禽致病性大肠杆菌安徽分离株luxS和pfs基因的克隆、表达与细胞外合成AI-2 活性检测

【目的】LuxS/AI-2型密度感应系统存在于革兰氏阴性和阳性菌中,可产生用于细菌种间交流的通用自诱导信号分子AI-2(Autoinducer-2,AI-2),细菌许多生理功能都受此系统的调节。本研究开展对禽致病性大肠杆菌(Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC)自诱导信号分子AI-2的检测和建立体外合成、定量的方法,为进一步研究APEC的AI-2调控作用奠定基础。【方法】利用哈维弧菌BB170(Vibrio harveyi BB170)开展对APEC AI-2的检测;利用表达、纯化的LuxS和Pfs在体外催化S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸(Sadenosylhomocysteine,SAH),进行AI-2的体外合成。【结果】APEC能产生自诱导信号分子AI-2;成功表达可用于AI-2合成的可溶性重组蛋白LuxS和Pfs;纯化的重组蛋白LuxS和Pfs与SAH同时作用后,合成了浓度为300μmol/L的AI-2;运用哈维弧菌BB170对合成的AI-2活性检测表明,其活性是阴性对照的700倍。【结论】APEC存在LuxS/AI-2型密度感应系统,APEC的LuxS和Pfs可以在体外催化SAH生成有活性的AI-2分子。本研究为进一步研究APEC的AI-2的调控作用奠定基础。     

迟缓爱德华菌luxS基因在不同生长时期表达水平的差异

摘要:【目的】探索迟缓爱德华菌LuxS/AI-2型密度感应系统关键基因luxS的分布及在不同生长时期的表达特征和生物功能。【方法】克隆迟缓爱德华菌luxS基因,利用生物信息学工具和网络数据库分析该基因序列的特征及编码蛋白的基本特征和保守结构;原核表达LuxS蛋白,纯化后制备抗LuxS的抗体,运用Western-blot技术分析LuxS在不同毒力、不同来源迟缓爱德华菌中的分布情况及在不同生长时期的表达水平;利用抗体中和方法,分析抗LuxS抗体对迟缓爱德华菌生长的影响,探索LuxS是否为信号分子AI-2的特 异依赖模式。【结果】克隆到迟缓爱德华菌luxS基因,长度为516 bp,序列分析结果表明,该基因在迟缓爱德华菌属中高度保守;对多株迟缓爱德华菌LuxS蛋白的检测结果表明,该基因在该菌属中普遍存在;对不同生长时期LuxS蛋白的检测结果表明,LuxS蛋白的表达量在迟缓期较低,进入对数生长期逐渐增加,在对数生长后期最大,稳定后期逐渐减少;抗体中和生长试验结果表明,1%抗血清(效价1:40000)能延长迟缓爱德华菌生长的平台期,但对细菌生长无显著影响。【结论】LuxS/AI-2介导的密度感应系统在迟缓爱德华菌中普遍存在;关键基因luxS的序列高度保守,在不同生长时期表达量不一致,在对数生长后期达到峰值。     

信号分子AI-2的体外合成及其对副溶血性弧菌四环素耐药性的调控作用

【背景】抗菌药的过度使用引起细菌耐药性日益严重,作为重要的食源性致病菌,副溶血性弧菌也表现出一定程度的耐药性。群体感应系统可以调控细菌的耐药性,为研究副溶血性弧菌的耐药机制和控制技术提供新的途径。【目的】探讨群体感应信号分子AI-2 (autoinducer-2)对海产品中分离的副溶血性弧菌四环素耐药性的调控作用。【方法】通过原核表达制备AI-2合成关键酶——S-核糖同型半胱氨酸酶(S-ribosylhomocysteinase, LuxS)和S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸核苷酶(S-adenosylhomocysteinenucleosidase,Pfs),体外合成AI-2,通过菌落计数法分析AI-2对副溶血性弧菌在四环素亚抑菌浓度下耐受性的影响,采用逆转录实时荧光定量PCR法测定不同浓度AI-2对副溶血性弧菌四环素耐药基因转录水平的影响。【结果】通过原核表达获得LuxS和Pfs,作用于底物S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸能合成具有生物活性的AI-2,其荧光强度约为阳性对照的6倍。在四环素亚抑菌浓度下,AI-2能显著促进副溶血性弧菌的生长,6、15、30μmol/L浓度AI-2能不同程度地提高副溶血性弧菌四环素耐药基因的转录水平。【结论】AI-2能增强副溶血性弧菌对四环素的耐受作用,为解析副溶血性弧菌的耐药机制、研制以AI-2为靶点的副溶血性弧菌耐药性控制技术提供基础。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌Mtan对底物SAH的催化活性

