HPLC法测定慢严舒柠颗粒中黄芩苷的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定慢严舒柠颗粒中黄芩苷的含量。色谱柱为ODS(C18),流动相为V(甲醇):V(水):V(磷酸)=47.0:53.0:0.2,流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为280 nm,柱温为室温。结果表明,黄芩苷进样量在0.084-0.840μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均加样回收率为98.58%(相对标准偏差RSD=1.49%,n=5)。该方法简便、快捷、准确、重现性好,可用于慢严舒柠颗粒中黄芩苷的含量测定。     

气相色谱法测定发酵液中胆固醇的含量

气相色谱法测定了发酵液中胆固醇的含量。采用Rtx-1（100%二甲基聚硅氧烷）毛细管色谱柱、FID检测器进行分析测定。当胆固醇浓度在0～200μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系（r=0.9981）。方法的平均回收率为99.38%,相对标准偏差为0.75%（n=8）,最低检出限可达到0.816μg/mL。气相色谱法作为发酵液中胆固醇含量的快速测定方法,具有试剂用量少、操作简单、结果准确等特点。     

发酵法生产紫杉醇的检测分析

目的:采用高效液相色谱法对发酵液中的紫杉醇进行测定。方法:将紫杉醇产生菌发酵产物经乙酸乙酯萃取得测定样品,高效液相色谱分析方法为苯基柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相乙腈-甲醇-水(36∶4∶60),流速1mL/min,检测波长227nm,进样体积20μL,柱温室温。结果:紫杉醇与干扰物可达到基线分离,在2.2～110μg/mL范围内,紫杉醇的峰面积与浓度线性关系良好,相关系数0.9996,平均回收率为99.55%,RSD为0.60%。结论:与使用C18柱色谱条件相比,该分析方法灵敏度高,不需要复杂的样品前处理过程,仪器配置不复杂、操作方便、准确性高,可有效地检测发酵液中紫杉醇的含量。     

大鼠血浆中洛伐他汀的HPLC测定及药动学研究

目的:探索采用高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中洛伐他汀浓度的方法。方法:血浆样品采用环已烷-二氯甲烷(3.5:1,V/V)提取,HPLC条件为色谱柱采用XTerra(?)MSC18柱(150×2.1 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(63L37,V/V),柱温35℃,检测波长为238nm。结果:大鼠血浆中洛伐他汀在0.01～5μg/mL线性范围内线性关系良好,最低检测浓度为0.01～g/mL,方法的提取回收率为81%～95%,日内、日间RSD均小于9.55%;药代动力学结果表明洛伐他汀在雌雄大鼠体内的Tp、Cmax和AUC均有显著性差异(p<0.05)。结论:建立的HPLC方法简便、灵敏度高,重现性好,药动学研究表明洛伐他汀在大鼠体内存在性别差异。     

高效液相色谱法测定山楂叶中熊果酸含量的研究

本文建立了一种可靠性高、重现性好的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定山楂叶中熊果酸含量的方法,在测定中采用富集和固相萃取组合纯化工艺去除干扰物质。高效液相色谱测定条件为Hypersil(ODS)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇:0.2%磷酸二氢钠(90∶10,V/V),检测波长210nm,流速0.8mL/min。熊果酸浓度在100~800μg/mL与峰面积存在良好线性关系(r2=0.9992),该方法准确可靠,日内稳定性标准偏差在0.6%~1.5%,日间稳定性标准偏差在0.7%~2.6%。为不同产地山楂叶中熊果酸含量建立有效的分析方法。     

HPLC法测定九节菖蒲中琥珀酸含量

目的:建立九节菖蒲中琥珀酸含量的HPLC测定法。方法:采用Kromasil C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);甲醇-0.02mol/L KH2PO4缓冲液(7:93)(pH 2.5)为流动相;流速0.5 mL/min;柱温为30℃;检测波长为214 nm。结果:琥珀酸在4～48μg范围内具有良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率为99.15%。九节菖蒲样品中的琥珀酸含量,以干燥品计为0.200%～0.318%。结论:该方法可行,重复性好,可用于九节菖蒲中琥珀酸含量的测定。     

