Molecular cloning,expression pattern and chromosomal mapping of pig CD69

CD69 is a type II membrane protein belonging to C-type lectin family receptor, and expressed on activated leukocytes. Pig CD69 was cloned by RT-PCR using degenerate primers. Pig CD69 cDNA contains a 600 bp open reading frame with its predicted polypeptide sequence of 200 amino acids. Pig CD69 has 75%, 67%, and 57% sequence identity with cow, human, and mouse CD69, respectively. A splicing isoform, which lacks exon 2 encoding the transmembrane domain, was detected. Pig CD69 gene is located on Chromosome (Chr) 5q25 where the NKG2D gene was mapped. In RT-PCR analysis, pig CD69 mRNA was detected in activated PBL, NK cells, macrophages, monocytes, and granulocytes, but not in resting cells. The inducers for CD69 gene expression were PMA, PHA, LPS, G7 mAb, PNK-E mAb, PM16-6 mAb and the K562 cell line. Moreover, CD69 mRNA is expressed in bone marrow, spleen, thymus and lymph nodes but not in muscle, mammary gland, or the pig kidney cell line (LLC-PK(1)). These results indicate that pig Chr 5q25 contains the NK gene complex and CD69 can be used as an activation marker in pig cells of innate as well as acquired immune systems.     

口蹄疫病毒受体猪源β6亚基基因的克隆和分子特征

从FMDV试验感染康复猪的舌皮和肺组织中克隆到了整联蛋白β6亚基的基因并对其核苷酸序列和推导的氨基酸序列以及蛋白结构进行了分析,该基因已登录到GenBank中,登录号为EF432729。猪整联蛋白β6亚基基因的编码区含有2367个核苷酸,编码788个氨基酸残基,含有9个潜在的糖基化位点,3个氨基葡聚糖结合位点,一个依赖于cGMP的蛋白激酶磷酸化位点,10个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,2个表皮生长因子相似结构域和2个半胱氨酸丰富区。其信号肽由26个氨基酸组成,胞外域由681个氨基酸组成,跨膜区由29个氨基酸组成,胞浆域由52个氨基酸组成。从起始密码子开始,共有11个核苷酸发生了变化,其中2079位和2256位核苷酸的突变是同义突变,其余9位核苷酸的变化为错义突变。猪β6基因与猕猴、小鼠、挪威大鼠、犬、豚鼠、人、牛和羊的β6基因的核苷酸序列一致性分别为79.5%、84.9%、85.4%、85.2%、88.7%、90.1%、91.9%和91.9%,推导的氨基酸序列一致性分别为93.5%、88.2%、88.5%、88.3%、91.0%、92.8%、93.3%和93.4%。为进一步深入研究FMDV嗜性、与宿主细胞的相互作用、病毒的侵入机制等问题奠定了基础。     

猪口蹄疫病毒受体通用亚基αv的基因克隆及序列分析

病毒受体是病毒宿主范围和组织嗜性的决定因素。研究发现,至少有四种整联蛋白αvβ1、αvβ3、αvβ6、αvβ8是口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的受体,其中αv是4种受体的通用亚基。首次从口蹄疫病毒实验感染猪的肺组织中克隆到了通用亚基αv基因并对其核苷酸序列和推导的氨基酸序列进行了比较分析。猪αv亚基基因的编码区含有3141个核苷酸,编码1046个氨基酸,其N-端30个氨基酸为信号肽,其后的胞外域、跨膜区、胞浆域分别由955、29、32个氨基酸组成;胞外域含有11个潜在的糖基化位点(NXT/NXS)、2个Ca2 结合位点(DX[D/N]XDGXXD)、18个半胱氨酸残基。猪αv基因与牛、人、猕猴、家鼠、鸡、犬的αv基因的核苷酸序列同源性分别为93.3%、91.5%、91.4%、85.6%、73.2%、89.9%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为96.3%、94.6%、94.1%、90.8%、81.6%、93.8%,猪与牛αv亚基同源性最高,表明受体αv亚基可能与口蹄疫病毒的宿主范围有关。     

Molecular cloning, expression pattern and chromosomal mapping of pig CD9 antigen

CD9 is a member of the transmembrane-4 superfamily of surface molecules that seems to have a relevant role in cell migration and adhesion, as well as malignant progression. This work describes the isolation of the cDNA coding for the porcine CD9 molecule. Pig CD9 cDNA was isolated from a smooth muscle cDNA library and contains a 678-bp open reading frame with its predicted polypeptide sequence of 226 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence conserves the main characteristics of TM4 proteins, including the presence of four transmembrane domains. Like their homologous molecules from other species, pig CD9 has two extracellular regions of a different size with the minor loop bearing two possible glycosylation sites. The pig CD9 gene was localized to chromosome 5q25 by using a somatic cell hybrid panel. Analysis of CD9 expression in different porcine cells and tissues demonstrated that CD9 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed.     

