石榴巾夜蛾的生物学特性及防治

<正> 石榴巾夜蛾Parallelia stuposa(Fabricius)寄主石榴Punica grunatum L.,广泛分布于我国许多省份,是专以石榴叶为食的重要害虫之一。该虫在我国有几代?是否因地区不同而     

4种昆虫病原线虫对草地贪夜蛾的致死作用

【目的】探讨昆虫病原线虫对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的侵染效果。【方法】在室内条件下采用生测试验法,测定了小卷蛾斯氏线虫AⅡ、长尾斯氏线虫X-7、夜蛾斯氏线虫SN和嗜菌异小杆线虫H06等4种昆虫病原线虫对草地贪夜蛾2龄和5龄幼虫的致死作用。【结果】小卷蛾斯氏线虫AⅡ与草地贪夜蛾数量比为50∶1时,36 h后草地贪夜蛾2龄和5龄幼虫的死亡率分别为92%和100%。长尾斯氏线虫X-7与草地贪夜蛾数量比为50∶1时,36 h后草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫的死亡率为80%;在数量比30∶1时,36 h后草地贪夜蛾5龄幼虫死亡率为100%。夜蛾斯氏线虫SN与草地贪夜蛾数量比为400∶1时,36 h后草地贪夜蛾2龄和5龄幼虫的死亡率分别为88%和85%。嗜菌异小杆线虫H06与草地贪夜蛾在400∶1时,36 h后草地贪夜蛾2龄和5龄幼虫的死亡率分别为32%和67.5%。【结论】小卷蛾斯氏线虫AⅡ具有较好的草地贪夜蛾生物防治潜质,其次是长尾斯氏线虫X-7。     

旋歧夜蛾形态和生活史观察

【目的】初步研究旋歧夜蛾Discestratrifolii(Hufnagel)的形态特征、生物学特性以及生活史。【方法】通过室内观察,数据测量与统计,总结与分析了旋歧夜蛾的形态、生物学特性等问题。【结果】在室内饲养条件下,旋歧夜蛾幼虫6龄,旋歧夜蛾完成1代的生命周期为(44.27±3.10)d,卵期(4.02±0.35)d,存活率96.97%±1.20%,幼虫期(17.87±1.40)d,存活率75.76%±6.94%,蛹期(10.48±0.80)d,存活率93.86%±0.46%,成虫期(12.62±2.82)d。【结论】基本明确了旋歧夜蛾的形态和生活史,有助于制定有效的旋歧夜蛾防治措施,同时为旋歧夜蛾其它研究奠定基础。     

云南莱氏野村菌田间自然发生流行动态研究

为了弄清楚莱氏野村菌田间自然发生流行规律,本研究于2012-2014年对云南省昆明市晋宁区花椰菜上莱氏野村菌的发生动态进行了调查研究,发现莱氏野村菌能感染银纹夜蛾Argyrogramma agnata和甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua幼虫,二者的田间被感染症状相似。在昆明市晋宁区花椰菜田间,莱氏野村菌于每年7-10月份在银纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾幼虫种群中发生流行,其中9月份为发生流行高峰期,而银纹夜蛾幼虫的田间自然感染率高于甜菜夜蛾。2012-2014年7月、8月、9月、10月银纹夜蛾的平均感染率分别为34. 38%、62. 53%、78. 49%和33. 67%,甜菜夜蛾的平均感染率分别为8. 39%、8. 65%、24. 49%和3. 47%。该菌对同种害虫不同龄期幼虫的感染率不同,其中银纹夜蛾1-3龄幼虫的感染率高于4-5龄;而甜菜夜蛾4-5龄幼虫的感染率高于1-3龄。该研究将为莱氏野村菌开发利用及银纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾的生物防治研究提供依据。     

