实验性2型糖尿病恒河猴模型的构建及其部分临床特征分析

目的构建2型糖尿病（T2DM）恒河猴模型,使之成为研究人类T2DM的有效替身。方法以高糖高脂饮食为基础,在出现高脂血症和肥胖状态后注射35mg／kg的链脲佐菌素（STZ）,测定体重指数、血脂、空腹血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、尿糖和口服葡萄糖耐量试验等,分析其部分临床特征。结果T2DM模型组体重指数（BMI）大于35达到重度肥胖,有高脂血症的特点,空腹血糖、胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数显著增高（P〈0．01）,尿糖检测呈阳性,葡萄糖耐量受损并且空腹血糖高于7mmol／L、2h的血糖水平高于11．Immol／L,胰岛有轻度损伤和病变。结论通过部分临床特征分析,T2DM模型组具有典型的T2DM临床特征,可成为T2DM研究的有效模型。     

糖耐量减低患者血清瘦素与内皮素-1的测定及其临床意义

目的：探讨糖耐量减低（IGT）患者血清瘦素（Leptin）和血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）含量变化及其意义。方法：采用放射免疫法检测65例IGT患者、50名正常健康体检者和50例2型糖尿病患者血清中Leptin和ET-1的含量,同时分别测定体重指数、腰臀比、空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2小时血糖（2h PBG）及空腹胰岛素（FINS）,并用HOMA稳态模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果：糖尿病组、IGT组血清Leptin、ET-1、FBG、2hPBG、FINS、TC含量及HOMA-IR指数显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）,糖尿病组血清Leptin、ET-1、FBG、2hPBG、FINS、TC含量及HOMA-IR指数明显高于IGT组（P〈0.05）。IGT组血清Leptin水平与BMI、血清ET-1、FBG、2hPBG、FINS、TC含量及HOMA-IR指数呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）,IGT组血清ET-1水平与收缩压、舒张压、BMI、血清FBG、2hPBG、FINS含量及HOMA-IR指数呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）。结论：瘦素与内皮素-1均可能在IGT发展成2型糖尿病过程中起一定的作用。     

地中海饮食干预联合有氧运动训练对2型糖尿病患者脂糖代谢水平、肠道菌群及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨地中海饮食干预联合有氧运动训练对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者脂糖代谢水平、肠道菌群及生活质量的影响。方法：选择2021年6月～2022年12月我院110例T2DM患者为研究对象,随机数字表法随机分组,各55例。对照组给予常规健康教育及饮食、运动干预,观察组给予地中海饮食干预及有氧运动训练。比较两组干预前后脂糖代谢指标[空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）]、肠道菌群、生活质量变化及并发症发生率。结果：干预后观察组HDL-C水平高于对照组,FPG、2hPG、TC、TG、LDL-C水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）;干预后观察组大肠埃希菌、肠球菌水平较对照组低,双歧杆菌水平较对照组高（P＜0.05）;干预后观察组治疗、心理精神、生理功能、社会关系评分较对照组高（P＜0.05）;两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：地中海饮食干预联合有氧运动训练能有效纠正T2DM患者肠道菌群紊乱状态,改善脂糖代谢,减少并发症发生,提高生活质量。     

门冬胰岛素与人普通胰岛素及胰岛素泵在2型糖尿病患者围手术期的疗效比较

目的：探讨速效胰岛素类似物（门冬胰岛素,诺和锐）与人普通胰岛素（诺和灵R）及胰岛素泵在2型糖尿病（T2DM）围手术期治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法：158例围手术期T2DM患者随机分为胰岛素泵输注门冬胰岛素治疗CSII组52例,门冬胰岛素多次皮下注射治疗MSII（A）组56例,人普通胰岛素多次皮下注射治疗MSII（B）组50例。观察各组患者治疗前后空腹和餐后2h血糖变化、血糖迭标时间、胰岛素用量、低血糖发生率及术后并发症发生率。结果：3组治疗后血糖均明显低于抬疗前,CSII组治疗后血糖低于MSII（A）组（P〈o．05）,MSII（A）组治疗后血糖低于MSII（B）组（P〈0．05）;术后并发症CSII组低于MSII（A）组（P〈0．05）,MSII㈧组低于MSII（B）组（P〈0．05）。结论：门冬胰岛素对T2DM围手术期血糖控制有较好的有效性、安全性和顺应性,胰岛素泵是2型糖尿病患者围手术期胰岛素输注的最佳模式。     

