镧对鲤鱼五种组织超氧化物歧化酶同工酶及酶活性的影响

将鲤鱼暴露于不同浓度的氯化镧溶液120 d,研究稀土元素镧对鲤鱼脑、肝胰脏、肾、鳃、肌肉5种组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶及酶活性的长期影响,结果表明:镧对SOD的影响表现出一定的组织差异性.在实验浓度范围内(0.01～5 mg/L),镧对肝胰脏、鳃、肌肉SOD均有明显抑制作用,且与对照组相比相差显著或极显著(P< 0.05或P< 0.01),而脑、肾SOD活性与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05).同工酶电泳实验结果表明:镧能使鲤鱼肝胰脏、脑、肾、肌肉、鳃SOD酶带活性强弱发生明显变化,还能使肝胰脏SOD同工酶酶带缺失.     

饲料丙二醛对草鱼生长、肝胰脏及肠道结构和功能的影响

为了探讨丙二醛(MDA)对草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus(74.821.49) g生长、肝胰脏及肠道结构和功能的影响并初步对比MDA与其他油脂氧化产物的毒副作用, 本试验以新鲜豆油、低氧化程度的鱼油为饲料脂肪源, 制成豆油组(S组)、鱼油组(F组), 并在豆油组中喷涂不同浓度的MDA, 制成MDA水平为61.59 (M1组)、123.92 (M2组)、185.04 (M3组) mg/kg的5种等氮等能的试验饲料。经72d池塘网箱养殖后, 试验结果显示:(1)饲料中MDA及油脂其他氧化产物均可显著增加草鱼饲料系数(FCR) (P0.05), 显著降低特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质沉积率(PRR)(P0.05), MDA还可显著降低草鱼脂肪沉积率(LRR) (P0.05); (2)饲料中MDA及油脂其他氧化产物均可显著降低血清总胆汁酸(TBA)含量(P0.05), 并使血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、MDA含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活性显著上升(P0.05), 饲料中MDA还可显著增加血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)含量(P0.05), 显著降低血清高密度脂蛋白与低密度脂蛋白之比(HDL/LDL)、白蛋白与球蛋白之比(A/G)比值(P0.05); (3)饲料中MDA及油脂及其他氧化产物会显著增加肝胰脏脂肪(P0.05), 且MDA还会显著增加肝胰脏SOD含量(P0.05), 导致草鱼肝胰脏氧化应激; (4)饲料中MDA会损伤肝胰脏细胞线粒体, 降低细胞核数量, 使肝胰脏细胞有明显纤维化趋势; (5)饲料MDA及鱼油其他氧化产物均会引起草鱼肠道黏膜杯状细胞数量增加, 损伤肠道微绒毛, 并会损伤肠道紧密连接结构, 增加肠道通透性, 导致血清内毒素及D-乳酸含量显著增加(P0.05)。上述结果表明: (1)饲料MDA会引起草鱼鱼体应激, 并通过干扰正常胆汁酸循环来干扰草鱼对脂肪的消化吸收, 最终导致草鱼生长性能下降; (2)MDA会引起肝胰脏氧化应激, 并可通过损伤肝胰脏细胞线粒体内部结构来损伤草鱼肝胰脏, 增加其发生脂肪性肝炎机率, 而鱼油其他氧化产物则是通过影响线粒体膜结构改变线粒体形态来损伤肝胰脏; (3)饲料MDA及鱼油其他氧化产物均会损伤草鱼肠道绒毛和微绒毛来降低其消化吸收能力, 还可损伤肠道紧密连接结构, 增加肠道通透性。     

