碳酸氢盐处理下桑树和构树的生长、光合和抗逆性差异

为探究喀斯特生境中,在碳酸氢盐的胁迫下HCO^-₃对植株生长及生理特性的影响,该文以构树和桑树幼苗为研究对象,对不同浓度NaHCO₃溶液(0、15、30 mmol·L^-1)处理下植株的生长情况、光合能力、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量和细胞膜系统损伤情况进行研究。结果表明:(1)在HCO^-₃处理下,构树和桑树的生长和光合能力均受到抑制,叶片细胞内均发生显著的抗氧化和抗渗透胁迫生理响应。(2)HCO^-₃对构树和桑树生长的抑制作用与其浓度有关,并有显著差异性(P<0.05)。(3)30 mmol·L^-1 HCO^-₃处理对植株生长、光合、抗氧化酶系统和渗透调节系统的抑制作用以及植物细胞的损伤情况要显著强于15 mmol·L^-1 HCO^-₃处理的效果。(4)同等浓度的HCO^-₃处理下,构树的生长、光合能力、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量显著高于桑树,其叶片细胞损伤情况显著低于桑树。综上结果均表明,构树对碳酸氢盐胁迫的耐受能力要优于桑树。该研究为阐明桑科植物对喀斯特环境适应机制提供科学支撑。     

增铵营养对小麦光合作用及硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶的影响

采用水培试验研究不同形态氮营养(NH4^+／NO3^-分别为0／100、50／50和100／0)对小麦光合作用及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响．结果表明,增铵营养较单—NO₃^-营养显著提高叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率及可溶性糖含量,叶、根中可溶性蛋白质含量和叶片硝酸还原酶活性。而对谷铵酰胺合成酶活性影响较小．与单—NO₃^-营养相比。增氨营养下叶片较高的可溶性糖含量与净光合速率的提高相关。而维持较高的叶片和根系可溶性糖／可溶性蛋白质比例有利于氮同化和生长．因此,增铵营养下提高了叶片净光合速率、可溶性糖含量和硝酸还原酶活性。维持较高叶片和根系可溶性糖／蛋白质比例。从而促进小麦生长．     

氮添加对戴云山黄山松林土壤有机氮解聚酶活性的影响及其调控因素

解聚作用是控制土壤有机氮矿化和氮素有效性供应的关键,然而氮沉降对亚热带森林土壤有机氮解聚作用的影响机制尚不明确。以福建戴云山黄山松林为研究对象,设置对照（CT）、低氮（LN）和高氮（HN）3个氮添加水平,进行为期2年的氮沉降模拟试验。通过分析土壤化学性质、微生物生物量和土壤8种有机氮解聚酶活性的变化,探究土壤有机氮解聚作用响应氮沉降的机理过程。结果表明：短期氮添加显著增加0-10 cm和10-20 cm土层矿质氮含量,并显著增加了10-20 cm土层微生物生物量碳（MBC）的含量。同时,0-10 cm土壤锰过氧化物酶活性随氮添加量增加而显著提高,HN处理下土壤漆酶活性显著高于LN和CT;10-20 cm土壤的酸性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和漆酶活性均随氮添加量增加而显著提高,但是谷氨酰胺酶活性变化相反。冗余分析表明两个土层有机氮解聚酶活性影响因素不同,土壤硝态氮（NO₃^--N）是0-10 cm土层有机氮解聚酶活性的主要影响因素,而10-20 cm土层有机氮解聚酶活性由NO₃^--N和MBC共同影响。综上所述,亚热带黄山松林土壤不同有机氮解聚酶对氮添加的响应不一致,主要受土壤NO₃^--N和MBC调节。该研究有助于拓宽土壤氮循环对氮沉降的响应机理,同时对维持土壤有效氮含量和提高黄山松生态系统生产力具有重要意义。     