【目的】分析鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)不同血清型pfs基因的序列差异,并开展其编码蛋白S-腺苷高半胱氨酸核苷酶(Mtan,又称Pfs)的催化活性研究。【方法】PCR扩增9株不同血清型RA的pfs基因,分析其核苷酸序列的同源性;构建该基因的重组表达载体p Cold-RA-pfs,表达、纯化RA的重组蛋白Mtan(RA-Mtan);测定RA-Mtan对底物S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸(S-adenosylhomocysteine,SAH)的催化活性,运用哈维弧菌报告菌株BB170检测催化底物的自诱导物2(Autoinducer-2,AI-2)活性。【结果】对RA的pfs序列分析结果表明,不同血清型RA的核苷酸一致性在93.9%-100%之间;SDS-PAGE检测结果表明,RA-Mtan呈可溶性表达;酶活测定表明RA-Mtan和禽致病性大肠杆菌(Avain pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC)的Lux S蛋白共同作用于底物时,可产生浓度为176.7μmol/L的同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,HCY);AI-2活性检测结果表明,产生的AI-2具有生物学活性。【结论】RA不同血清型的pfs高度保守,RA pfs基因的编码产物RA-Mtan在体外具有催化SAH的活性,RA-Mtan和禽致病性大肠杆菌的Lux S蛋白共同作用于底物SAH时,能产生有活性的AI-2,为进一步研究pfs对RA的调控作用提供参考。     

AI-2通过调节c-di-GMP代谢酶DosC影响类志贺邻单胞菌生物膜形成及运动性

细菌中广泛分布的群体感应信号分子autoinducer-2 (AI-2)会影响细菌的生物膜形成及运动性等生理过程,然而该信号对类志贺邻单胞菌相关表型的调控作用及其分子机制尚未有所报道。【目的】揭示AI-2通过影响胞内环二鸟苷单磷酸(c-di-GMP)水平调控类志贺邻单胞菌生物膜形成及运动性的内在机制,为类志贺邻单胞菌感染的防治提供新思路。【方法】首先利用同源重组方法构建luxS基因敲除菌株(ΔluxS),通过软琼脂平板法和结晶紫染色法分别检测其与野生型泳动能力和生物膜形成水平的差异;之后通过序列比对找到AI-2的潜在受体蛋白DosC(SAMEA2665130＿2180),利用哈维氏弧菌生物发光实验及等温滴定量热实验(ITC)研究DosC的配体结合结构域(ligand-binding domain,LBD)与AI-2的结合能力;通过体外酶活实验、胞内c-di-GMP定量分析研究AI-2对DosC受体活性的影响;最后参照前述方法构建受体DosC编码基因敲除菌株(ΔdosC)并检测其与野生型相比泳动能力和生物膜形成水平的变化。【结果】AI-2与DosC-LBD显示出高亲和作用力;通过高效液相...     

具有抗哈维氏弧菌活性共生真菌HLZ-3菌株的筛选、鉴定及其培养条件

【背景】目前,海水养殖业中主要利用抗生素来防治哈维氏弧菌等病原菌,但抗生素的长期使用或滥用会对环境和人体健康带来危害,因此既环保又有效的生物防治方法具有广阔的应用前景。【目的】从海水产品共生微生物中筛选具有抗菌活性的菌株,对活性菌株进行鉴定并确定其合成抗菌活性物质的培养条件。【方法】利用沙氏和2216E培养基,以稀释涂布平板法从海水养殖动物中分离真菌和细菌;利用牛津杯法测定微生物发酵液抗水产病原哈维氏弧菌的活性;通过菌株的培养特征、形态特征和ITS序列分析对抗菌活性菌株进行鉴定;通过筛选发酵培养基的种类及盐度确定培养条件。【结果】从海蚌、白虾、海蛎子等9种样品中分离出微生物52株,其中真菌30株、细菌22株;筛选得到2株具有抗哈维氏弧菌活性的真菌菌株;其中一株活性菌株HLZ-3被鉴定为塔宾曲霉;菌株HLZ-3合成抗菌活性物质的培养条件为4%NaCl的大米培养基,28°C静置培养2周。【结论】实验结果为进一步分离纯化菌株HLZ-3所产抗菌活性次生代谢产物提供了基础。     