小麦Na+/H+反转运蛋白基因的克隆和特性

以水稻(Oryza sativa L.) Na+/H+反转运蛋白cDNA片段为探针,从小麦盐胁迫cDNA文库中筛选和克隆了2个小麦Na+/H+反转运蛋白基因,分别命名为TaNHX1 和 TaNHX2.序列分析表明TaNHX1为2 029 bp,包含一个完整的1 638 bp的ORF,编码546个氨基酸,其中含有DIFFIYLLPPI跨膜区.TaNHX2为1 693 bp,包含部分ORF及808 bp的3′-UTR.这2个基因与已知的水稻、拟南芥(Arabidopsis thialiana)和滨藜(Atriplex gmelini)中的同类基因NHX的相似性约为70%.RT-PCR分析表明小麦苗经400 mmol/L NaCl处理1 h后,TaNHX1的转录水平有所提高.     

Expression of XBcad, a novel cadherin, during oogenesis and early development of Xenopus.

A gastrula cDNA library was screened using a cDNA probe encoding the cytoplasmic domain of uvomorulin, a mouse Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion molecule. A Xenopus cDNA clone was isolated, which shares an amino acid sequence identity with uvomorulin of 91% in the transmembrane and 89% in the cytoplasmic domain. A restriction fragment of 397 bp representing the lowest degree of identity to all other known cadherin sequences was used to study the expression pattern of this Xenopus cadherin gene on RNA and protein level. The 397 bp restriction fragment was expressed bacterially as fusion protein, against which polyclonal antibodies were raised. An mRNA of 3.9 kb and a corresponding 125 kDa glycoprotein could be identified. Both molecules are present throughout oogenesis and early embryogenesis. When cleavage starts, the protein becomes integrated into the newly formed membranes. This polypeptide is found at cell membranes of all blastomeres except those at the outer surface of the embryo. Immunoblots and immunohistological analyses of adult organs reveal that this protein is expressed in pituitary gland, lung and kidney. It could not be detected in liver, heart and skeletal muscle. Since this cadherin differs in its tissue distribution from that of U-cadherin and in sequence alignments from ep-cadherin, it was termed XBcad for Xenopus blastomere cadherin.     

The complete cDNA sequence of bovine coagulation factor V.

Lack of availability of a primary structure for bovine factor V has hindered detailed analysis of a vast majority of structure-function correlations on this molecule. To determine the primary structure of bovine factor V, we used liver mRNA as a template for the synthesis of three cDNA libraries. The sequences of seven overlapping cDNA clones infer two bovine factor V variants. Variant 1 results in a 6910-basepair (bp) cDNA including 103 bp of 5'-untranslated sequence, 6633 bp of coding sequence and 171 bp of 3'-untranslated sequence with a putative polyadenylation site. Variant 2 differs only in the size of the coding sequence (6618 bp). The open reading frame translates to factor V consisting of 2211 (or 2206) amino acids including a 28-amino acid signal peptide. Comparison of the amino acid sequences with human factor Va reveals 84% identity for the heavy and 86% for the light chains. In contrast, the B domain (connecting region) exhibits only 59% identity relative to the human molecule. The bovine B domain contains two repeats of a 14-amino acid structure that is contained only once in the human sequence. Bovine factor V lacks one of the nine amino acid repeats and one of the 17 amino acid repeats present in the human B domain. Factor V has little homology to the factor VIII molecule in the B domain. The 17-amino acid repeat missing in bovine factor V allows identification of an 18-amino acid sequence that is homologous to the B domain of human factor VIII. These 18 amino acids may either constitute the unique vestige of a divergent evolution between the B domains of factors V and VIII or reveal the convergent evolution toward a critical epitope involved in the activation of both procofactors.     