喀斯特不同土地利用方式和恢复模式对土壤酶活性C:N:P比值的影响

为探究喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式和生态恢复模式对土壤酶活性及其碳(C):氮(N):磷(P)比值的影响,该文在广西环江县的中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站长期定位观测试验地选取了3种土地利用方式 [退化干扰地、牧草地和果树(枇杷)林地]和4种恢复模式(常绿乔木林、落叶乔木林、常绿落叶混交林和自然恢复林)作为研究对象,分析了4种土壤酶 [β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、β-1,4-N-乙酰葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)]的活性和C:N:P比值变化与土壤生态因子之间的关系。结果表明:(1)恢复模式土壤的4种酶活性均高于土地利用方式。在不同土地利用方式中,牧草地4种酶的活性、C:P和N:P比值高于其他两种土地利用方式; 在不同恢复模式中,落叶乔木林的βG和ALP酶活性显著高于自然恢复林和常绿乔木林,常绿乔木林的NAG酶活性显著高于其他3种恢复模式,而落叶乔木林的酶活性C:P比值和常绿落叶混交林的酶活性N:P比值均显著低于其他3种恢复模式。另外,酶活性计量比值矢量角度分析显示,所有土地利用和恢复模式受磷限制。(2)4种酶活性均与土壤有机碳(SOC)、铵态氮(NH⁺₄-N)和硝态氮(NO₃^--N)含量呈显著正相关,与全磷(TP)含量呈显著负相关; βG酶活性与速效磷(AP)含量呈显著正相关,ALP酶活性与全氮(TN)含量呈显著正相关。(3)冗余分析(RDA)显示,土壤TP、NH⁺₄-N、NO₃^--N和AP含量分别解释了土壤酶活性和C:N:P比值变化的38.3%、9.5%、9.3%和8.0%。综上认为,喀斯特不同土地利用和恢复模式中土壤磷限制普遍存在,意味着土地利用开发和恢复过程中磷的赋存和转化是土壤质量改善的重点。另外,牧草地、常绿落叶混交林和落叶乔木林相对于其他土地利用和恢复模式具有较高的土壤酶活性和C:P比值以及AP含量,表明牧草和落叶植物可能对喀斯特土地利用和生态恢复过程中土壤质量改善有积极作用。     

盐氮处理下盐地碱蓬种子成熟过程中的离子积累和种子萌发特性

研究了盐氮处理条件下盐地碱蓬种子成熟过程中的离子积累以及种子萌发特性,以理解盐地碱蓬在种子发育及萌发过程中对高盐低氮生境的适应性。结果表明,种子成熟过程中,不同浓度盐氮处理下(0.5和5 mmol/L NO₃^--N;1和500 mmol/L NaCl),与果皮和果枝相比, 胚中Na⁺、K⁺、Cl^- 和NO₃^-离子含量几乎没有变化。所有盐氮处理下Na⁺ 和Cl^-都是果皮和果枝中高于胚中,尤其是在高盐处理下。高盐处理下,K⁺ 和NO₃^-含量呈现相反的趋势。高氮时无论高盐还是低盐,果皮中NO₃^-离子含量高于胚中,而果枝中NO₃^-离子含量低于胚中。而低氮时果皮及果枝中NO₃^-离子含量均显著低于胚中。与高氮环境下收获的种子相比,低氮环境下收获的种子萌发率,萌发指数,活力指数都要明显高。上述结果说明,盐地碱蓬种子成熟过程中存在完善的离子调控机制,保护胚免受Na⁺ 和Cl^-等有害离子的伤害并且促进K⁺ 和NO₃^-等营养离子的积累。低NO₃^--N下收获的种子对外界的NO₃^-含量比较敏感,施以较高浓度的NO₃^-能够促进种子萌发,提高萌发指数和活力指数,可能与盐地碱蓬长期适应高盐低氮生境有关。     