罗氏沼虾中副溶血弧菌群体感应的检测

利用3种不同的哈维氏弧菌报告菌株V.harveyi JMH612、V.harveyi JMH597和V.harveyi JAF375检测了罗氏沼虾体内分离的副溶血弧菌VIB461和VIB800的群体感应信号分子,同时用PCR扩增了两株菌调控AI-2型信号分子分泌的LuxS基因。结果表明,两株菌均能产生3种类型的信号分子:HAI-1、AI-2和CAI-1。3种信号分子的活性均具有生长阶段依赖性,在对数生长初期出现并在对数生长后期或稳定期前期达到最高水平,然后随着培养时间的延长呈现一定的下降。两株副溶血弧菌的PCR扩增片段的测序结果与已上传的副溶血弧菌的LuxS基因序列的相似度均在95%以上,说明两株副溶血弧菌都含有LuxS基因。     

嗜水气单胞菌S蛋白的提纯及特性分析

电镜观察表明,嗜水气单胞菌J-1株具有S层结构,在菌体外层呈晶格样规则排列。菌体经酸性甘氨酸缓冲液处理,S层从菌体上脱落,离心上清液即为粗提S蛋白。进一步经Sephadex G200凝胶层析和DEAE-纤维素离子交换层析纯化,获得的S蛋白呈单一多肽,分子量为51500。氨基酸组分分析结果表明,S蛋白含有天门冬氨酸等15种氨基酸,其中丙氨酸等疏水性氨基酸占36.8％。生物学活性显示,S蛋白对Vero细胞有轻微的细胞毒性,但没有溶血性,对鲫鱼和小鼠也无致死作用。用自制的嗜水气单胞菌J-1株S蛋白抗血清PM及PR和国外提供的嗜水气单胞菌TF7株S蛋白抗血清PF1分别作免疫转印和间接ELISA,检测来源于不同地区和不同动物种类的20株嗜水气单胞菌的S蛋白。结果表明,S蛋白的抗原性存在着菌株间的差异。另外,某些菌株不具有S层。     

嗜水气单胞菌J-1株弹性蛋白酶的表达、纯化及特性分析

摘要：【目的】表达、纯化嗜水气单胞菌J-1株弹性蛋白酶,并对弹性蛋白酶的性质进行分析。【方法】以pET-32a为表达载体将弹性蛋白酶基因ahyB转化至大肠杆菌BL21菌株中进行诱导表达,表达重组酶用His TaqNi2+亲和层析柱纯化并用6 mol/L盐酸胍进行复性;利用硫酸铵分级沉淀、阴离子交换层析和分子筛层析对嗜水气单胞菌培养上清液中的弹性蛋白酶进行纯化。将【结果】从嗜水气单胞菌培养上清液中获得的弹性蛋白酶原酶的最适pH 为8.5,而表达重组酶为 10.0;对热的稳定性,原酶高于表达酶。两种形式酶的性     

嗜水气单胞菌HBNUAh01 外膜蛋白A 基因在烟草叶片细胞中的瞬时表达

【目的】从嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)HBNUAh01中克隆外膜蛋白A(outer membrane proteinA,ompA)基因并在烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)叶片细胞中瞬时表达该蛋白。【方法】以嗜水气单胞菌HBNUAh01为模板进行嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白A(AhompA)基因片段的PCR扩增,并将其克隆到pEASY-Blunt Simple载体中以进行测序。测序正确的AhompA基因序列与含有黄色荧光蛋白(yellow fluorescentprotein,YFP)基因的表达载体pCAMBIA1300构建重组表达载体。将该重组表达载体转化到农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)GV3101感受态细胞中,随后用阳性转化子转染烟草叶片细胞。使用激光扫描共聚焦成像系统(Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope)检测观察融合表达AhompA基因的黄色荧光蛋白并采用RT-PCR检测AhompA基因在烟草叶片中的转录情况。【结果】从嗜水气单胞菌HBNUAh01中克隆出大小为1032 bp的AhompA基因序列,并在烟草叶片中成功表达AhompA和YFP的融合蛋白。【结论】AhompA基因在烟草叶片细胞中的成功表达为进一步研究利用植物疫苗防治嗜水气单胞菌引起的水产动物疾病奠定了基础。     

Biological activity and identification of a peptide inhibitor of LuxS from Streptococcus suis serotype 2

