Isolation of Trichoderma and Evaluation of their Antagonistic Potential against Alternaria porri

Nine isolates of Trichoderma were collected from Assiut Governorate, Egypt, as leaf surface and endophytic fungi associated with onion flora stalks. Four isolates were identified as Trichoderma harzianum, while five isolates were belonging to Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The antagonistic activity of these isolates against onion purple blotch pathogen Alternaria porri was studied in vitro using dual culture assay. All tested Trichoderma isolates showed mycoparasitic activity and competitive capability against the mycelial growth of A. porri. Mycoparastic activity of Trichoderma was manifested morphologically by the overgrowth upon the mycelial growth of the pathogen and microscopically by production of coiling hyphae around pathogen hyphae. Isolates of T. harzianum exhibited high ability to compete on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium causing the maximum rate of pathogen inhibition (73.12%), while isolates of T. longibrachiatum showed inhibition rate equalling 70.3%. Chitinase activity of Trichoderma was assayed, and T. harzianum Th‐3013 showed the maximum value contributing 2.69 U/min. Application of T. harzianum Th‐3013 to control purple blotch disease in vivo under greenhouse conditions caused disease reduction up to 52.3 and 79.9% before and after 48 h of pathogen inoculation, respectively, while the fungicide Ridomil Gold Plus caused disease reduction comprising 56.5 and 71.7%, respectively. This study proved that T. harzianum Th‐3013 as a biocontrol agent showed significant reduction in onion purple blotch disease compared with the tested fungicide.     

Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma species against mango malformation pathogens

Malformation disease of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) caused by Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans is one of the most destructive diseases, which is a major production constraint in the mango-growing regions of India. In this study, The bioagents Trichoderma viride (Tr1), Trichoderma virens (Tr2) and Trichoderma harzianum (Tr3) were evaluated in culture with the pathogens to monitor the antagonistic effect and their volatile compound and culture filtrates (non-volatile compound). It was found that all the three isolates of bioagents significantly checked the growth of F. moniliforme var. subglutinans. In dual culture, the best result was obtained with T. harzianum followed by T. virens and T. viride. A similar result was also observed in the case of culture filtrates ofTrichoderma spp. The results clearly showed that inhibition of the growth of the fusaria isolates by T. harzianum was significantly superior to T. viride andT.virens. In case of antifungal activity of volatile compounds released by Trichoderma isolates, it was also observed that T. virens was more superior to T.harzianum and T. viride.     

Biological efficacy of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichoderma harzianum</Emphasis> isolate to control some fungal pathogens of wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis>) in Turkey

Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Fusarium culmorum and F. moniliforme are highly important and widespread pathogens of wheat in Turkey. Trichoderma isolates have been used as biocontrol agents to protect plants against soilborne diseases in several crops. The present work was carried out to evaluate the potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolate T1 as biocontrol agents for G. graminis, F. culmorum and F. moniliforme under field conditions in 2001 and 2002. Quantitative differences were found in microbial number in soil. T. harzianum T1 had considerable effect on population densities of the tested pathogens. The total number of G. graminis, F. culmorum and F. moniliforme were lower in the T. harzianum T1 application made to seed. T. harzianum T1 application to seed had increasing affect on the yield components of wheat through better control over pathogens. The greatest counts of T. harzianum T1 were detected on root segments. Seed application by T. harzianum T1 had increasing effect on yield components of wheat.     

Antagonism between Gliodadium roseum,Trichoderma harzianum,or Trichothecium roseum and Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glydnea