瑞格列奈对老年2型糖尿病胰岛β细胞功能的影响及其安全性观察

目的：评估餐时血糖调节剂瑞格列奈（商品名：诺和龙）对老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者胰岛β细胞早时相分泌功能的影响及其用药安全性观察。方法：符合入选的患者,完成临床和实验室检查,根据血糖水平及胰岛素释放结果给予单独瑞格列奈口服治疗12周。结果：与基础值比较,瑞格列奈治疗12周后患者餐后2h血糖（2hPG）及糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）水平均有显著下降,差异有显著性,P〈0．05;空腹血糖（FBG）有所下降但差异无显著性,P〉0．05。治疗前后比较,患者的空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平并无明显升高,P〉0．05;Ins30、Ins60明显升高,P〈0．05;而且Ins120、Ins180有下降趋势但差异无显著性,P〉0．05。△I30／△G30比值明显升高,P〈0．05,AUCINS未见明显变化,P〉0．05。治疗前后比较患者的甘油三酯（TG）水平下降,P〈0．05,总胆固醇（TC）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平有所下降同时高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）水平略有上升,但差异无显著性P〉0．05。治疗前后患者的收缩压（SBP）及舒张压（DBP）均未见明显变化,P〉0．05。治疗过程中只有1例患者在早餐与午餐间出现轻微的低血糖的症状,当时测指尖血糖为3．3mmol／L,进食后症状缓解。应用瑞格列奈治疗后患者的肝肾功能均未见明显的异常,P〉0．05。结论：瑞格列奈治疗可部分恢复老年T2DM早期时相胰岛素分泌,是一种有效的并且耐受性好的口服降糖药。     

老年2型糖尿病患者血清BGP、ghrelin、YKL-40水平与胰岛素抵抗及认知功能损害的关系研究

摘要 目的：研究老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清骨钙素（BGP）、生长激素释放多肽（ghrelin）及人软骨糖蛋白-39（YKL-40）水平与胰岛素抵抗及认知功能损害的关系。方法：选择2018年1月～2019年12月我院收治的老年T2DM患者100例记作病变组,选择同期于我院进行体检的老年健康志愿者100例作为对照组。比较两组血清BGP、ghrelin及YKL-40水平,血糖、血脂、胰岛素抵抗相关指标及简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）评分情况,并分析各指标的相关性。结果：病变组血清BGP、ghrelin水平低于对照组,而YKL-40水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。病变组空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平及胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）均高于对照组,而空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。病变组除语言、延迟记忆评分与对照组对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,其他各项MMSE评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析可得：老年T2DM患者血清BGP、ghrelin水平和FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR均呈负相关,与FINS及MMSE评分均呈正相关（P＜0.05）;而血清YKL-40水平和FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR均呈正相关,与FINS及MMSE评分均呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：老年T2DM患者的血清BGP、ghrelin存在明显低表达,而血清YKL-40水平呈明显高表达,且上述血清学指标水平均与胰岛素抵抗和认知功能损害密切相关。     