氮素形态对杉木幼苗侧根生长和叶片光合特性的影响

以3月龄的杉木实生苗为试验材料,分析了不同氮素形态——硝态氮(NO₃^- N)、铵态氮(NH4⁺ N)和硝酸铵(NH₄NO₃)(氮素浓度均为3 mmol·L^-1)对杉木幼苗侧根生长、叶片光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响,以揭示杉木幼苗对不同形态氮的偏好性,以及不同形态氮肥下杉木幼苗侧根生长和光合生理的响应特征,为杉木苗期氮肥管理提供理论依据。结果显示：(1)不同氮素形态对杉木幼苗地上部和侧根生物量具有显著影响,其中NH₄⁺ N处理下幼苗地上部和侧根生物量最大,NO₃^- N处理次之,而NH₄NO₃处理最小。(2)NH₄⁺ N和NO₃^- N处理下杉木幼苗总根长、根系总表面积和根系总体积均显著高于NH₄NO₃处理(P＜0.05),且NH₄⁺ N处理又显著高于NO₃^- N处理,但不同氮形态处理间侧根数量差异不显著。(3)NH₄⁺ N处理下杉木幼苗叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率明显高于NO₃^- N和NH₄NO₃处理,但NO₃^- N和NH₄NO₃处理之间无明显差异。(4)NH₄⁺ N处理下杉木叶片初始荧光强度低于NO₃^- N处理,而最大荧光强度、可变荧光强度和PSⅡ潜在活性却高于全硝氮和硝铵氮处理。上述结果表明,NH₄⁺ N处理不仅有利于杉木幼苗侧根生长发育,且其叶片具有较强的光合能力,较高的PSⅡ中心稳定性、光化学活性以及电子传递效率,从而更有利于植株生长。因此,从根系生长和光合特性来看,杉木幼苗对铵态氮具有偏好性。     

岩溶环境因子对细菌胞外碳酸酐酶表达及活性的影响*

以从西南岩溶生态系统分离出的一株细菌(编号GLRT102Ca)为例,研究了温度、pH、金属离子和阴离子等主要岩溶环境因子对其胞外碳酸酐酶(CA)表达及活性的影响。结果显示,在实验温度(10℃~50℃)和pH(5·5~9·0)范围内,实验菌株均能表达出不同程度的胞外CA活性,其中20℃~30℃以及中性偏碱性条件下的胞外酶活性较高。钙、镁、锌、钴等4种金属离子以及SO₄^2-、H₂PO₄^-、NO相似文献   

亚硒酸钠对巨噬细胞内游离Ca2+和Mg2+的影响

用单细胞阳离子测定系统研究了SeO^2-₃对巨噬细胞内游离Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的影响.实验结果表明:SeO^2-₃高于10^-4mol/L时,有显著的细胞毒性.SeO^2-₃对细胞的毒性作用使细胞内游离Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的浓度升高但Ca²⁺浓度的升高速率比Mg²⁺快.还有,高于10^-4mol/L的SeO^2-₃对红细胞膜上的Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性有明显抑制作用.     

柠条锦鸡儿生物量分配规律与异速生长对氮、磷添加的响应

氮（N）和磷（P）元素在生态系统的结构和功能、稳定性、服务价值和可持续发展中起着关键作用。但自工业革命以来，全球气候变化受人类活动影响愈加剧烈。气候变化不同程度的影响干旱和半干旱区的氮磷循环过程，进而改变植物个体生物量积累以及植被生产力。因此，探究荒漠植物的生物量积累与分配规律对氮、磷添加的响应机制，有助于深入理解干旱区植物应对大气氮磷沉降等气候变化的适应策略。以荒漠植物柠条锦鸡儿（Caragana korshinskii Kom.，以下简称柠条）为研究对象，通过养分添加控制实验研究柠条地上/地下生物量的积累和分配，揭示其异速生长规律。实验包括3种形态的氮素添加（NH₄⁺、NH₄NO₃、NO₃^-）和1种磷素添加（H₂PO₄^-），分别对应4个浓度梯度（4 g/m²、8 g/m²、16 g/m²和32 g/m²）。结果表明，NO₃^-添加对柠条生物量有显著影响，但不同浓度对柠条生物量的影响无显著差异；单独的NH₄⁺添加对柠条地上/地下部分生长都具有显著抑制作用，且抑制作用与添加浓度呈显著的正相关关系；NH₄NO₃添加初期对柠条地上/地下生物量均具有促进作用，但这种促进作用会随着柠条生长和后期NH₄NO₃添加浓度的增加而消失；高浓度NH₄NO₃添加量（32 g/m²）会抑制柠条的生长。低浓度（4 g/m²、8 g/m²）外源氮添加会使柠条的生物量主要优先配给地下部分；磷添加则会使柠条的生物量分配策略向地上部分倾斜。综上所述，研究结果表明柠条改变地上和地下的生物量分配策略以响应氮或/和磷沉降。这一结论不仅增强了我们对植物生长策略的认识，而且有助于我们揭示全球气候变化条件下干旱地区土壤与植物之间的氮、磷循环和转化。     