The antagonism between Gliodadium roseum, Trichoderma harzianum, or Trichothecium roseum and Phytophthora megasperam f. sp. glycinea (Pmg), cause of Phytophthora rot of soybeans (Glycine max), was studied. G. roseum, T. harzianum, and 17 isolates of T. roseum were grown separately on modified Czapek-Dox medium (MCD) in the dark for 25 days at 25 °C. Culture filtrates of T. roseum at 0.5% and 20.0% concentrations inhibited mycelial growth of Pmg at 3.1% and 90.4%; and those of G. roseum at –0.7% and 44.0%; and of T. harzianum at 0.7% and 46.0%, respectively. Culture filtrates of T. roseum at 0.5% concentration inhibited zoosporangenesis of Pmg at 98.0% and at 1.0% concentration prevented it. Culture filtrates of G. roseum and T. harzianum at 5% concentration significantly (P=0.05) inhibited zoosporangenesis of Pmg, but differences were not significant from that on MCD. Culture filtrates of 17 isolates of T. roseum inhibited mycelial growth and zoosporangenesis of Pmg at different percentages with different concentrations with those of isolate 9 showing the greatest inhibition of both. Mycelial growth of most of 16 races of Pmg was prevented at 10% concentration of the culture filtrates of isolate SS-2 of T. roseum, and all 16 races, except race 6, was prevented at 20% concentration. Zoosporangenesis of all races of Pmg was prevented at 2% the culture filtrate of SS-2. Culture filtrates of SS-2 inhibited zoosporangenesis of Pmg in soil.     

Antagonistic activity and hyphal interactions of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum in vitro

Trichoderma is a well-known antagonist against soilborne plant pathogens. However, the species and even various isolates have different biocontrol potential. To evaluate the antagonistic activities of Trichoderma harzianum, T. harzianum strain T100 (T100), T. viride and T. haematum against Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum, we used dual culture and productions of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in three different phases in vitro. An analysis of the data in dual culture tests represented T. viride, T. haematum and T100 as effective antagonists of Fusarium while T100 was the only fungus being able to lyse the confronting mycelia. Similar results were obtained in the volatile metabolites tests also. In contrast with the two previous tests, the non-volatile metabolites produced by T. harzianum inhibited Fusarium mycelial growth the most, and T100 acted moderately. It was also clearly showed that the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma spp. was more on F. proliferatum than on F. oxysporum. Finally, because Trichoderma spp. was most effective in the second phase, we recommend to use T100 against F. proliferatum at the initial stages of infection as its mycoparasitism on F. oxysporum was observed microscopically through forming apressoria structures without any coiling around the pathogen.     

Ecological management of tropical sugar beet (TSB) root rot (Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.) by rhizosphere Trichoderma species

Trichoderma species are collected from different location of sugarbeet growing areas of Tamil Nadu and it is effective against Sclerotium rolfsii pathogen caused by sugarbeet ecosystems. Out of thirty-one isolates of Trichoderma viride and four isolates of Trichoderma harzianum collected and tested for their antagonistic activity against S. rolfsii by dual culture technique, one isolate was found to be effective T. viride (TVB1) that recorded the maximum (73.03%) inhibition on the mycelial growth recording only 2.40 cm growth as against 8.90 cm in the control. The isolates of T. harzianum THB-1 recorded 71.19% mycelial growth reduction over control. The colonisation behaviour of T. viride (TVB1) revealed that it completely over grew on pathogen within 48 h after interaction with the pathogen, and speed of growth on pathogen was also high and it possesses a higher level of competitive saprophytic ability. The best four isolates of TVB1, TVB-2, TVB-3 and TVB31 and two isolates of T. harzianum THB-1 and THB-2 were compared with other species of Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma koningii and Chaetomium globosum and tested under in vitro condition. BA of neem cake at 150 kg ha^?1 + T. viride isolate (TVB1) at 2.5 kg/ha recorded least root rot disease incidence of 17.05% which accounted for 75.37% disease reduction over control and highest recorded maximum root yield 65.73 t ha^?1 and increasing sugar content.     

Control of the bean rust fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Uromyces appendiculatus</Emphasis> by means of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichoderma harzianum</Emphasis>: leaf disc assays on the antibiotic effect of spore suspensions and culture filtrates

