EMS诱变西瓜突变体库的构建及表型分析

采用1.0%诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理西瓜品系W1-17种子9h,然后对M1和M2代群体单株在叶、花、茎、育性、分支习性等方面进行表型变异观察,同时选取M2代典型变异株系,利用23对西瓜SSR引物进行分析鉴定,构建西瓜突变体库。结果表明:(1)EMS诱变使M1代幼苗形态呈现出叶畸形、叶褶皱、部分黄化、花畸形、雄花不散粉、卷须畸形、矮小、生长缓慢、不育等特异性状,获得由1 252个单株组成的西瓜突变体M1群体,群体总变异频率为18.33%。(2)M2代共筛选到205个突变植株,40种表型变异,表现在子叶性状(黄化、扭曲不对称、折叠等)、叶和茎性状(叶黄化、变小、裂刻变深,茎变细,节间变短,分支少等)、花性状(花变大,花色变浅,两性花,花瓣皱缩、部分退化、数目突变,柱头畸形,雄蕊不成熟等)和其他性状(生长缓慢、不育等)等方面,总的表型突变率达到了19.59%。(3)针对M2代10个典型变异植株,通过SSR引物分析发现有9份材料在DNA水平上有变异。本研究初步构建了含有120个M1代家系及1 051株M2代植株、40种表型变异的西瓜突变体库。     

裸燕麦EMS突变体库筛选与分析

燕麦是重要的粮饲兼用作物,构建燕麦EMS突变体库对燕麦功能基因组学研究和遗传改良有重要意义。本试验利用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS,ethyl methane sulfonate)处理燕麦品种花早2号,获得了4083株M1材料;对其中2000个单株种植了M2株行,进行全生育期调查,鉴定其表型变化;对2份黄化苗突变材料种植了M3家系,进行相关突变性状的稳定性验证。结果表明,燕麦经EMS处理后代变异巨大,在M2发现表型突变材料196份,变异率为9.8%,变异类型非常丰富,包括幼苗习性、叶片性状、分蘖、株高、穗部形态及成熟期等突变株系。M3证实突变的黄化苗特性可以稳定遗传。本研究建立了燕麦EMS诱变体系,获得的燕麦变异类型丰富,为燕麦功能基因组学研究和燕麦遗传改良奠定了材料基础。     

甜瓜突变体库的构建及M2群体表型变异的研究

利用8种不同浓度的甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）,4种不同的浸种时间,处理甜瓜品系“3-2-2”种子,根据M1代植株发芽率,筛选出适宜的诱变剂量为浓度1.2%,诱变时间为24 h。采用这种方法构建了含有67个M1家系及相应自交M2代种子的甜瓜突变体库。对M1代群体541个单株的表型变异进行了全生育期初步调查,总的表型变异频率达71.53%。对M2代群体603个单株的节间长度、主蔓粗度、叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶柄长度、叶柄粗度共6个表型性状进行形态学调查表明:除节间长度外,其它5个性状和野生型相比均差异显著;不同性状的变异系数不同,叶柄长度的变异系数最大,达15.37%,节间长度的变异系数最小,为7.10%;在M2代中,编号为25的家系叶片出现了黄色和绿色的性状分离。     

罗布麻EMS突变体库构建及黄酮变异突变体筛选

罗布麻(Apocynum venetum L.)突变体的获得是人工创新种质资源的有效途径,也是开展品种选育、功能基因组研究的基础。本研究以采自东营野生罗布麻种子作为材料,预试验结果表明0.7%的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS,ethylmethylsulfone)溶液诱变罗布麻种子13 h能够达到半致死剂量。在此浓度和处理时间下构建了一个1452株的突变体群体,对获得的M1植株进行农艺性状和总黄酮含量性状筛选,初步获得125份农艺性状突变材料,其中包括8株白化植株、23株叶型变异株、16株叶色黄纹突变体、32株苗期分枝植株以及46株叶位变异突变体,突变频率分别为0.55%、1.6%、1.1%、2.2%和3.2%。此外,还筛选到2株总黄酮含量明显高于野生型和1株低于野生型的材料。在突变群体中对黄酮代谢途径中编码黄烷酮-3-羟化酶的基因(F3H,flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene)进行测序鉴定,结果鉴定到3株F3H基因的突变体。本研究构建的罗布麻突变体库表型丰富且突变位点可以鉴定,是罗布麻新种质筛选、品种选育以及基因功能研究的良好材料。     

甘蓝型油菜理化诱变和突变体库的构建

利用射线与甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）溶液诱变技术复合处理甘蓝型油菜高油605的成熟种子。经田间M2筛选和M3验证, 共筛选到152个叶色、叶形、株高、分枝数、分枝角度、茎径、茎色、花色、花瓣数、花瓣大小、花蕊形态、雄性不育、死蕾及开花期等性状发生变异的突变体, 占M2诱变群体总数的12.67%。利用水培法进行M3和M4株系的子叶和根系变异性状筛选和验证, 发现子叶和根系变异频率分别为12.78%和7.07%。现已构建了包括叶片、株型、花器、子叶、根系及部分生理性状变异类型的突变体库, 可为今后油菜遗传改良和功能基因组学研究提供更多的种质资源。     