四氯虫酰胺玉米全株喷雾和喇叭口点施防治草地贪夜蛾的药效评价

评价四氯虫酰胺玉米全株喷雾和喇叭口点施处理对草地贪夜蛾的活性与防效,为草地贪夜蛾综合防控提供技术支持。采用叶片喷雾法,测定了对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫毒力;以40%辛硫磷乳油为对照药剂,采用喷雾和喇叭口点施两种方式田间施用10%四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂,药前1 d和药后1 d、3 d、7 d,调查挂牌标记玉米上草地贪夜蛾活虫数,计算防治效果。结果表明:四氯虫酰胺对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫具有良好的毒力;10%四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂制剂用量600 g/hm 2喷雾处理后1 d、3 d、7 d对草地贪夜蛾的防效分别为75.90%、91.91%和92.02%,制剂用量300 g/hm 2喇叭口点施处理后1 d、3 d、7 d对草地贪夜蛾的防效分别为82.28%、89.52%和91.23%,40%辛硫磷乳油制剂用量1500 g/hm 2处理,两种施药方式防效均不佳。四氯虫酰胺对草地贪夜蛾具有良好的防治效果,喇叭口点施方式节省药剂可达50%以上,在防治草地贪夜蛾等害虫方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

石榴籽中多酚的提取及其抗氧化作用研究

通过正交试验对石榴籽多酚的提取条件及其抗氧化活性(清除DPPH?和还原性)进行了研究.结果表明:(1)石榴籽多酚的最佳提取工艺参数为:乙醇浓度50%、pH值为4、六偏磷酸钠添加量0.4%、温度60℃;(2)石榴籽多酚提取物对DPPH?的清除率达11.34%,还原力达0.73,与VC和VE的抗氧化作用相比,其清除率大小顺序为:VC>石榴籽多酚提取物>VE,还原力大小顺序为:石榴籽多酚提取物>VC>VE,表明石榴籽多酚提取物对DPPH?有较强的清除作用,其还原力强于VC和VE.     

寄生3种夜蛾卵的夜蛾黑卵蜂种群增长潜能

夜蛾黑卵蜂是草地贪夜蛾卵期的一种重要寄生性天敌,适宜的寄主是实现其规模化繁育及应用的基础。本文应用实验种群生命表方法,分析、评价了草地贪夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾及甜菜夜蛾这3种夜蛾卵上夜蛾黑卵蜂的生长发育及种群增长潜能。结果表明,夜蛾黑卵蜂在3种夜蛾卵上均能顺利完成幼期发育且出蜂日期较为整齐,羽化当日即为产卵高峰日,羽化后3 d内的寄生卵量占总产卵量的80%以上。子代羽化率介于77.90%～85.56%之间,雌性比率介于0.53～0.59之间。不同寄主繁育的夜蛾黑卵蜂雄蜂后足胫节长度无明显差异,但以甜菜夜蛾卵繁育的雌蜂的后足胫节最长(152.00μm),斜纹夜蛾卵繁育的次之(146.33μm),草地贪夜蛾卵繁育的最短(142.67μm)。以甜菜夜蛾卵繁育的夜蛾黑卵蜂的内禀增长率(r_m)、净生殖力(R₀)及周限增长率(λ)均最高,分别为0.3486、57.94和1.4171,以斜纹夜蛾卵繁育的次之(r_m,0.3091;R₀,49.60;λ,1.3623),而以草地贪夜蛾卵繁育的最小(r_m,...     

地标点法在夜蛾昆虫数字化分类中的应用研究

为探讨地标点法在夜蛾昆虫分类中应用的可行性,本文以13种夜蛾昆虫为对象进行数字化分类研究。首先,利用TpsDig 2软件在夜蛾前、后翅上提取12个地标点,再利用多元统计分析对消除非形状因素信息的地标点坐标进行方差分析和判别分析。研究结果表明对夜蛾前翅特征进行判别分析的准确率为88.7%,对夜蛾前后翅特征进行判别分析的准确率为97.9%,利用前后翅特征对13种夜蛾进行数字化分类的准确率明显高于仅用前翅的结果。研究表明利用蛾翅的地标点特征可以实现夜蛾昆虫的数字化分类。     

甜菜夜蛾的饲养方法介绍

介绍一种甜菜夜蛾的室内饲养方法 ,采用本方法累代饲养甜菜夜蛾 8代 ,平均蛹重达 1 1 2 .9mg ,平均化蛹率 97% ,平均羽化率为 91 .3% ,室内饲养结果表明 ,该饲养方法可用于室内大量饲养甜菜夜蛾     