Several species of the fungal genus Trichoderma act as antagonists of other fungi. A number of strains from the Trichoderma species T. harzianum Rifai are used as biological control agents for the control of soilborne as well as foliar plant pathogens. Six T. harzianum strains, five of them isolated from commercial preparations, were evaluated for their capability to control the bean rust fungus Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers. ex Pers.) Unger. Different kinds of leaf disc assays were performed with conidial spore suspensions and sterile culture filtrates of the T. harzianum strains. Great differences were observed concerning the efficacy of the Trichoderma strains to reduce the number of the uredial pustules developing after rust inoculation which followed the application of the particular Trichoderma strains. Efficacy values ranged from 1 to over 50%. Increasing spore or culture filtrate concentrations of the two most effective isolates T12 and T_U led to decreases in the number of developing uredial pustules. Culture filtrate applications had a protective but no curative effect. T12 spore suspensions maintained their disease reducing activity even when autoclaved. This and some other evidence for an antibiotic interaction between T. harzianum and U. appendiculatus are discussed. Handling Editor: Reijo Karjalainen.     

Control of chickpea wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris) using Trichoderma spp. in Ethiopia

Thirty-two Trichoderma isolates were collected from soils grown with chickpea in central highlands of Ethiopia. The eight isolates were identified by CAB-International as Trichoderma harzianum, T. koningii and T. pseudokoningii. In in vitro tests, all Trichoderma isolates showed significant (P < 0.05) differences in their colony growth and in inhibiting the colony growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris, race 3. In potted experiment, four Trichoderma isolates were tested as seed treatment on three chickpea cultivars (JG-62 susceptible, Shasho moderately susceptible and JG-74 resistant) against F. oxysporum f.sp. ciceris, race 3. The result showed that T. harzianum and unidentified Trichoderma isolate T23 significantly reduced wilt severity and delayed disease onset. The degree of wilt severity and delay of disease onset varied with chickpea cultivars. Our study revealed that biological control agents such as Trichoderma can be a useful component of integrated chickpea Fusarium wilt management.     

Mycoparasitism studies of Trichoderma harzianum strains against Rhizoctonia solani: evaluation of coiling and hydrolytic enzyme production

The genus Trichoderma is a potential biocontrol agent against several phytopathogenic fungi. One parameter for its successful use is an efficient coiling process followed by a substantial production of hydrolytic enzymes. The interaction between fifteen isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and the soil-borne plant pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani, was studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Macroscopic observations of fungal growth in dual cultures revealed that growth inhibition of the pathogen occurred soon after contact with the antagonist. All T. harzianum isolates tested exhibited coiling around the hyphae of R. solani. The strains ALL23, ALL40, ALL41, ALL43 and ALL49 did not differ in coiling frequency and gave equal coiling performances. No correlation between coiling frequency and the production of cell wall-degrading chitinases, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and β-1,3-glucanases, was found.     

Geographic range, impact, and parasitism of lepidopteran species associated with the invasive weed Lantana camara in South Africa

Six isolates of Trichoderma were screened for antagonism to Armillaria in tea stem sections buried in the soil. The inability of Armillaria to invade Trichoderma-colonized stem sections and the reduction of its viability in the plant materials following invasion of these by Trichoderma were used as indicators of antagonism. Four isolates of the species Trichoderma harzianum significantly (P<0.001) reduced the incidence of the pathogen in the plant materials. Isolate T4 completely eliminated the pathogen from plant materials in sterile soil and also antagonized two different isolates of the pathogen in nonsterile soil. Application of this T. harzianum isolate to the soil as a wheat bran culture significantly (P<0.001) reduced viability of Armillaria in woody blocks of inoculum. Soil amendment with coffee pulp also reduced the inoculum viability but did not affect the incidence of Trichoderma in the blocks of inoculum. We conclude that the direct application of wheat bran-formulated T. harzianum into soil surrounding woody Armillaria inoculum sources can suppress the pathogen. Further, no organic amendment is needed to enhance development of the antagonist in the soil as a pre-requisite to suppressing the pathogen.     

Isolation and Characterization of Trichoderma spp. for Antagonistic Activity Against Root Rot and Foliar Pathogens

Trichoderma, soil-borne filamentous fungi, are capable of parasitising several plant pathogenic fungi. Twelve isolates of Trichoderma spp. isolated from different locations of South Andaman were characterized for their cultural, morphological and antagonistic activity against soil borne and foliar borne pathogens. The sequencing of these isolates showed seven different species. The isolates revealed differential reaction patterns against the test pathogens viz., Sclerotium rolfsii, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. capsici. However, the isolates, TND1, TWN1, TWC1, TGD1 and TSD1 were most effective in percentage inhibition of mycelial growth of test pathogens. Significant chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities of all Trichoderma isolates has been recorded in growth medium. T. viride was found with highest chitinase whereas T. harzianum was recorded with highest β-1,3-glucanase activities.     