个性化饮食干预对2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者营养状况的影响

目的：探讨个性化饮食干预对2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者营养状况的影响。方法：将180例患者随机分为两组,对饮食干预组采用严格的饮食管控,对照组不予干预,观察并比较两组患者血糖、血脂控制情况、营养状况的差异。结果：经过3个月干预,饮食干预组FPG、2h PG、TC、TG水平显著低于干预前(P＜0.05),LDL、HDL水平干预前后没有显著变化（P>0.05）,而对照组干预前后FPG、2h PG、TC、TG、LDL、HDL水平没有显著变化（P>0.05）;观察组患者干预后FPG、2h PG、TC、TG水平显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,两组患者LDL、HDL水平差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）;经过3个月干预,饮食干预组TP水平、MNA评分显著高于干预前（P＜0.05）,ALB水平干预前后没有显著变化（P>0.05）,而对照组干预前后TP、ALB、MNA评分没有显著变化（P>0.05）;观察组患者干预后TP水平、MNA水平显著高于对照组（P>0.05）,两组患者ALB水平差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：个性化饮食干预有利于2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者更好的控制血糖、血脂状况,同时还有利于改善患者自身营养状况。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清GDF-15、sVCAM-1、YKL-40、α-klotho蛋白水平与糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗及肾功能的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）肾病患者血清可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1（sVCAM-1）、生长分化因子 - 15（GDF-15）、α-klotho蛋白、几丁质酶3样蛋白1（YKL-40）水平与糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗及肾功能的关系。方法：选取2017年2月~2020年5月期间我院收治的T2DM患者80例,将T2DM患者根据有无糖尿病肾病分为T2DM无肾病组（n=43）、T2DM肾病组（n=37）。并选取同期于我院体检的健康志愿者50例作为对照组。检测所有受试者的血脂指标：总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）,肾功能指标：尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）,血糖指标：糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖（FPG）,胰岛素抵抗指标：稳态模型-胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）,GDF-15、sVCAM-1、α-klotho蛋白、YKL-40水平。分析血清GDF-15、sVCAM-1、YKL-40、α-klotho蛋白水平与血糖指标、血脂指标、胰岛素抵抗指标 、肾功能指标的相关性。结果：T2DM肾病组GDF-15、sVCAM-1、YKL-40较对照组、T2DM无肾病组高（P<0.05）,T2DM肾病组α-klotho蛋白低于T2DM无肾病组、对照组（P<0.05）。T2DM肾病组、T2DM无肾病组TC、TG、LDL、BUN、HOMA-IR、Scr、FPG、HbA1c水平较对照组高,且T2DM肾病组高于T2DM无肾病组（P<0.05）,T2DM肾病组、T2DM无肾病组HDL水平低于对照组,且T2DM肾病组低于T2DM无肾病组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,GDF-15、sVCAM-1、YKL-40与TC、TG、LDL、BUN、Scr、FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR均呈正相关,而与HDL呈负相关（P<0.05）,α-klotho蛋白与TC、TG、LDL、BUN、Scr、FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR均呈负相关,而与HDL呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论：GDF-15、sVCAM-1、YKL-40、α-klotho蛋白在T2DM肾病患者血清中异常表达,可能参与该疾病的发生、发展。     

链尿佐菌素加高糖高脂饮食复制大鼠2型糖尿病模型

目的链尿佐菌素加高糖高脂饮食诱导大鼠2型糖尿病模型的建立。方法SD雄性大鼠高糖高脂饲料喂养3周后,采血检测空腹血糖及血清胰岛素,按25mg/g体重剂量一次性腹腔内注射链尿佐菌素,3d后,行糖耐量实验,对糖耐量异常大鼠继续喂以高糖高脂饲料,在第2、第4周再两次采血检测糖尿病鼠空腹血糖及血清胰岛素。结果与对照组比较,高糖高脂喂养大鼠血清胰岛素明显上升（P〈0.01）,但血糖无变化（P〉0.05）,糖尿病鼠血糖及血清胰岛素均显著的高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论高糖高脂喂养能致大鼠明显的高胰岛素血症,辅以小剂量一次性注射链尿佐菌素而造成的糖耐量异常,可成功复制出2型糖尿病大鼠模型。     

西格列汀治疗对初发2 型糖尿病患者血浆vaspin 水平的影响

目的：观察西格列汀治疗对初发2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血浆丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物（vaspin）水平的影响,探讨其与胰岛素抵 抗的关系。方法：60 例初发2 型糖尿病患者使用西格列汀治疗12 周,采用酶联免疫法测定正常人及T2DM患者使用西格列汀治 疗前后的血浆vaspin 水平, 分析血浆vaspin水平与体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA- IR )、胰岛素分泌指 数(HOMA- IS )、空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 小时血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋 白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）等的关系。结果：2 型糖尿病组血浆vaspin 水平高于对照组（P＜ 0.05）;2 型糖 尿病组经西格列汀治疗12 周后BMI、WHR、HbA1c、FPG 、2hPG、TG和HOMA-IR 显著下降（P＜0.05）,而HOMA-IS 显著升高 （P＜0.05）,同时西格列汀治疗后血浆vaspin 水平也显著降低（P＜0.01）,且vaspin 水平的降低与HOMA-IR 的改变呈明显正相 关。胰岛素抵抗指数及体重指数是影响血浆vaspin水平的独立相关因素。结论：西格列汀治疗能有效改善2 型糖尿病患者糖脂代 谢和胰岛素敏感性,降低血浆vaspin 水平。     

Hormone replacement therapy decreases insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in Japanese postmenopausal women with impaired and normal glucose tolerance

OBJECTS: To investigate the effect of combined estrogen and progesterone therapy on insulin resistance (IR) and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women (PMW) with impaired (IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). METHODS: Sixteen Japanese PMW with IGT and 33 with NGT received daily oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT; 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate) for 12 months. As controls, 13 Japanese PMW with IGT and 31 with NGT were enrolled and not treated by HRT. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and IR were measured in each subject at study initiation and 12 months later. We used homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) to determine IR. RESULTS: FPG and HOMA IR were decreased in both HRT groups, and fasting IRI was reduced in the HRT-NGT group. In controls, FPG, fasting IRI, and HOMA IR were unaltered. Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased in both HRT groups, but triglyceride was unchanged. In controls, lipid metabolism was unaltered. CONCLUSION: HRT decreased IR and improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Japanese PMW with IGT and NGT. These beneficial effects argue for the use of HRT in PMW with IGT as well as NGT.     