基于性信息素诱捕的广东草地贪夜蛾发生动态及多生物防治因子组合对其控制效果评价

采用性信息素诱捕器对广东省佛山市、茂名市、韶关市和梅州市的草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda发生动态进行监测;以清水作为空白对照,以20%氯虫苯甲酰胺为药剂对照,评价了螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis、螟黄赤眼蜂+苏云金杆菌、螟黄赤眼蜂+金龟子绿僵菌、螟黄赤眼蜂+莱氏绿僵菌、螟黄赤眼蜂+爪哇棒束孢菌、螟黄赤眼蜂+甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒、螟黄赤眼蜂+蠋蝽、螟黄赤眼蜂+蠋蝽+甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒这8种生防措施对玉米田草地贪夜蛾的防控效果。结果表明,草地贪夜蛾在所监测的4个地市全年均有发生,其中佛山监测点的草地贪夜蛾诱捕量高于其它3个监测点,并具有1个明显的发生高峰期（2019年10月中旬至11月中旬）,高峰期与玉米种植面积呈正相关。田间生防试验结果表明,单一释放螟黄赤眼蜂或与其他生防因子联合使用均对草地贪夜蛾有一定的控制作用,处理7 d后的防虫效果为54.87%~76.49%,其中以螟黄赤眼蜂+甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒及螟黄赤眼蜂+蠋蝽+甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒的防治效果最好,防效分别为76.49%及71.56%,但均低于氯虫苯甲酰胺的防虫效果（94.60%）;但14 d后,20%氯虫苯甲酰胺的防虫效果下降至78.51%,而螟黄赤眼蜂+甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒及螟黄赤眼蜂+蠋蝽+甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒的防效呈上升趋势,防效分别为81.31%与83.35%,具有较好的持续性与稳定性,是防治玉米草地贪夜蛾的理想生物防治组合。研究结果为了解广东草地贪夜蛾的发生规律及综合防控提供了相关科学依据与技术支撑。     

Exercise-induced hormone responses in girls at different stages of sexual maturation

The dependence of exercise-induced hormone responses on sexual maturation was tested in a 3-year longitudinal experiment on 34 girls (aged 11–12 years at the beginning). Sexual maturation was evaluated by Tanners five-stage scale. Children cycled for 20-min at 60% maximal oxygen uptake once a year. Cortisol, insulin, growth hormone, β-oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone concentrations in venous blood were determined by radioimmunoassay procedures. Basal concentrations of growth hormone increased and of cortisol decreased when breast stage III was reached. Reaching breast stage IV was associated with an increase in basal concentrations of β-oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone. The exercise induced significant increases in concentrations of cortisol, growth hormone and β-oestradiol and a decrease in insulin concentration. At breast stage III the increase in cortisol concentration was to a lower level [467 (SEM 42) vs 567 (SEM 46)nmol · l⁻¹] and growth hormone concentration to a higher level [29.4 (SEM 0.5) vs 12.8 (SEM 0.4)ng · ml⁻¹], while the fall in insulin concentration was less pronounced [postexercise level 10.6 (SEM 0.9) vs 7.8 (SEM 0.8)mU · l⁻¹] than in stage II. The magnitude of the cortisol response was reduced in the last stage of breast development (+42.1% vs +55.5% at stage II, +66.2% at stage III, and +50.0% at stage IV). The magnitude of β-oestradiol response was the lowest in breast stage IV (+15.8%) and the highest at stage V (+41.1%). The progesterone response became significant at stage IV and testosterone response at stage V. In conclusion, we found that reaching breast stage III was associated with altered responses of cortisol, insulin and growth hormone concentrations while the responses of the sex hormone concentrations became pronounced in the last stages of sexual maturation. Accepted: 17 September 1997     