HPLC法检测蛇足石杉内生真菌胶胞炭疽发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrate)内生真菌胶胞炭疽发酵液中石杉碱甲(Huperzina A)和石杉碱乙(Huperzine B)含量的方法,并以此方法检测胶胞炭疽发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙含量的积累。内生真菌发酵液经氯仿萃取、甲醇溶解、过滤后进行高效液相检测分析,选用Agilent Eclipse plus-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以0.015 mol/L乙酸铵(p H 6.8)和甲醇溶液(70∶30)为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,检测波长为308 nm,连续检测内生真菌胶胞炭疽发酵液中第6–15天石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量积累。结果表明,发酵提取液中的石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙可在25 min内进行很好的分离和分析,石杉碱甲在1.50-48.00μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r为0.999 5),石杉碱乙在0.25-7.50μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r为0.999 7),石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的平均加标回收率分别为106.83%、108.06%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.34%、3.60%。该方法简便、快速、精密度高、结果准确,适用于内生真菌发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙含量检测。在发酵过程中,内生真菌发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量呈现先增后减,随后有所增加继而又减少的趋势。石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量分别在内生真菌发酵第14天、第8天达到最高,分别为12.417 0μg/mL、4.660 3μg/mL。该方法学的建立为内生真菌胶胞炭疽合成石杉碱甲与石杉碱乙的机制研究提供了检测手段,从而有利于药物新资源的开发。     

蜜楝花及果实中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱及内酯含量积累变化研究

分析测定了不同生长时期蜜楝花及果实中吴茱萸生物碱及吴茱萸内酯含量及其积累变化。色谱条件为:色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-3C_(18)柱(4.6×150 mm,5μm),以乙腈-四氢呋喃-水(41∶1∶58)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长225 nm,柱温30℃。蜜楝中吴茱萸内酯在49.65~248.25μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,Y=1955.4X-5577.3(R~2=0.9996),平均加样回收率102.70%,RSD为3.00%(n=6);吴茱萸碱在8.88~88.80μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,Y=89913X+73191(R~2=0.9990),平均加样回收率103.99%,RSD为2.18%(n=6),吴茱萸次碱在8.25~49.49μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,Y=56127X-51856(R~2=0.9990),平均加样回收率103.50%,RSD为1.48%(n=6)。随着发育阶段的推移,蜜楝花、果实中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱及吴茱萸内酯的含量逐渐增加,在近成熟的果实中三种成分含量最高。研究结果表明,蜜楝果实中生物碱和吴茱萸内酯的含量丰富,可作为提取制备吴茱萸生物碱及吴茱萸内酯成分的一种植物资源,具有很好的开发利用价值。     

高效液相色谱法测定甜菊糖苷中甜菊醇的含量

建立高效液相色谱法测定甜菊糖苷中甜菊醇的含量。色谱条件:色谱柱为Phenomenex C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-水(50∶50);流速1.0 mL/min;检测波长213 nm;柱温30℃;进样量10μL。线性范围为1.046μg/mL~52.3μg/mL(r=0.9997),加标平均回收率为96.60%,RSD为0.51%(n=6)。本方法准确度高、精密度高、重复性好、简捷易操作,可以作为甜菊糖苷中甜菊醇含量的测定方法。     

HPLC法测定罗汉果中罗汉果苷ⅡE、苷Ⅲ的含量

采用ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水(25:75)为流动相,流速1 mL/min,柱温25℃,二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为203 nm,以外标法测定了罗汉果中罗汉果苷ⅡE、苷Ⅲ的含量。罗汉果苷ⅡE在1.934~25.142μg,苷Ⅲ在2.070~26.910μg范围内呈线性关系,平均加样回收率为96.6%与97.9%。     

Asymmetric reduction of (4S)-(+)-carvone catalyzed by baker's yeast: A green method for monitoring the conversion based on liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction with polypropylene hollow fiber membranes