高粱EMS诱变及突变体筛选、鉴定

突变率和突变类型是突变体表型筛选和构建饱和突变体库的重要依据。采用不同时间和不同浓度甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理高粱品种BTx623的种子,突变率和突变类型差异较大。突变类型可分为叶色、叶形、穗型、育性及生育期等,变异类型较丰富。根据处理后种子出苗率、结实率和突变率的情况,最终确定20 h+EMS 0.2%为最佳的诱变处理时间和浓度。但构建饱和突变体库,建议采用多浓度多时间处理方式。     

糜子EMS突变体库构建和突变体筛选北大核心CSCD

糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)具有抗旱、耐瘠、适应性广、生育期短等特点,是我国北方地区的杂粮作物。糜子高产品种不耐水肥、易倒伏,锄草、间苗费时费工的问题严重影响着农民对糜子生产的积极性和收入。EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)化学诱变方法成本低,操作简单,诱变率高,是作物育种的重要方法。本试验选用糜子品种伊选大红糜进行EMS化学诱变而构建突变体库,对获得的2333个M2材料进行突变频率和全生育期表型多样性等特征的分析。结果显示,所构建的糜子突变体库材料变异类型非常丰富,共发现104个形态性状突变株系,突变频率为4.5%,包括叶色、叶型、株高、生育期、育性、穗型、种皮颜色等性状,该突变体库的构建将为糜子功能基因组学研究和育种提供丰富的突变体资源和新型种质。     

糜子EMS突变体库构建和突变体筛选

糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)具有抗旱、耐瘠、适应性广、生育期短等特点,是我国北方地区的杂粮作物。糜子高产品种不耐水肥、易倒伏,锄草、间苗费时费工的问题严重影响着农民对糜子生产的积极性和收入。EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)化学诱变方法成本低,操作简单,诱变率高,是作物育种的重要方法。本试验选用糜子品种伊选大红糜进行EMS化学诱变而构建突变体库,对获得的2333个M2材料进行突变频率和全生育期表型多样性等特征的分析。结果显示,所构建的糜子突变体库材料变异类型非常丰富,共发现104个形态性状突变株系,突变频率为4.5%,包括叶色、叶型、株高、生育期、育性、穗型、种皮颜色等性状,该突变体库的构建将为糜子功能基因组学研究和育种提供丰富的突变体资源和新型种质。     

陆地棉EMS诱变体系的优化及种子和纤维发育异常突变体的鉴定

突变体是进行基因功能研究的遗传学材料。本研究利用浓度为0～1.5%EMS溶液处理已萌发露白的陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)鲁6269种子4～12 h,分析不同浓度的EMS溶液处理不同时间对棉花出苗率和生长的影响,并在M_2和M_3对突变体进行了初步的形态学鉴定。结果表明,1.0%EMS溶液处理10 h,鲁6269的出苗率为49%,为该材料的半致死浓度,诱变效果最佳。为了获得大量的突变体,利用该浓度,处理鲁6269萌发的种子(约10000粒)10 h,在M_2发现一株纤维发育异常(纤维成熟脱水后不蓬松)的突变体,收获该突变体自交种子,M3跟踪调查,发现该突变体纤维发育异常表型与M_2相同,种子解剖观察发现,该突变体种胚与外种皮之间存在一个大空腔,种胚弱小且扁瘪,影响种子的出土。本研究优化建立了陆地棉品种鲁6269种子EMS诱变体系,在M_3筛选获得一个种子与纤维发育异常的突变体sfm-1,为研究棉花种子及纤维发育提供了遗传学材料。     

γ射线诱变籼稻保持系T98B突变体的鉴定与农艺性状分析

辐射诱变是农作物种质创新的重要手段。本研究以杂交稻骨干亲本T98B为研究对象,以300Gy剂量的60Co-γ射线对其成熟种子进行处理,从辐射后代中鉴定出农艺性状变异材料,划分了变异类群,分析了各类型突变频率,为遗传改良奠定了材料基础。结果显示,经γ射线处理后的M1和M2种子的发芽率受到了显著抑制,分别比对照T98B降低了22.35%和14.67%;从M2群体中初步筛选出了207个变异单株;经M3~M5的遗传稳定性测试后最终获得了168份可稳定遗传的突变体,总突变频率达到了0.673%。按照变异部位将突变体划分成叶变异、茎/蘖变异和穗粒/花变异等3种类群,各类群分别含有34份、37份和97份突变体,占比20.24%、20.02%和57.74%;育性、叶色和株高等性状的突变频率较高,分别达到了0.212%,0.092%和0.088%。此外,本文简要描述了各类群的表型变异特点。结果表明,利用γ射线诱变能产生丰富的农艺性状突变体,本研究为水稻遗传改良提供新的种质资源奠定了基础。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治

颧骨颧弓骨折是最常见的面中部骨折之一,迄今为止,在其分类及诊治的选择上仍然存在一定争议,本文对目前颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治的现状和进展作一综述,以期对临床工作提供参考。     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.