化学杂交剂诱导的小麦生理型雄性不育花药的活性氧代谢

以化学杂交剂SQ-1诱导的生理型小麦雄性不育及其对照植株花药为材料,研究了不同花粉发育时期花药中超氧阴离子(O-·2)生成速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及主要抗氧化酶活性的变化,以探明小麦花药活性氧代谢和生理型雄性不育的关系.结果表明,在幼穗时期,O-·2生成速率、H2O2和MDA含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均高于相应对照,而过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则低于或显著低于对照;在单核早期以及花粉败育主要发生期(单核后期和二核初期),O-·2生成速率、H2O2和MDA含量极显著高于对照,而SOD、POD、CAT和APX酶活性却极显著低于对照;在败育后的花药中,O-·2生成速率和H2O2含量与对照之间差异幅度缩小,但MDA含量依然加大,同期的几种抗氧化酶活性依然极显著低于对照.在败育的关键期,品种'西农1376'处理株花药的活性氧升高幅度比'西农2611'处理株较大,抗氧化酶活性降低幅度也较大,且'西农1376'处理株的相对雄性不育率也较高.可见,化学杂交剂SQ-1能诱导小麦花药中O-·2和H2O2大量积累以及SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性的极显著降低,引起花粉关键败育期花药活性氧代谢严重失衡和严重膜脂过氧化,导致大量花粉母细胞发育受到严重抑制,最终造成小麦生理型雄性不育.     

锌钼营养对苦瓜产量、叶片多胺、激素含量与活性氧代谢的影响

苦瓜(株洲长白Momordica charantia cv．Zhuzhou Changbai)叶片喷施硫酸锌和钼酸钠均可显著增加苦瓜产量,提高叶片多胺(PAs)、抗坏血酸(ASA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,减少脱落酸(ABA)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和自动氧化速率(AOR),从而抑制膜脂过氧化,延缓叶片衰老。苦瓜产量与叶片IAA、GA3、PAs、SOD、POD、CAT呈极显著正相关,而与MDA、AOR、ABA呈极显著负相关,叶片MDA含量与ABA、AOR呈极显著正相关,而与PAs、IAA、GA3、SOD、POD、CAT呈显著负相关。     

叶黄素酯对四氧嘧啶所致小鼠氧化损伤的保护性研究

目的研究万寿菊花中提取的叶黄素酯体内对四氧嘧啶所致的小鼠氧化损伤的影响。方法采用分光光度法测定模型组肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷脱甘肽（GSH）、血清中天门冬氨酶氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、肝糖原,脑、心脏、股四头肌SOD、MDA的活性。结果叶黄素酯可抑制由于氧化损伤所致的小鼠肝SOD、MDA、CAT、GSH和血清中AST、AIJT的异常升高;降低脑、心脏、股四头肌SOD、MDA水平;降低血糖,提高肝糖元水平。结论叶黄素可通过影响组织、血清中相关酶活性而对四氧嘧啶所致的小鼠氧化损伤有一定的保护作用。     

红葡萄酒对大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶和脂质过氧化的影响

选用雄性SD大鼠,分别灌胃红葡萄酒、酒精及水。实验90 d中每隔30 d处死一批动物,测定大鼠肝脏匀浆组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px)活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(Malondialdehyde MDA)含量变化。观察摄入红葡萄酒后大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性变化及对肝脏脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明,红葡萄酒能提高SOD活性,且SOD活性与灌胃时间、剂量有一定关系;长期红葡萄酒和酒精摄入可诱导CAT活性增强,加剧肝脏的脂质过氧化(LPO)作用;红葡萄酒组、酒精组0.63、1.25 g/kg剂量GSH-Px活性均明显升高(P<0.05),酒精组1.88 g/kg剂量有极显著性差异(P<0.01);试验初期,红葡萄酒大剂量显著降低肝脏中MDA的含量。试验中期,红葡萄酒中大剂量显著降低MDA含量。试验末期,红葡萄酒大剂量和酒精中大剂量显著升高肝脏中MDA含量。     