线虫群落对抚顺煤矸石山周边土壤可溶性盐污染的响应

于2006年5月对抚顺西露天矿西舍场煤矸石山周边的次生盐渍化样地进行可溶性盐含量和土壤线虫调查,经淘洗-过筛-离心漂浮法提取土壤线虫,应用线虫多样性指数和功能类群指数研究该区域土壤线虫群落的特征及差异。研究结果表明,抚顺西露天矿西舍场矸石山周围环境受到了煤矸石风化产生的以硫酸钠为主的可溶性盐污染, 但污染程度不高,土壤整体健康状况良好;共鉴定出线虫29属,其中Acrobeloides、Cervidellus 和Mesorhabtidis为优势属,随采样点距矸石山距离的增加线虫优势属也有所变化;研究区域中食细菌线虫和植物寄生线虫的绝对丰度高于食真菌线虫和捕食-杂食线虫的绝对丰度;土壤pH、矿化度、HCO₃^-、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-与线虫生态指数间存在显著相关关系。因此,通过开展线虫群落对土壤可溶性盐污染的响应研究,能为促进土壤生态系统健康发展提供科学依据。     

Acclimation of photosynthesis to supersaturated CO2 in aquatic plant bicarbonate users

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NON-PHOTOSYNTHETIC FIXATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL ROLES IN HIGHER PLANTS

1. Non-photosynthetic fixation of CO₂/HCO₃^- occurs both under light and dark conditions and involve the addition of carbon to substrates which in higher plants are derived originally from carbon reduced to carbohydrates during photosynthesis. Despite the endergonic nature of these carboxylations, the advantages offered seem to be sufficient to outweigh the disadvantages of energy loss. 2. Non-photosynthetic carbon incorporation into metabolism is dealt mainly in relation to PEP carboxylase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase while other carboxylases await further characterization or discovery. The extent to which a carboxylase participates depends upon the need for products of its activity in metabolism. 3. Non-photosynthetic carbon fixation is intricately involved in several pathways of metabolism throughout the ontogeny of plants. The roles in relation to leaf carbon metabolism, respiratory metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, lipid and isoprenoid biosynthesis, purine and pyrimidine metabolism and metabolism associated with the action of growth regulators have been described. The fixation reactions appear to be largely concerned with the production of intermediary metabolites, circumvention of energy barriers in metabolism and regulation of plant metabolism. In addition, the activity of PEP carboxylase is involved in ionic balance and pH-stat. 4. Malate derived by way of PEP carboxylase and NAD-malate dehydrogenase acts as an effective osmoticum and a counter-ion for K⁺ accumulation in actively growing plant cells. In addition, malate may enter the TCA cycle or can be decarboxylated by cytoplasmic NADP-malic enzyme converting NADH to NADPH. Wherever it has been sought in different plant tissues, some evidence for PEP carboxylase and metabolism of malate has always been found. 5. Almost every plant process spanning from seed development and germination to flowering and fruit-set requires the essential participation of non-photosynthetic carbon fixation in regulating certain metabolic and cellular functions but it does not contribute in a major way to the carbon nutrition of plants. It is largely the tissue type that appears to determine which of the roles is predominant at any one time.     