Studies on Antagonistic Effects of Trichoderma Isolates Against Phytophthora cactorum

Bioassays were used to demonstrate the antibiotic effect of Trichoderma isolates on P. cactorum. When both fungi were grown on benomyl-containing PDA medium, the mycelial growth of Trichoderma was suppressed. However, the production of antibiotics by this fungus remained active, leading to inhibition of the mycelial growth of P. cactorum. The antibiotic effect of Trichoderma on zoospores and cysts was tested on a PDA substrate precultured with Trichoderma on cellophane sheets. On the substrate of some Trichoderma isolates, lysis of zoospores, formation of extracellular vesicles, and hypertrophy of the water expulsion vesicle did occur, both resulting in the death of the zoospores. Conidial suspensions of Trichoderma isolates also induced zoospore lysis. It is presumed that membrane-active peptide antibiotics (peptaibols) are involved in zoospore lysis. The peptaibol paracelsin caused lysins of zoospores at a concentration of 2.5 × 10^?4 M. The effect on cysts depended on the Trichoderma isolate tested and the age of Trichoderma preculture. Old cultures (after beginning of sporulation) affected cysts more severely than young cultures (before sporulation) which usually were not lethal to the cysts but induced preferably microsporangium formation, inhibition of cyst germination, and retardation of germ tube growth.     

Trichoderma species on Agaricus bisporus farms in Serbia and their biocontrol

Twenty Trichoderma isolates were collected on 13 Serbian Agaricus bisporus farms and one in Bosnia and Herzegovina during 2006–2010. Twelve isolates were classified into five species by standard mycological studies and ITS1/ITS4 sequence analyses, namely Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum and Trichoderma harzianum. Eight isolates were not identified to the species level but were shown to be related to T. harzianum. The isolates of T. harzianum exhibited the highest virulence to the harvested A. bisporus pilei and T. virens and T. aggressivum f. europaeum the lowest. Antifungal activity of two biofungicides based on Bacillus subtilis and tea tree oil and the fungicide prochloraz manganese were tested in vitro to all Trichoderma isolates. Prochloraz manganese and B. subtilis were highly toxic to all tested Trichoderma isolates, their ED₅₀ values were below 0.3 and 1.3 mg L^?1, respectively. Tea tree oil did not exhibit a significant antifungal activity (ED₅₀ = 11.9–370.8 mg L^?1). The effectiveness of biofungicides was evaluated against T. harzianum in a mushroom growing room, and they were applied alone or in combination with the fungicide at a respective proportion of 20:80%. Prochloraz manganese showed higher effectiveness than both tested biofungicides or their respective mixtures. The biofungicide based on B. subtilis demonstrated greater effectiveness in preventing disease symptoms than tea tree oil. B. subtilis combined with the fungicide revealed less antagonism in effectiveness against pathogen than tea tree oil.     

Species diversity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichoderma</Emphasis> in Poland

In the present study, we reinvestigate the diversity of Trichoderma in Poland utilizing a combination of morphological and molecular/phylogenetic methods. A total of 170 isolates were collected from six different substrata at 49 sites in Poland. These were divided among 14 taxa as follows: 110 of 170 Trichoderma isolates were identified to the species level by the analysis of their ITS1, ITS2 rDNA sequences as: T. harzianum (43 isolates), T. aggressivum (35), T. citrinoviride (11), T. hamatum (9), T. virens (6), T. longibrachiatum (4), T. polysporum (1), and T. tomentosum (1); 60 isolates belonging to the Viride clade were identified based on a fragment of the translation-elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene as: T. atroviride (20 isolates), T. gamsii (2), T. koningii (17), T. viridescens (13), T. viride (7), and T. koningiopsis (1). Identifications were made using the BLAST interface in TrichOKEY and TrichoBLAST (). The most diverse substrata were soil (nine species per 22 isolates) and decaying wood (nine species per 75 isolates). The most abundant species (25%) isolated from all substrata was T. harzianum.     