The virulence of bacterial communities may be regulated by mechanisms involving the synthesis of the quorum-sensing signal autoinducer 2 (AI-2), which allows both intra- and interspecies communication. AI-2 is produced in bacteria that express the gene luxS . In the present study, expressed and purified LuxS from Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) was used to catalyze the substrate S -ribosylhomocysteine in a reaction that leads to the production of AI-2. The biological activity of the in vitro synthesized AI-2 was demonstrated in a Vibrio harveyi strain BB170 bioassay; real-time PCR results showed that biosynthesis of AI-2 can increase the virulence of SS2. Phage-encoded peptides that specifically interact with the LuxS enzyme were selected following three rounds of phage display. One such peptide inhibitor (TNRHNPHHLHHV) of LuxS was shown to partially inhibit the activity of the enzyme. Furthermore, 14 peptides containing the consensus sequence HSIR showed high affinity with LuxS. The selected and characterized specific inhibitor as well as the high-affinity ligands may facilitate the identification of new vaccination targets, opening up new approaches to the development of therapeutic drugs.     

The LuxS family of bacterial autoinducers: biosynthesis of a novel quorum-sensing signal molecule

Many bacteria control gene expression in response to cell population density, and this phenomenon is called quorum sensing. In Gram-negative bacteria, quorum sensing typically involves the production, release and detection of acylated homoserine lactone signalling molecules called autoinducers. Vibrio harveyi, a Gram-negative bioluminescent marine bacterium, regulates light production in response to two distinct autoinducers (AI-1 and AI-2). AI-1 is a homoserine lactone. The structure of AI-2 is not known. We have suggested previously that V. harveyi uses AI-1 for intraspecies communication and AI-2 for interspecies communication. Consistent with this idea, we have shown that many species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria produce AI-2 and, in every case, production of AI-2 is dependent on the function encoded by the luxS gene. We show here that LuxS is the AI-2 synthase and that AI-2 is produced from S-adenosylmethionine in three enzymatic steps. The substrate for LuxS is S-ribosylhomocysteine, which is cleaved to form two products, one of which is homocysteine, and the other is AI-2. In this report, we also provide evidence that the biosynthetic pathway and biochemical intermediates in AI-2 biosynthesis are identical in Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, V. harveyi, Vibrio cholerae and Enterococcus faecalis. This result suggests that, unlike quorum sensing via the family of related homoserine lactone autoinducers, AI-2 is a unique, 'universal' signal that could be used by a variety of bacteria for communication among and between species.     

Three parallel quorum-sensing systems regulate gene expression in Vibrio harveyi

In a process called quorum sensing, bacteria communicate using extracellular signal molecules termed autoinducers. Two parallel quorum-sensing systems have been identified in the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi. System 1 consists of the LuxM-dependent autoinducer HAI-1 and the HAI-1 sensor, LuxN. System 2 consists of the LuxS-dependent autoinducer AI-2 and the AI-2 detector, LuxPQ. The related bacterium, Vibrio cholerae, a human pathogen, possesses System 2 (LuxS, AI-2, and LuxPQ) but does not have obvious homologues of V. harveyi System 1. Rather, System 1 of V. cholerae is made up of the CqsA-dependent autoinducer CAI-1 and a sensor called CqsS. Using a V. cholerae CAI-1 reporter strain we show that many other marine bacteria, including V. harveyi, produce CAI-1 activity. Genetic analysis of V. harveyi reveals cqsA and cqsS, and phenotypic analysis of V. harveyi cqsA and cqsS mutants shows that these functions comprise a third V. harveyi quorum-sensing system that acts in parallel to Systems 1 and 2. Together these communication systems act as a three-way coincidence detector in the regulation of a variety of genes, including those responsible for bioluminescence, type III secretion, and metalloprotease production.     

Identification of a key amino acid of LuxS involved in AI-2 production in Campylobacter jejuni

Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) mediated quorum sensing has been associated with the expression of virulence factors in a number of pathogenic organisms and has been demonstrated to play a role in motility and cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) production in Campylobacter jejuni. We have initiated the work to determine the molecular basis of AI-2 synthesis and the biological functions of quorum sensing in C. jejuni. In this work, two naturally occurring variants of C. jejuni 81116 were identified, one producing high-levels of AI-2 while the other is defective in AI-2 synthesis. Sequence analysis revealed a G92D mutation in the luxS gene of the defective variant. Complementation of the AI-2(-) variant with a plasmid encoded copy of the wild-type luxS gene or reversion of the G92D mutation by site-directed mutagenesis fully restored AI-2 production by the variant. These results indicate that the G92D mutation alone is responsible for the loss of AI-2 activity in C. jejuni. Kinetic analyses showed that the G92D LuxS has a ～100-fold reduced catalytic activity relative to the wild-type enzyme. Findings from this study identify a previously undescribed amino acid that is essential for AI-2 production by LuxS and provide a unique isogenic pair of naturally occurring variants for us to dissect the functions of AI-2 mediated quorum sensing in Campylobacter.     

