Phage dUTPases Control Transfer of Virulence Genes by a Proto-Oncogenic G Protein-like Mechanism

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Highlights? dUTPases are signaling molecules acting in analogous manner to the G proteins ? Binding to dUTP induces a conformational change in the phage-encoded dUTPases ? The dUTP-bound form of the phage dUTPases induces transfer of virulence genes ? The dUTPase P loop-like motif V is the molecular switch of the signaling mechanism     

Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase regulates yorkie activity to promote tissue growth

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Highlights? Hipk induces tissues overgrowth and leads to activation of Yki target genes ? Hipk is required for activity of hyperactive Yki ? Hipk kinase function is essential to promote Yki target genes     

Subcortical Connections to Human Amygdala and Changes following Destruction of the Visual Cortex

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Highlights? Anatomical connections compose a subcortical pathway to the human amygdala ? Destruction of the visual cortex induces anatomical changes along this pathway ? Plasticity in the subcortical pathway is limited to the damaged hemisphere     

Cotranslational Response to Proteotoxic Stress by Elongation Pausing of Ribosomes

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Highlights? Proteotoxic stress reduces global protein synthesis by influencing elongation ? Proteotoxic stress induces ribosome pausing on mRNAs in the first 50 codons ? Molecular chaperones facilitate translation elongation by binding to nascent chains ? Ribosomes fine tune elongation rate in response to proteotoxic stress     

Deubiquitination of NLRP3 by BRCC3 Critically Regulates Inflammasome Activity

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Highlights? Inhibition of deubiquitination blocks inflammasome activation ? Inhibition of deubiquitination induces NLRP3 polyubiquitination ? Deubiquitination of NLRP3 regulates the activation of inflammasome ? The deubiquitinating enzyme BRCC3 deubiquitinates the LRR domain of NLRP3     

Macrophage autophagy plays a protective role in advanced atherosclerosis

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Highlights? Proapoptotic oxidative stress induces autophagy in macrophages (M?s) ? Inhibition of autophagy enhances oxidative stress and apoptosis in M?s ? Atheromata of M?-Atg5^?/?Ldlr^?/? mice have increased apoptosis and plaque necrosis ? Apoptotic Atg5^?/? M?s are poorly recognized by phagocytes in vitro and in atheromata     

An ERK-p38 Subnetwork Coordinates Host Cell Apoptosis and Necrosis during Coxsackievirus B3 Infection

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Highlights? Intracellular signaling predicts the fate of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-infected cells ? p38 and ERK signaling pathways are tightly interconnected during CVB3 infection ? CVB3-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes is inhibited by ERK5 and ERK1/2 pathways ? CVB3 induces necrosis of cardiomyocytes via p38 activation     

MicroRNA-133 Controls Brown Adipose Determination in Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Targeting Prdm16

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Highlights? Satellite cells can differentiate into brown adipocytes ? MicroRNA-133 targets Prdm16 3′UTR and controls brown adipose determination ? MicroRNA-133 antagonism induces active brown adipocytes within regenerating muscle ? MicroRNA-133 antagonism impedes the development of obesity     

Saturated fatty acid and TLR signaling link β cell dysfunction and islet inflammation

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Highlights? Palmitate induces β cell dysfunction by activating inflammatory processes in islets ? β cells sense palmitate via the TLR4 pathway and recruit M1 macrophages to islets ? M1 macrophages play a pivotal role in palmitate-induced β cell dysfunction ? M1 macrophages and inflammation also play a role in β cell dysfunction in T2D models     

An OsCEBiP/OsCERK1-OsRacGEF1-OsRac1 Module Is an Essential Early Component of Chitin-Induced Rice Immunity

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Highlights? Chitin induces rapid activation of the rice small GTPase OsRac1 at the plasma membrane ? OsRacGEF1 interacts with and acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for OsRac1 ? In response to chitin, OsRacGEF1 is activated via phosphorylation by OsCERK1 ? OsRacGEF1 is required for chitin-driven immunity and resistance to rice blast fungus     

Tanycytic VEGF-A Boosts Blood-Hypothalamus Barrier Plasticity and Access of Metabolic Signals to the Arcuate Nucleus in Response to Fasting

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Highlights? Fasting induces the plasticity of brain barriers in hypothalamic feeding regions ? Central neuroglucopenia triggers blood-hypothalamus barrier plasticity ? Fasting-induced brain barrier plasticity requires VEGF-A expression in tanycytes ? The tanycytic barrier modulates blood-borne signals access to CNS feeding circuits     

Conversion of a Signal into Forces for Axon Outgrowth through Pak1-Mediated Shootin1 Phosphorylation

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Highlights? An attractive guidance cue, netrin-1, induces Pak1-mediated shootin1 phosphorylation ? Pak1-mediated shootin1 phosphorylation enhances clutch engagement at growth cones ? Pak1-mediated shootin1 phosphorylation promotes formation of traction forces ? Pak1-mediated shootin1 phosphorylation promotes axon outgrowth     

Efficient Retrograde Transport of Pseudorabies Virus within Neurons Requires Local Protein Synthesis in Axons

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Highlights? Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection stimulates local protein synthesis in axons ? Infection induces the synthesis of LIS1, peripherin, and annexin A2 in axons ? Axonal inhibition of protein synthesis retards retrograde PRV capsid transport ? Prior damage in axons significantly reduces retrograde PRV capsid transport     

Sirt3 promotes the urea cycle and fatty acid oxidation during dietary restriction

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Highlights? High-throughput analyses identify potential targets of Sirt3 ? Sirt3 deacetylates and stimulates ornithine transcarbamoylase ? Caloric restriction induces Sirt3 expression and stimulation of the urea cycle ? Sirt3 regulates amino acid catabolism and β-oxidation during caloric restriction     

Retinoic acid production by endocardium and epicardium is an injury response essential for zebrafish heart regeneration

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Highlights? Cardiac injury induces structural and molecular changes in zebrafish endocardium ? Endocardial and epicardial cells at the site of injury synthesize retinoic acid (RA) ? The extent of this injury response correlates with a species' regenerative capacity ? Regenerative cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish requires retinoic acid signaling     

The Bcl6-SMRT/NCoR cistrome represses inflammation to attenuate atherosclerosis

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Highlights? Bcl6 is a critical antiatherogenic regulator ? Inhibition of Bcl6-SMRT/NCoR interactions induces atherogenic gene expression ? SMRT and NCoR cistromes each exceed 30,000 sites, with a nearly 50% overlap ? Bcl6 recruits SMRT and NCoR to NF-κB-driven inflammatory and tissue remodeling genes     

Structural Determinants of RGS-RhoGEF Signaling Critical to Entamoeba histolytica Pathogenesis

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Highlights? E. histolytica expresses a convergently evolved RGS-RhoGEF protein ? EhRGS-RhoGEF possesses a conventional nine-helix RGS domain ? Activated EhRGS-RhoGEF induces S2 cell spreading through Rac1/2 ? EhRGS-RhoGEF modulates amoebic migration and host cell killing