Mouse uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase: CDNA cloning,expression, and mapping

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (URO-decarboxylase; EC 4.1.1.37), the heme biosynthetic enzyme responsible for the conversion of uroporphyrinogen III to coproporphyrinogen III, is the enzymatic defect in porphyria cutanea tarda, the most common porphyria. The mouse URO-decarboxylase cDNA was isolated from a mouse adult liver cDNA library. The longest clone of 1.5 kb, designated pmUROD-1, had 5′ and 3′ untranslated sequences of 281 and 97 bp, respectively, and an open reading frame of 1104 bp encoding a 367-amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 40,595 Da. The mouse and human coding sequences had 87.8% and 90.0% nucleotide and amino acid identity, respectively. The authenticity of the mouse cDNA was established by expression of the active enzyme in Escherichia coli. In addition, the analysis of two sets of multilocus genetic crosses localized the mouse gene, Urod, on Chromosome (Chr) 4, consistent with the map location of the human gene to a position of conserved synteny on Chr 1. The availability of the mouse URO-decarboxylase should facilitate studies of the structure and organization of the mouse genomic sequence and the development of a mouse model of this inherited porphyria. Received: 27 November 1995 / Accepted: 17 January 1996     

Novel organization and processing of the guinea pig pancreatic polypeptide precursor

Studies on New World hystricomorph rodents have revealed interesting structural divergences in the peptide hormones of the islets of Langerhans, particularly with respect to insulin and glucagon. Herein we report the isolation and sequencing of a cDNA encoding the precursor of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) from a guinea pig pancreas cDNA library. The 126-residue precursor sequence is predicted to include a 26-residue NH2-terminal signal peptide followed by the 36-amino acid PP hormonal sequence and a large COOH-terminal extension. The sequence identity between guinea pig and human PP is 89% (32/36 residues), and the predicted sequence is in agreement with that reported by Eng et al. (Eng, J., Huang, C.-G., Pan, Y.-C. E., Hulmes, J. D., and Yalow, R. S. (1987) Peptides 8, 165-168). In contrast, the icosapeptide domain in the guinea pig precursor exhibits only 40% (8/20) identity with the corresponding human precursor domain, and the COOH-terminal extension differs greatly in both sequence and size. The guinea pig precursor lacks the monobasic processing site (Pro-Arg) found at the COOH terminus of the icosapeptide domain in human, ovine, canine, and feline proPP. An icosapeptide is thus not likely to be liberated as such from this precursor. Of particular interest in guinea pig proPP is the substitution of serine for arginine at the dibasic amino acid processing site on the COOH-terminal side of the PP domain. Results of radioimmunoassays of gel-filtered protein fractions from a guinea pig pancreas extract indicate that efficient proteolytic cleavage takes place at this Lys-Ser site and that mature guinea pig PP is normally carboxyamidated.     

Human and mouse mitochondrial orthologs of bacterial ClpX

We have determined the cDNA sequence and exon/intron structure of the human CLPX gene encoding a human ortholog of the E. coli ClpX chaperone and protease subunit. The CLPX gene comprises 14 exons and encodes a 633-amino acid-long precursor polypeptide. The polypeptide contains an N-terminal putative mitochondrial transit peptide, and expression of a full-length ClpX cDNA tagged at its C-terminus (Myc-His) shows that the polypeptide is transported into mitochondria. FISH analysis localized the CLPX gene to human Chromosome (Chr) 15q22.1-22.32. This localization was refined by radiation hybrid mapping placing the CLPX gene 4.6 cR distal to D15S159. Murine ClpX cDNA was sequenced, and the mouse Clpx locus was mapped to a position between 31 and 42 cM offset from the centromere on mouse Chr 9. Experimental observations indicate the presence of a pseudogene in the mouse genome and sequence variability between mouse ClpX cDNAs from different strains. Alignment of the human and mouse ClpX amino acid sequences with ClpX sequences from other organisms shows that they display the typical modular organization of domains with one AAA⁺ domain common to a large group of ATPases and several other domains conserved in ClpX orthologs linked by non-conserved sequences. Notably, a C-4 zinc finger type motif is recognized in human and mouse ClpX. This motif of so far unknown function is present only in a subset of the known ClpX sequences. Received: 5 April 2000 / Accepted: 14 June 2000