血清镁、血小板聚集率在糖耐量减低患者微血管病变中的临床意义

目的:观察糖耐量减低患者微血管病变与血清镁、血小板聚集率(PAR)的相关性。方法:将2012年11月-2014年1月在本院内分泌科和体检中心的120例研究对象随机均分为糖耐量减低合并微血管病变组(n=30),糖耐量减低无微血管病变组(n=30),糖尿病组(n=30),正常对照组(n=30)。比较各组患者的生化指标、血清镁与PAR的相关性、血镁水平以及PAR与FPG、HbA1C相关性。结果:糖尿病组和糖耐量减低合并微血管病变组患者的所有生化指标与对照组相比,差异有显著性(P0.05);血清镁水平与PAR之间呈显著负相关(P0.01);血镁水平与糖耐量减低合并微血管病变组、糖耐量减低无微血管病变组、糖尿病组中FPG、HbA1C呈负相关关系(P0.05);PAR与糖耐量减低合并微血管病变组、糖耐量减低无微血管病变组、糖尿病组中FPG、HbA1C呈正相关关系(P0.05)。结论:血清镁与PAR在预测糖耐量患者微血管病变中有一定的临床意义,值得临床推广。     

High Incidence of Impaired Glucose Regulation in Patients With no Known History of Diabetes Mellitus But With Hyperglycemia After Undergoing a Cardiac Surgical Procedure

ObjectiveTo determine the implications of the presence of hyperglycemia after a cardiac surgical procedure in patients with no history of diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 50 consecutive patients with no known history of DM who underwent a cardiac surgical procedure and had postoperative hyperglycemia (plasma glucose levels ≥ 110 mg/dL), requiring an insulin drip to achieve tight glucose control. These patients underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 6 weeks postoperatively to determine the percentage of subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or type 2 DM.ResultsOf the 50 patients, 32 (64%) were found to have persistent glucose dysregulation. On the basis of OGTT results, 20% had IFG, 16% had both IFG and IGT, 10% had only IGT, and 18% had type 2 DM. Of the patients with newly diagnosed diabetes, 89% had a 6-week postoperative fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration of < 126 mg/dL. There was a significant correlation between the preoperative FPG levels and the 6-week postoperative 2-hour OGTT glucose levels (P < .01). No correlation was found between the 6-week postoperative FPG levels and the 2-hour OGTT glucose levels (P = .26).ConclusionHyperglycemia after a cardiac surgical procedure implies a high risk of persistent glucose dysregulation. Preoperative FPG levels correlated better with 2-hour OGTT results than did the 6-week postoperative FPG values, but both were insensitive markers for diagnosing type 2 DM in these patients. In our cohort, hemoglobin A1c was not predictive of abnormalities of glucose metabolism. Our data support the need for performing a postoperative OGTT in patients with no known history of DM but the presence of hyperglycemia after a cardiac operation. (Endocr Pract. 2009;15:425-430)     

The relationship between fasting hyperglycemia and insulin secretion in subjects with normal or impaired glucose tolerance

To assess the relationship between the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration and insulin secretion in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects, 531 nondiabetic subjects with NGT (n = 293) and IGT (n = 238; 310 Japanese and 232 Mexican Americans) received an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with measurement of plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide every 30 min. The insulin secretion rate was determined by plasma C-peptide deconvolution. Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) was measured from plasma insulin and glucose concentrations. The insulin secretion/insulin resistance (IS/IR) or disposition index was calculated as DeltaISR/DeltaG / IR. As FPG increased in NGT subjects, the IS/IR index declined exponentially over the range of FPG from 70 to 125 mg/dl. The relationship between the IS/IR index and FPG was best fit with the equation: 28.8 exp(-0.036 FPG). For every 28 mg/dl increase in FPG, the IS/IR index declined by 63%. A similar relationship between IS/IR index and FPG was observed in IGT. However, the decay constant was lower than in NGT. The IS/IR index for early-phase insulin secretion (0-30 min) was correlated with the increase in FPG in both NGT and IGT (r = -0.43, P < 0.0001 and r = -0.20, P = 0.001, respectively). However, the correlation between late-phase insulin secretion (60-120 min) and FPG was not significant. In conclusion, small increments in FPG, within the "normal" range, are associated with a marked decline in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and the decrease in insulin secretion with increasing FPG is greater in subjects with NGT than IGT and primarily is due to a decline in early-phase insulin secretion.     