贵州喀斯特森林三种植物对不同坡位环境的光合生理响应

该研究以贵州普定喀斯特森林中、下坡位生长的构树( Broussonetia papyrifera)、朴树( Celtis sinensis)和光滑悬钩子( Rubus tsangii)为材料,通过对碳酸酐酶( CA)活性、光合作用日变化、净光合速率对CO2与光的响应曲线、叶绿素荧光特性以及稳定碳同位素组成等指标的测定,进而对比分析三种植物不同的光合生理响应特性。结果表明：构树光合作用过程的无机碳源既可来自大气中的CO2,也可以在气孔部分闭合的情况下利用细胞内的HCO3－,下坡位的构树较高的CA活性使其利用HCO3－的效率会更高,并能在较低光强下具有较高的光能利用效率。这可能与下坡位的构树具有较高的CA活性有关,对下坡位具有更好的适应性。朴树光合无机碳的同化能力最低,且光合无机碳源较单一,主要利用大气CO2,其较慢的生长速率使其对无机碳的需求最低,且能保持较稳定的无机碳同化速率。相对来说,中坡位的朴树具有相对较高的净光合速率和光能利用效率,对中坡位表现出较好的适应性。光滑悬钩子主要利用大气中的CO2进行光合作用。中坡位的光滑悬钩子具有较强的光能利用效率,并表现出较高的净光合速率,光滑悬钩子对中坡位同样表现出较好的适应性。该研究结果为喀斯特生态脆弱区植被重建过程中树种的选择及合理配置提供了科学依据。     

The Uptake of Free CO2 and HCO3- during Photosynthesis of Plankton Algae with Special Reference to the Coccolithophorid Coccolithus huxleyi

From a re-evaluation of experiments with the coccolithophorid Coccolithus hurleyi made by Paasche (1964), curves are presented showing the rate of photosynthesis as a function of the concentration of both free CO₂ and bicarbonate CO₂. It is shown that photosynthesis in a naked clone is due only to the uptake of free CO₂. The problem concerning the high concentration of free CO₂ necessary for photosynthesis in Coccolithus huxleyi is discussed. It is shown that it is not due to lack of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Hence it is probable that the formation of coccoliths is the mechanism by which, in Coccolithus, the utilization of HCO₃^- ions in photosynthesis becomes possible. The OH^- ions produced during photosynthesis (₊Ca²⁺ taken up together with the HCO₃^- ions) are thus neutralized. This situation is different from other aquatics utilizing HCO₃^- in photosynthesis. Here the OH^- ions are neutralized via an ion exchange of Ca²⁺ with H⁺ in the surrounding medium.     

缺锌和HCO_3~-处理对诸葛菜和油菜有机酸特征的影响

以诸葛菜和油菜为材料,水培环境下设置4个不同的缺锌和碳酸氢根离子胁迫处理,分别为+Zn0(含Zn且不加HCO3-的处理组),+Zn10(含Zn且加10 mmol·L-1HCO3-的处理组),-Zn0(缺Zn且不加HCO3-的处理组)和-Zn10(缺Zn且加10 mmol·L-1HCO3-的处理组),利用离子色谱法分析了4个处理的两种植物幼苗器官(根、茎、叶)及根系分泌物中的有机酸特征。结果表明:(1)高浓度碳酸氢根离子处理显著增加了两种植物器官及根系分泌的有机酸总量,尤其是在缺锌和高浓度碳酸氢根离子双重胁迫下(-Zn10处理),诸葛菜器官和根系分泌的有机酸比油菜更敏感,草酸、柠檬酸和苹果酸是诸葛菜器官和根系分泌物中的优势酸,这三种有机酸的含量分别占其有机酸总量的75%及以上;(2)叶片是两种植物有机酸产生的主要器官,有机酸的含量和分配比例从地上部分(叶和茎)到地下部分(根)减少;(3)两种植物器官和根系分泌物中的有机酸变化趋势一致,叶片中有机酸主要来源于暗呼吸过程和光呼吸过程,其他器官和根系分泌物中的有机酸主要来源于暗呼吸过程;(4)诸葛菜对缺锌和高浓度碳酸氢根离子的适应能力强于油菜,为诸葛菜的喀斯特适生性和低锌和高浓度碳酸氢根离子环境(如喀斯特环境)的生态修复提供了理论依据。     

Carbonate ions appear to neither inhibit nor stimulate use of bicarbonate ions in photosynthesis by Ulva lactuca