Air-borne fungi at Doha, Qatar

Thirty-five genera and 73 species, were identifiedfrom 312 daily exposures set up during theperiod March 1997–March 1998. The total fungalcatch exhibited two peaks in July and December1997 and a trough in February 1998. Cladosporium (6 spp. 40.1% of total fungi),Alternaria (4 spp., 21%) andUlocladium (4 spp., 9.2%) were the maincomponents of air-borne fungi, and thecommonest species were Cladosporium.sphaerospermum (29.7%), C.cladosporioides (6.9%), Alternaria.alternata (13.9%) and U. atrum (5%).The predominance of these dark-coloured fungiin air is discussed and is attributed to one orboth of two hypotheses. Aspergillus (9spp., 4.3%) and Penicillium (8 spp.,3.95%) came next and were represented mainlyby A.niger (1.3%) andP. chrysogenum (2.4%).Spore showers of C.cladosporioides, C. sphaerospermum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Myrotheciumverrucaria were noticed with no regularseasonal pattern.The monthly number of species ranalmost parallel to the total count of fungi.The broadest species spectrum (25–29 spp.) wasrecorded in the summer months May–August 1997and the narrowest (11–12 spp.) in February andMarch 1998.The highest monthly wind velocity wasregularly associated with higher fungal colonycounts than in case of the lowest velocity. Onthe other hand, wind direction did not exhibitany regular correlation either with the colonycounts of fungi or with the wind velocity. Highwind velocity could bring more fungal spores tobe sedimented on the surface of exposed agar.Diurnal fluctuations of fungal spores offungi displayed one peak at 12 noon when thehighest temperature and wind velocity, and theleast relative humidity were recorded and onetrough at midnight.     

沙漠化对科尔沁沙质草地生态系统碳氮储量的影响

通过野外调查,研究了沙漠化对科尔沁沙质草地生态系统碳、氮储量的影响.结果表明:沙漠化对草地碳、氮含量和储量具有显著影响,随着草地沙漠化的进程,草地碳、氮含量和储量明显下降.与非沙漠化草地相比,轻度、中度、重度和严重沙漠化草地0～100cm深土壤有机碳和全氮含量分别下降了56.06%和48.72%、78.43%和74.36%、88.95%和84.62%、91.64%和84.62%,植物组分中的碳、氮含量分别下降了8.61%和6.43%、0.05%和25.71%、2.58%和27.14%、8.61%和27.86%;轻度、中度、重度和严重沙漠化草地地上植物组分中的碳、氮储量分别下降了25.08%和27.62%、30.90%和46.55%、73.84%和80.62%、90.89%和87.31%,0～100cm深地下植物组分中碳和全氮储量分别下降了50.95%和43.38%、75.19%和71.04%、86.76%和81.48%、91.17%和83.17%.2000年科尔沁沙地沙漠化草地总面积为30152.7km2,因沙漠化损失的碳、氮总储量高达107.53和9.97Mt.草地碳、氮含量的下降主要源于风蚀过程中土壤细颗粒的损失.土壤的粗化和贫瘠化最终导致了植物和凋落物中碳、氮储量的明显下降.     

科尔沁沙地沙漠化过程中土壤有机碳和全氮含量变化

通过地面调查,研究了沙漠化对科尔沁沙地农田和草地土壤有机碳和全氮含量的影响.结果表明,随着沙漠化的发展,科尔沁沙地土壤碳、氮含量明显下降.和非沙漠化农田相比,轻度、中度、重度和严重沙漠化农田土壤有机碳和全氮含量分别下降12.3%和15.3%、22.2%和24.7%、39.5%和44.7%、64.4%和63.5%;和非沙漠化草地相比,轻度、中度、重度和严重沙漠化草地土壤有机碳和全氮含量分别下降了56.3%和48.7%、78.4%和74.4%、88.9%和84.6%、91.6%和84.6%.截至2000年,科尔沁沙漠化总面积已经达到50197.5 km2,由于沙漠化而导致的土壤有机碳和全氮损失总量分别为36.39 Mt和7.89 Mt,其中草地分别占91.12%和86.06%,农田分别占8.88%和13.94%.相关分析结果表明,土壤有机碳和全氮的损失主要源于风蚀所引起的土壤粘粉粒的减少.因此,在科尔沁沙地,防治土壤风蚀对于减少农田和草地土壤碳、氮损失极为重要.     