镁补充对2 型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的:研究镁补充对2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响。方法:将用高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)方法诱发的2型糖尿病大鼠随机分为四个组,糖尿病对照组喂饲高脂饲料,高、中、低剂量组在高脂饲料中分别加入2000、1000、200 mg/kg的镁(以镁离子计)。自由饮食喂养四周,处死动物。用放射免疫法测血清胰岛素(Ins)水平、用葡萄糖氧化酶法测空腹血浆葡萄糖(fasting plasmaglucose,FPG),并计算胰岛素敏感指数(insulin sensitivity index,ISI)。比色法检测糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)。用全自动生化分析仪测高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDLC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)。结果:高剂量组的空腹血糖、空腹血清、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇水平均较糖尿病对照组显著性降低(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素敏感指数较糖尿病对照组显著性升高(P<0.05)。结论:镁补充可以提高2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素敏感性,改善糖尿病大鼠的糖脂代谢情况。     

Prevalencia de alteraciones del metabolismo hidrocarbonado en una población infanto-juvenil con obesidad grave

IntroductionThere is currently a disproportionate increase in childhood and adolescent obesity worldwide, together with other disorders involving substantial cardiometabolic risk in adulthood, such as alterations in carbohydrate metabolism.ObjectiveTo establish the prevalence of prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) after an oral glucose tolerance test, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) in a pediatric population with severe obesity. Additionally, we aimed to assess clinical metabolic differences between prediabetic obese patients and obese subjects without prediabetes.Material and methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in children and adolescents with severe obesity (>97th percentile). The variables studied were age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance test, insulinemia, insulin resistance assessed by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.ResultsA total of 133 patients were included: 67 boys (50.4%) and 66 girls (49.6%), with a mean age of 12.17±3.27 years. Fourteen patients (10.52%) had prediabetes (10 IFG, 3 IGT, 1 IFG+IGT): 7 girls and 8 boys, with a mean age of 13.2±3.3 years. One patient had DM2 (0.75%). Patients with prediabetes had significantly higher concentrations of fasting glucose (98±10.76 vs 88.53±6.3 mg/d; p=0.001), insulinemia (35.38±14.22 vs 22.95±14.30 μU/ml; p=0.009) and HOMA index (8.10±3.24 vs 4.89±3.27; p=0.004) than patients without impaired carbohydrate metabolism. These patients also had higher values of HbA_1c, triglycerides, blood pressure and HDL concentrations, although differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe prevalence of prediabetes (IFG/IGT) in children with severe obesity was high (10.52%). These patients should therefore be investigated to establish early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Obese patients with prediabetes have significantly higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance than individuals without impaired carbohydrate metabolism.     

胃转流术治疗非肥胖T2DM 术后1 年血糖代谢变化的研究

目的:评价胃转流术(RYGP)治疗非肥胖2型糖尿病(T2DM)的1年血糖代谢变化,并探讨术前T2DM病史对术后1年效果的影响。方法:收集我科2009年6月～2010年4月期间60例行RYGP的非肥胖T2DM患者术前及术后1年内的一般资料,临床及实验室检查数据等。根据T2DM病史分为两组:Ⅰ组:≤5年;Ⅱ组:5-10年,两组体质指数(BMI)均<30 kg/m2。术后6M、12M主要随访:空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、体重、BMI、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血清胰岛素(Fins)、空腹C肽(C-P)、胰岛素抵抗指数和用药情况,采用SPSS17.0软件进行手术前后对照与组间对照分析。结果:与术前相比,Ⅰ组术后6M、12M时FPG,2hPG,体重,BMI,C-P,HbA1c,Fins均明显改善(P<0.05),HOMA-IR在术后6M无显著差异(P>0.05),术后12M有显著差异(P<0.05);Ⅱ组术后6M、12M时与术前相比,FPG,2hPG,体重,BMI,C-P,HbA1c,HOMA-IR均明显改善(P<0.05),Fins在术后6M、12M与术前相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组于术后6M、12M在FPG、2hPG、体重、BMI、C肽、Fins、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、用药以及手术缓解率方面均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:非肥胖T2DM患者胃转流术后1年血糖代谢明显改善,术后完全缓解率逐步增高,术前T2DM病史(≤5年与5-10年)对术后1年效果的影响无显著差异。     