珙桐种子休眠解除和萌发过程中主要抗氧化酶活性和代谢产物含量的变化

珙桐(Davidia involucrata Baill.)种子在休眠解除和萌发过程中,主要的抗氧化酶和代谢产物在有效清除活性氧和保证种子活力方面具有重要作用。研究以马边自然保护区采集的珙桐种子为研究对象,对其从休眠解除进入萌发阶段过程中的主要抗氧化酶的活性和代谢产物含量进行测定和分析。结果显示:层积初期,过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性均上升,但总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)下降。可溶性蛋白质(Pr)下降而抗坏血酸(Vc)、游离氨基酸(FAA)含量增大;层积中期,SOD活性和T-AOC呈先升高后下降的变化趋势。尽管CAT和GR活性下降,但POD活性保持较高的水平;层积后期,SOD和CAT活性较低,POD、GR活性和T-AOC,FAA和Vc含量整体呈上升趋势;萌发阶段,各抗氧化酶活性均有显著增加(P0.05),Vc和FAA含量显著增加,Pr含量降低。研究结果表明,珙桐种子可以通过各抗氧化酶活性(POD,CAT,SOD和GR)和代谢产物(Pr,FAA和Vc)间的相互作用,在种子休眠解除和萌发过程中先后有效地消除活性氧对细胞结构完整性的影响,并促进珙桐种子的形态和生理后熟,从而保证种子顺利萌发。     

不同浓度阿维菌素对鲤鱼过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性的影响

采用半静态水质接触染毒法,研究不同浓度(0、3.2、5.6、7.5、10.0和18.0μg.-1)阿维菌素对鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)肝胰脏和肌肉过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)活性的影响。结果表明:除3.2μg.L-1浓度对CAT和GSTs活性无显著影响外,其余各浓度的阿维菌素均对鲤鱼组织中CAT和GSTs产生显著影响,总体表现为低浓度诱导,高浓度先诱导后抑制;5.6和7.5μg.L-1浓度组的肌肉CAT活性与对照组相比无显著差异,肝胰脏CAT活性以及肌肉和肝胰脏GSTs活性均显著升高;10.0和18.0μg.L-1浓度组的肌肉和肝胰脏中CAT、GSTs活性先显著升高,随后又显著下降;解除污染胁迫10d,18.0μg.L-1浓度组的肝胰脏中酶活性不能恢复到正常水平,其余各组与对照无显著差异,说明高浓度阿维菌素暴露可能对鲤鱼机体造成不可逆损伤;阿维菌素暴露浓度与其对鲤鱼肝胰脏和肌肉CAT、GSTs活性抑制率之间具有显著的剂量-效应关系,可以考虑将其作为水体中阿维菌素类药物污染的生物标志物;同时,由于鲤鱼受污染胁迫时肌肉CAT、GSTs活性变化的显著性均远低于肝胰脏,因此当考虑...     

成花光敏感的雌雄性不育苎麻活性氧代谢研究

为研究成花光敏感雌雄不育苎麻(Floral initiation photo-sensitive male and female sertile ramie,SMSFS)的败育与活性氧代谢的关系,对SMSFS及其回复突变株SMSFS(R)花器官的活性氧(ROS)清除酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量测定．结果表明：SMSFS蕾的过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性明显高于可育株SMSFS(R),而膜脂过氧化产物MDA的含量低于SMSFS(R);与蕾期相比,败育期SMSFS雌雄花除POD活性有所上升,而SOD和CAT活性则显著下降,MDA含量升高并高于开花期可育株．可见活性氧代谢的失衡引起了的膜脂过氧化,与SMSFS雌雄性败育明显相关．     

稀土元素对鲤鱼肝胰脏多种酶及MDA含量的影响

目的：探究稀土元素对鱼类肝胰脏抗氧化性及淀粉酶的长期影响。方法：将鲤鱼暴露于0.01、0.1、2、5mg/L的La^3＋溶液中120d,研究分析了La^3＋对鲤鱼肝胰脏POD和SOD活性,MDA含量及SOD和AMY同工酶的影响。结果：表明0.01、0.1、2、5mg/LLa^3＋组与对照组相比,镧对肝胰脏中MDA含量影响不显著,对SOD和POD的活性却表现出了显著抑制（p〈0.05或p〈0.01）。同工酶电泳实验结果表明：鲤鱼肝胰脏SOD酶带,对照组有3条,但处理组各有1条,且酶带亮度弱于对照;0.01、0.1mg/L组La^3＋导致AMY酶带亮度较对照组明显增强,且新增1条酶带。但2、5mg/L组,镧对AMY同工酶影响并不显著。结论：La^3＋能使肝胰脏SOD、POD活性减弱,能使SOD、AMY同工酶酶谱发生显著变化。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.