正交实验法优化极长钝顶螺旋藻多糖提取分离条件研究

目的:为研究螺旋藻最佳提取条件.方法:采用单因次试验和正交试验法考察提取时间、次数、温度和乙醇浓度对于多糖提取的影响.结果:确定了螺旋藻多糖的最佳提取工艺是温度80℃、时间3 h、提取次数2次和乙醇浓度为75%.结论:发现温度显著影响多糖提取率,而高浓度乙醇能提高得率.     

两种方法提取香菇多糖的比较研究

采用正交试验比较研究热水浸提法和微波提取法提取香菇多糖。热水浸提法的最佳工艺为:提取温度70℃、提取时间4h、料液比1∶15,提取率3.243%;微波提取法的最佳工艺为:微波功率560W、微波处理时间60s、料液比1∶10,提取率4.771%。微波提取法效率高、时间短,是理想的香菇多糖提取方法。     

Two Extraction Methods of Lentinan Polysaccharide

采用正交试验比较研究热水浸提法和微波提取法提取香菇多糖.热水浸提法的最佳工艺为:提取温度70℃、提取时间4h、料液比1∶15,提取率3.243 ％;微波提取法的最佳工艺为:微波功率560W、微波处理时间60 s、料液比1∶10,提取率4.771％.微波提取法效率高、时间短,是理想的香菇多糖提取方法.     

响应面优化超声辅助提取香菇多糖的工艺研究(英文)

为确定香菇多糖的最佳提取工艺,利用响应面分析法对香菇多糖的提取工艺进行优化。在单因素实验的基础上,以超声时间、超声功率、浸提温度和浸提时间为响应因素,多糖提取得率为响应值,根据正交旋转组合试验设计原理进行四因素三水平的响应面分析。实验结果表明,采用超声功率174.94 W,超声时间为18.94min,在80.71℃下提取3.01 h,得到的香菇多糖提取率最高,为9.61%。当香菇多糖的浓度为3 mg/mL,其·OH清除率为52.1%。     

酶解法提取黄芩中黄芩素的工艺研究

本文对黄芩药材中黄芩苷的酶解条件和黄芩素的提取工艺进行研究,以样品中黄芩素的含量为指标,采用正交实验对影响酶解的温度、时间和药材粒度进行考察;以黄芩素的提取率为指标,经正交实验优选乙醇浓度、用量、回流次数和时间。得出如下较理想的酶解条件和提取工艺:黄芩药材粉碎至10~20目,加水6倍,于60℃保温10 h;酶解后的黄芩药材加8倍量70%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1 h。黄芩素的提取率大于70%,工艺稳定可行。     

黄花菜多糖的提取工艺及含量测定

采用单因子试验和L9（33）正交试验设计对水浴提取黄花菜多糖的最佳工艺条件进行了优化,并对苯酚—硫酸法测定黄花菜多糖作了修正。结果表明：提取黄花菜多糖的最佳工艺条件为：温度80℃、浸提6h、料液比1∶15时,黄花菜多糖的提取率最高,多糖含量为2.68%。并以此计算出苯酚—硫酸法葡萄糖标准曲线测黄花菜多糖的换算因子为4.2。     

有柄石韦中多糖提取工艺的优化

通过正交试验对有柄石韦中多糖提取工艺进行研究,为有柄石韦的深入开发利用提供基础材料。以多糖得率为指标,通过单因素和正交试验,对有柄石韦中多糖提取的工艺参数进行优化。超声时间、超声温度、料液比、水浴温度在多糖提取中影响因素的大小顺序为:提取时间温度料液比。有柄石韦中多糖提取最佳工艺参数组合为:超声温度40℃,提取时间60 min,料水比1∶8 g/mL,水浴时间130 min。以苯酚-硫酸法测定有柄石韦中多糖的提取率,方法可行,稳定。     

响应面分析应用于抗病毒药物香菇多糖酯化工艺的优化

目的:应用响应面分析法(RSM)优化香菇多糖酯化的工艺,确定最佳酯化条件.方法:利用Design Expert软件的中心组合设计法对香菇多糖酯化条件进行了优化,并利用响应面分析法对主要影响因素进行了回归分析,主要考察脂肪酶添加量,反应时间和反应温度对酯化效果的影响.结果:得到了各因素的最佳水平值,即酶加量为0.069g,反应时间为11.92h,反应温度为40.4℃,在模拟优化的条件下,酯化后滴定所消耗NaOH量为36.60ml.结论:将在此条件下酯化的香菇多糖测定红外光谱,证实有酯键生成.     

响应面法优化酶法提取枸杞多糖的研究

选用响应面法优化及正交实验法进行淀粉酶提取枸杞多糖实验设计及分析。通过单因素实验后,正交实验确定淀粉酶酶解提取枸杞多糖的最佳条件为:pH=5.0,温度50℃,时间80 min,加酶量为0.5%,枸杞多糖提取率12.1%;响应面分析确定淀粉酶酶解提取枸杞多糖的最佳条件为酶解温度49.56℃、酶解时间140 min、酶浓度0.3%,枸杞多糖提取率为13.25%。酶法提取枸杞多糖比传统热水浸提提高了枸杞多糖的提取率,反应条件温和,而且通过响应面法进行实验设计和优化比正交实验法能得到更高的枸杞多糖提取率。     

桑黄菌丝体粗多糖的提取方法研究

采用正交试验设计,以桑黄菌丝体粗多糖含量为考察指标,用苯酚—硫酸法,分别确定了热水浸提法、微波辅助提取法和超声提取法的最佳工艺。通过极差分析得出:热水浸提法的最优工艺为浸提时间3 h、浸提3次、液料质量比50∶1、浸提温度90℃,粗多糖提取率为2.10%;微波提取法的最优工艺为微波处理15 min、液料质量比50∶1、提取3次,提取率为4.18%;超声提取法的最优工艺为超声30 min、提取2次、液料质量比60∶1、温度60℃、频率60 Hz,提取率为3.02%。微波辅助法与热水浸提法相比,时间缩短,且提取率提高近1倍;与超声提取法相比,时间缩短1/2,但提取率提高40%。因此,微波辅助提取法速度更快、提取效率更高、操作更简便,优于其他2种方法。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.