Tunisian isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis can control Botrytis fabae on faba bean

Faba bean crops worldwide are often attacked by different diseases, particularly chocolate spot caused by Botrytis fabae Sard. Fungal and bacterial isolates collected from faba bean and barley leaves in Tunisia were evaluated for their antagonistic potential against B. fabae. In a test on detached leaves, the highest rate of decrease in disease severity was scored by Trichoderma viride, followed by T. harzianum, the fungicide Carbendazim then Bacillus subtilis. Under glasshouse conditions, all tested fungi resulted in significant disease severity reduction. T. viride reduced the rate of chocolate spot infestation on leaves and stems by 35% and 31.5%, respectively, when the rate on the control was 100%. For T. harzianum, Carbendazim and B. Subtilis, the rates of infestation on the leaves were 41.7%, 43.1% and 59.7%, respectively. On the stems, T. harzianum scored the lowest rate of 54.2% followed by B. subtilis with 79.2% then Carbendazim with 87.5%. Two consecutive seasons of field trials using the Trichoderma species, B. subtilis and Carbendazim showed significant and consistent reduction in the severity of chocolate spot infestation rates. The highest protection against the disease was obtained from T. viride. Based on these results, Tunisian isolates of Trichoderma spp. can be recommended for developing commercial bio-fungicides for integrated management of chocolate spot.     

Antagonistic effect of two isolates of Trichoderma harzianum against postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Pathogenicity test of all fungi (14 different isolates) isolated from both infected tomato fruits and the surface wash of other healthy fruits had different pathogenicity rates. The genus Rhizopus sp. was the most pathogenic one followed by Fusarium sp. Trichoderma harzianum isolates (T3 and T4) had a different pattern of antagonism against the tested pathogens. In dual plate test of the antagonistic action of T3 and T24 against the postharvest pathogens, clear zone size ranged between 1 and 4 and 3 and 6 mm by T3 and T24, respectively. The antagonists (T3 and T24) didn't show inhibition zone against Rhizopus sp., but they could overgrow it by 100% after 9 days of incubation. Mostly, all the other postharvest isolates showed high degree of overgrowth by T3 than T24. The two antagonists failed to overgrow Aspergillus species except for A. niger (3) which was overgrown by T3. Volatile and non-volatile metabolite tests indicated that mycelial growth of Penicillium stekii was significantly inhibited by T3 and T24 more than the other tested pathogens. The inhibition of A. niger (1) was 12% by non-volatile metabolites of T24 produced after 1 day incubation, and reached to 97% inhibition by the metabolites of 3 days. Interestingly, inhibition of Aspergillus sp. by volatile compounds of T3 and T24 was 2% and 20%, respectively, whereas the inhibition of the same pathogen by non-volatile compounds reached 75% and 87%, respectively. The results of slice assay clearly indicate that T. harzianum (T3 and T24) could provide a complete protection to tomato slices from the infection of the tested pathogens. After 3 days of incubation, Trichoderma suppressed the linear growth of these pathogens on tomato slices and the percentage of suppression was significant and ranged between 80 and 100%, except with Rhizopus sp. the suppression reached 33% only.     

Evaluation of β-1,3-glucanase and β-1,4-glucanase enzymes production in some Trichoderma species