Assessment of the roles of LuxS, S-ribosyl homocysteine, and autoinducer 2 in cell attachment during biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e

LuxS is responsible for the production of autoinducer 2 (AI-2), which is involved in the quorum-sensing response of Vibrio harveyi. AI-2 is found in several other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and is therefore considered a good candidate for an interspecies communication signal molecule. In order to determine if this system is functional in the gastrointestinal pathogen Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e, an AI-2 bioassay was performed with culture supernatants. The results indicated that this bacterium produces AI-2 like molecules. A potential ortholog of V. harveyi luxS, lmo1288, was found by performing sequence similarity searches and complementation experiments with Escherichia coli DH5alpha, a luxS null strain. lmo1288 was found to be a functional luxS ortholog involved in AI-2 synthesis. Indeed, interruption of lmo1288 resulted in loss of the AI-2 signal. Although no significant differences were observed between Lux1 and EGD-e with regard to planktonic growth (at 10 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 42 degrees C), swimming motility, and phospholipase and hemolytic activity, biofilm culture experiments showed that under batch conditions between 25% and 58% more Lux1 cells than EGD-e cells were attached to the surface depending on the incubation time. During biofilm growth in continuous conditions after 48 h of culture, Lux1 biofilms were 17 times denser than EGD-e biofilms. Finally, our results showed that Lux1 accumulates more S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) and S-ribosyl homocysteine (SRH) in culture supernatant than the parental strain accumulates and that SRH, but not SAH or AI-2, is able to modify the number of attached cells.     

The impact of mutations in the quorum sensing systems of Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio harveyi on their virulence towards gnotobiotically cultured Artemia franciscana

Disruption of quorum sensing, bacterial cell-to-cell communication by means of small signal molecules, has been suggested as a new anti-infective strategy for aquaculture. However, data about the impact of quorum sensing on the virulence of aquatic pathogens are scarce. In this study, a model system using gnotobiotically cultured Artemia franciscana was developed in order to determine the impact of mutations in the quorum sensing systems of Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum and V. harveyi on their virulence. Mutations in the autoinducer 2 (AI-2) synthase gene luxS, the AI-2 receptor gene luxP or the response regulator gene luxO of the dual channel quorum sensing system of V. harveyi abolished virulence of the strain towards Artemia. Moreover, the addition of an exogenous source of AI-2 could restore the virulence of an AI-2 non-producing mutant. In contrast, none of the mutations in either the acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated component of the V. harveyi system or the quorum sensing systems of Ae. hydrophila and V. anguillarum had an impact on virulence of these bacteria towards Artemia. Our results indicate that disruption of quorum sensing could be a good alternative strategy to combat infections caused by V. harveyi.     

Purification, characterization and gene analysis of N-acetylglucosaminidase from Enterobacter sp. G-1.

Enterobacter sp. G-1 is a bacterium isolated previously as a chitinase-producing bacterium. We found this bacterium also produced N-acetylglucosaminidase and characterized that in this study. Extracellular N-acetylglucosaminidase of 92.0 kDa was purified near homogeneity by 8.57-fold from Enterobacter sp. G-1. The optimum temperature and the optimum pH of the purified N-acetylglucosaminidase was 45 degrees C and 6.0, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of 23 residues of N-acetylglucosaminidase was identified. Based on the N-terminal sequence, we amplified pieces of the DNA fragments by PCR. Using these PCR products as probes, we screened the genomic library and successfully isolated the entire N-acetylglucosaminidase gene (designated nag1) from Enterobacter sp. G-1. The nucleotide sequence of the nag1 gene was found to consist of 2,655 bp encoding a protein of 885 amino acid residues. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence from the nag1 gene found 97.3% identity with chitobiase from Serratia marcescens, 54.4% identity with N,N'-diacetylchitobiase from Vibrio harveyi, and 42.7% identity with N-acetylglucosaminidase (ExoI) from Vibrio furnissii. Enzymatic activity assay of N-acetylglucosaminidase indicated stronger activity toward PNP-GlcNAc than PNP-(GlcNAc)2 or PNP-(GlcNAc)3.