Short communication effects of six months' feeding of cypermethrin on the blood and liver of albino rats

A cypermethrin-mixed diet was fed uninterrupted to male albino rats for six months to evaluate toxicity in nontarget organisms. The rats consumed cypermethrin at a dose of 420 mg active ingredient (AI) per kilogram body weight per day. At the end of the stipulated period, the blood and liver were analyzed for insecticidal toxicity. The hemoglobin content and white blood cell (WBC) count remained unaltered, while the red blood cell (RBC) count and packed-cell volume (PCV) decreased significantly. The blood serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and amylase activities were elevated 61%, 30%, and 46%, respectively, after six months of insecticide feeding, suggesting liver and possibly pancreas malfunction. The glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities, on the other hand, decreased 37% and 40%, respectively. The blood serum protein and free amino acids (FAA) content increased 12% and 31%, respectively, while cholesterol content decreased 49%. Consequent to cypermethrin administration the hepatic GOT, LDH, and ICDH activities increased 250%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. The soluble proteins, FAA, and glucose contents exhibited significant increases of 28%, 61%, and 71%, respectively. Histological changes were marked by hypertrophied hepatic cells and nuclei.     

云南省肉桂的引种和栽培

肉桂原产我国,为一栽培种。云南引种的肉桂,一般种植后4—6年生树即可开花结实,10—15年生树即可剥取桂皮。不同种植地由于自然条件的影响,肉桂生育期有一定的差异。不同品种桂油含量有明显的变化,成分差异很小。     

不同树种混交林及其纯林对土壤理化性质影响的研究

对针阔混交林土壤理化性质的研究表明,针阔混交林比针叶树纯林对土壤的改良作用要好,它使土壤总孔隙度增加２—１９％,水分含量增加６—３１％,枯枝落叶年凋落量增加２—２００％;土壤养分含量全Ｎ、ＮＨ４－Ｎ、代换性Ｃａ、代换性Ｍｇ和腐殖质含量分别增加４５—７５％、３３—８２％、５５—８５％、４４—８４％和３７—４６％．     

黔桂边境六县植物区系组成及其特点

黔桂边境六县植物区系有维管束植物203科921属2255种(变种)。其中种子植物含25种以上的有22科,代表成分有樟科、山茶科、壳斗科、五加科、桑科和椴树科。区系的特点是:地理成分复杂、分布交错;热带、亚热带性质明显;区系起源古老;特有珍稀种类多;喜酸成分较喜钙成分占优势;草本与木本种类近等。此外,对本区系自然条件及植物资源利用也作了简述。     

利用野生大豆资源创新优质抗病大豆新种质

利用野生大豆与栽培大豆种间杂交中间材料与高产栽培大豆回交转育,创新选育出蛋白质含量45％以上,蛋脂总含量63％以上,分别抗大豆疫霉根腐病,抗大豆灰斑病,农艺性状优良的大豆创新种质资源3份。其中,龙品8802-1抗大豆疫霉根腐病兼抗大豆灰斑病,蛋白质含量45．64％,脂肪含量18．42％,蛋脂总含量64．06％;龙品01-757抗大豆灰斑病,蛋白质含量45．99％,脂肪含量19．4％,蛋脂总含量65．39％;龙品9501,中抗大豆灰斑病,蛋白质含量45．11％,脂肪含量18．32％,蛋脂总含量63．43％。研究结果表明,利用含有野生大豆血缘的种间杂交材料与高产栽培大豆回交,是拓宽大豆遗传基础,创新选育优质、抗病、农艺性状优良大豆新种质资源的有效途径。     

盐酸布替萘芬乳膏治疗体、股癣,手、足癣60例疗效观察

目的观察1%盐酸布替萘芬乳膏治疗60例浅部真菌病疗效。方法进行治疗前、后临床疗效和真菌疗效评价。结果临床疗效评价和真菌疗效评价,总有效率分别为96.67%和96.7%。结论1%盐酸布替萘芬乳膏治疗浅表真菌病疗效良好。