Factors predicting the course of diabetes mellitus in hyperthyroid patients

The relationship between changes in glucose tolerance with treatment of hyperthyroidism and various factors that might be relevant to carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in 64 hyperthyroid patients with abnormal glucose tolerance, including 35 cases with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels of 140 mg/dl or more. All patients had diffuse toxic goiter. After correction of the hyperthyroidism, glucose intolerance improved in almost all cases, even in cases with fasting hyperglycemia, but diabetes mellitus in patients with FPG above 140 mg/dl and/or delta IRI/delta PG X 30' during a 50-g oral glucose tolerance test below 0.10, persisted. Patients who showed diabetic glucose tolerance even after remission from thyroid dysfunction had significantly lower delta IRI/delta PG X 30' values and a higher incidence of family histories of diabetes mellitus than those not showing diabetic glucose tolerance. There were no significant differences in serum T3 and T4 levels between these two groups of patients. The findings suggest that predisposition to diabetes may be an important factor in persistent glucose intolerance in the hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease. The FPG and delta IRI/delta PG X 30' values may be useful in predicting which patients with hyperthyroidism will have permanent diabetes.     

Factors responsible for glucose intolerance in Japanese subjects with impaired fasting glucose.

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) represents risk of development of diabetes (DM) and its complications. We investigated insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in 403 IFG subjects divided into three levels of 2-hour postchallenge glucose (2-h PG) to clarify the factors responsible in the development of glucose intolerance in Japanese IFG. Nearly 60% of the subjects at annual medical check-up with FPG of 6.1-7.0 mmol/l at the first screening were diagnosed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; FPG <7.0 mmol/l and 7.8 mmol/l <2-h PG <11.1 mmol/l) or DM (isolated postchallenge hyperglycemia (IPH); FPG <7.0 mmol/l and 11.1 mmol/l <2-h PG level). The primary factor in the decreased glucose tolerance was a decrease in early-phase insulin, with some contribution of increasing insulin resistance. In addition, IFG/IGT and IFG/IPH subjects showed a compensatory increase in basal insulin secretion sufficient to keep FPG levels within the non-diabetic range. IFG is composed of three different categories in basal, early-phase insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity.     

Extremely short duration high intensity interval training substantially improves insulin action in young healthy males

Background

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a prediabetic state. If IGT can be prevented from progressing to overt diabetes, hyperglycemia-related complications can be avoided. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether pioglitazone (ACTOS^®) can prevent progression of IGT to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a prospective randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial.

Methods/Design

602 IGT subjects were identified with OGTT (2-hour plasma glucose = 140–199 mg/dl). In addition, IGT subjects were required to have FPG = 95–125 mg/dl and at least one other high risk characteristic. Prior to randomization all subjects had measurement of ankle-arm blood pressure, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, HbA_1C, lipid profile and a subset had frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT), DEXA, and ultrasound determination of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Following this, subjects were randomized to receive pioglitazone (45 mg/day) or placebo, and returned every 2–3 months for FPG determination and annually for OGTT. Repeat carotid IMT measurement was performed at 18 months and study end. Recruitment took place over 24 months, and subjects were followed for an additional 24 months. At study end (48 months) or at time of diagnosis of diabetes the OGTT, FSIVGTT, DEXA, carotid IMT, and all other measurements were repeated. Primary endpoint is conversion of IGT to T2DM based upon FPG ≥ 126 or 2-hour PG ≥ 200 mg/dl. Secondary endpoints include whether pioglitazone can: (i) improve glycemic control (ii) enhance insulin sensitivity, (iii) augment beta cell function, (iv) improve risk factors for cardiovascular disease, (v) cause regression/slow progression of carotid IMT, (vi) revert newly diagnosed diabetes to normal glucose tolerance.

Conclusion

ACT NOW is designed to determine if pioglitazone can prevent/delay progression to diabetes in high risk IGT subjects, and to define the mechanisms (improved insulin sensitivity and/or enhanced beta cell function) via which pioglitazone exerts its beneficial effect on glucose metabolism to prevent/delay onset of T2DM.

Trial Registration

clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT00220961