Trichoderma species have become the important means of biological control for fungal diseases. This research was carried on to access the high β-1,3-glucanase and β-1,4-glucanase enzyme producer of Trichoderma species isolates using two different carbon sources for finding a method to obtain more concentrate culture filtrates. Therefore, 14 Trichoderma isolates belonging to species: Trichoderma ceramicum, T. virens, T. pseudokoningii, T. koningii, T. koningiosis, T. atroviridae, T. viridescens, T. asperellum, T. harzianum1, T. orientalis, T. harzianum2, T. brevicompactum, T. viride and T. spirale were cultured in Wiendling’s liquid medium plus 0.5% glycerol or 0.5% Phytophthora sojae-hyphe as the carbon source in shaking and non-shaking (stagnant) statuses. Enzyme activity rate and total protein were evaluated in raw, acetony and lyophilized concentrated culture filtrates and the specific enzyme activity of β-1,3-glucanase and β-1,4-glucanase were measured by milligramme glucose equivalent released per minute per milligramme total protein in culture filtrates. The results showed that using Phytophthora – hyphe in medium increased the enzyme activities as compared to glycerol at all Trichoderma species which suggested that these substrates can also act as inducer for synthesis of lytic enzymes, in addition the most enzymes activity was observed in the lyophilised concentrated culture filtrate. The most successful species in β-1,3-glucanase and β-1,4-glucanase enzymes activities were T. brevicompactum and T. virens and these species can be used for mass production of these enzymes which are supposed to be used in commercial formulation and also will be able to control P. sojae directly.     

Specific PCR Assays for the Detection and Quantification of DNA from the Biocontrol Strain Trichoderma harzianum 2413 in Soil

Strain identification in situ is an important factor in the monitoring of microorganisms used in the field. In this study, we demonstrated the use of sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers to detect genomic DNA from Trichoderma harzianum 2413 from soil. Two primers (SCAR A1/SCAR A1c) were tested against DNA of 27 isolates of Trichoderma spp. and amplified a 990-bp fragment from T. atroviride 11 and a 1.5-kb fragment from T. harzianum 2413, using an annealing temperature of 68°C. These fragments showed no significant homology to any sequence deposited in the databases. The primer pair, BR1 and BR2, was designed to the 1.5-kb fragment amplified from T. harzianum 2413, generating a SCAR marker. To test the specificity of these primers, experiments were conducted using the DNA from 27 Trichoderma spp. strains and 22 field soil samples obtained from four different countries. PCR results showed that BR1 and BR2 amplified an 837-bp fragment unique to T. harzianum 2413. Assays in which total DNA was extracted from sterile and nonsterile soil samples, inoculated with spore or mycelium combinations of Trichoderma spp. strains, indicated that the BR1 and BR2 primers could specifically detect T. harzianum 2413 in a pool of mixed DNA. No other soil-microorganisms containing these sequences were amplified using these primers. To test whether the 837-bp SCAR marker of T. harzianum 2413 could be used in real-time PCR experiments, new primers (Q2413f and Q2413r) conjugated with a TaqMan fluorogenic probe were designed. Real-time PCR assays were applied using DNA from sterile and nonsterile soil samples inoculated with a known quantity of spores of Trichoderma spp. strains.     

Antagonistic assessment of Trichoderma spp. by producing volatile and non-volatile compounds against different fungal pathogens

Trichoderma spp. are well-known biological agents that have significant antagonistic activity against several plant pathogenic fungi. In the present study, Trichoderma spp. were tested in vitro for their antagonistic activity against different spp. of Fusarium and Alternaria viz. Alternaria alternata, A. brassicae, A. solani, Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani using dual plate assay and by the production of volatile and non-volatile compounds. The results obtained revealed that Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride effectively inhibited the growth and spore production of different spp. of Fusarium and Alternaria. The highest growth inhibition was found in A. alternata 62.50% and 60.00% by non-volatile compounds of T. harzianum and T. viride, respectively. Similarly, the volatile compounds inhibit the maximum growth of A. alternata 40.00% and 35.00% by T. harzianum and T. viride, respectively. Volatile and non-volatile compounds of Trichoderma spp. were analysed by GC-MS technique and the properties of distinguished compounds showed antifungal, antimicrobial and antibiotic activities. Volatile compounds of T. harzianum and T. viride showed highest percent abundance for glacial acetic acid (45.32%) and propyl-benzene (41.75%), respectively. In case of non-volatile compounds, T. harzianum and T. viride showed D-Glucose, 6-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl- (38.45%) and 17-Octadecynoic acid (36.23%), respectively. The results of present study confirmed that T. harzianum can be used as a promising biological control agent against Alternaria and Fusarium spp. that cause diseases in various vegetables and crops.