Rates of photosynthesis by the marine macroalga Ulva lactuca were measured in a factorial experiment at five concentrations of HCO₃^? and CO₃^2- between 0·20 and 1·26 mol m^?3, but very low concentrations of CO₂. The results demonstrated that HCO₃^? was available for use, but an analysis of variance showed that CO₃^2- had neither an inhibiting nor a stimulating effect on rates of photosynthesis over this concentration range. Over the experiment, pH varied from 8·46 to 10·06 and this also had no significant effect on rates of photosynthesis. The lack of a stimulatory effect of high concentrations of CO₃^2- on the rate of photosynthesis at low concentrations of HCO₃^? was taken as circumstantial evidence for direct uptake of HCO₃^? rather than proton extrusion and external production of CO₂. In the rockpools in which U. lactuca grows, pH values up to 10·35 have been recorded, and for much of the time, CO₃^2- was the major form of inorganic carbon available. The apparent lack of an ability to use CO₃^2- under these conditions suggests that direct use of CO₃^2- as a source of inorganic carbon for photosynthesis is unlikely to be widespread.     

New insights into the cellular mechanisms of plant growth at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO₂]) significantly influences plant growth, development, and biomass. Increased photosynthesis rate, together with lower stomatal conductance, has been identified as the key factors that stimulate plant growth at elevated [CO₂] (e[CO₂]). However, variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance alone cannot fully explain the dynamic changes in plant growth. Stimulation of photosynthesis at e[CO₂] is always associated with post‐photosynthetic secondary metabolic processes that include carbon and nitrogen metabolism, cell cycle functions, and hormonal regulation. Most studies have focused on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in response to e[CO₂], despite the emerging evidence of e[CO₂]'s role in moderating secondary metabolism in plants. In this review, we briefly discuss the effects of e[CO₂] on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and then focus on the changes in other cellular mechanisms and growth processes at e[CO₂] in relation to plant growth and development. Finally, knowledge gaps in understanding plant growth responses to e[CO₂] have been identified with the aim of improving crop productivity under a CO₂ rich atmosphere.     

Plastic and genetic responses of a common sedge to warming have contrasting effects on carbon cycle processes

Climate warming affects plant physiology through genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity, but little is known about how these mechanisms influence ecosystem processes. We used three elevation gradients and a reciprocal transplant experiment to show that temperature causes genetic change in the sedge Eriophorum vaginatum. We demonstrate that plants originating from warmer climate produce fewer secondary compounds, grow faster and accelerate carbon dioxide (CO₂) release to the atmosphere. However, warmer climate also caused plasticity in E. vaginatum, inhibiting nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis and growth and slowing CO₂ release into the atmosphere. Genetic differentiation and plasticity in E. vaginatum thus had opposing effects on CO₂ fluxes, suggesting that warming over many generations may buffer, or reverse, the short‐term influence of this species over carbon cycle processes. Our findings demonstrate the capacity for plant evolution to impact ecosystem processes, and reveal a further mechanism through which plants will shape ecosystem responses to climate change.     

Factors affecting the contribution by epiphytic algae to the primary productivity of an oligotrophic freshwater lake

A diatom-dominated population of epiphytic algae was studied in an oligotrophic lake to determine the factors which limit epiphyte growth and to measure their contribution to primary productivity. Algae were collected from plants growing at four sites in Lake George, N.Y., during the spring, summer, and fall of 1974. Samples were taken from 3 m, corresponding to the depth at which macrophytes were most productive. Algae exhibited an optimum temperature for H¹⁴CO₃^- uptake at 30 C, although the summer littoral lake temperature ranged from 18 to 25 C. Light saturation occurred at an intensity of 8,608 lux, approximating the environmental intensity at the depth from which algae were taken. Epiphytes exhibited their maximum photosynthetic capacity of 0.6 mg of carbon fixed/m² of macrophyte surface area per h in the early afternoon in mid-August. They assimilated approximately 5% as much inorganic carbon as the macrophytes from which they were taken. Epiphyte population densities followed the seasonal growth patterns of the macrophytes, with maximal leaf colonization remaining essentially constant relative to the leaf position on the plant. There was little change in density between sampling sites at any given time. Productivities of epiphytes from bottom leaves were 10-fold greater than those of epiphytes from top leaves. Addition of PO₄^-3, NO₃^-, NH₃, Si, and SO₄^-2 had no stimulatory effect on photosynthesis. Addition of HCO₃^- stimulated photosynthesis greater than 30%, suggesting that carbon may be a limiting nutrient for epiphytic algae in Lake George.