The α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (4S)-(+)-carvone was selectively reduced to (1R,2R,4S)-iso-dihydrocarveol using baker's yeasts. The conversion of the bioreduction reaction was monitored using a green hollow-fiber liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction (HF-LLLME) technique. Several parameters which may affect the bioreduction of (4S)-(+)-carvone, such as temperature, time, substrate/enzyme ratio, pH and buffer concentration, were evaluated. The effect of some additives, such as trehalose, DMSO and the ionic liquid [BMIm][PF₆], was also studied. The (1R,2R,4S)-iso-dihydrocarveol was recovered with 52.7% conversion and diastereoisomeric excess >99% after 48 h of reaction at 40 °C in an aqueous monophasic system, with 0.1 mol L^?1 buffer concentration (pH 7.5) and a substrate/yeast cell mass ratio of 8.0 mg g^?1. The HF-LLLME microextraction technique allowed the optimization of the reaction with a reduction of over 99.5% in relation to the use of organic solvents.     

Enantioseparation of flurbiprofen enantiomers using chiral ionic liquids by liquid‐liquid extraction

Flurbiprofen is a kind of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, which has been widely used in clinic for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It has been reported that S‐flurbiprofen shows good performance on clinic anti‐inflammatory treatment, while R‐enantiomer almost has no pharmacological activities. It has important practical values to obtain optically pure S‐flurbiprofen. In this work, chiral ionic liquids, which have good structural designability and chiral recognize ability, were selected as the extraction selector by the assistance of quantum chemistry calculations. The distribution behaviors of flurbiprofen enantiomers were investigated in the extraction system, which was composed of organic solvent and aqueous phase containing chiral ionic liquid. The results show that maximum enantioselectivity up to 1.20 was attained at pH 2.0, 25°C using 1,2‐dichloroethane as organic solvent, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazole L‐tryptophan ([Bmim][L‐trp]) as chiral selector. The racemic flurbiprofen initial concentration was 0.2 mmol L^?1, and [Bmim][L‐trp] concentration was 0.02 mol L^?1. Furthermore, the recycle of chiral ionic liquids has been achieved by reverse extraction process of the aqueous phase with chiral selector, which is significant for industrial application of chiral ionic liquids and scale‐up of the extraction process.     

Reassessing the out-of-phase phenomenon in shake flasks by evaluating the angle-dependent liquid distribution relative to the direction of the centrifugal acceleration

Shake flasks are still the most relevant experimental tool in the development of viscous fermentation processes. The phase number, which defines the onset of the unfavorable out-of-phase (OP) phenomenon in shake flasks, was previously defined via specific power input measurements. In the OP state, the bulk liquid no longer follows the orbital movement of the imposed centrifugal force, which is for example, detrimental to oxygen transfer. In this study, an optical fluorescence technique was used to measure the three-dimensional liquid distribution in shake flasks. Four new optically derived evaluation criteria for the phase transition between the in-phase and OP condition were established: (a) thickness of the liquid film left on the glass wall by the rotating bulk liquid, (b) relative slope of the leading edge of bulk liquid (LB) lines, (c) trend of the angular position of LB, and (d) very high angular position of the leading edge. In contrast to the previously applied power input measurements, the new optical evaluation criteria describe the phase transition in greater detailed. Instead of Ph = 1.26, a less conservative value of Ph = 0.91 is now suggested for the phase transfer, which implies a broader operating window for shake flask cultivations with higher viscosities.     

Recovery of small bioparticles by interfacial partitioning

In this article, a qualitative study of the recovery of small bioparticles by interfacial partitioning in liquid-liquid biphasic systems is presented. A range of crystallised biomolecules with varying polarities have been chosen such as glycine, phenylglycine and ampicillin. Liquid-liquid biphasic systems in a range of polarity differences were selected such as an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), water-butanol and water-hexanol. The results indicate that interfacial partitioning of crystals occurs even when their density exceeds that of the individual liquid phases. Yet, not all crystals partition to the same extent to the interface to form a stable and thick interphase layer. This indicates some degree of selectivity. From the analysis of these results in relation to the physicochemical properties of the crystals and the liquid phases, a hypothetical mechanism for the interfacial partitioning is deduced. Overall these results support the potential of interfacial partitioning as a large scale separation technology.     

多维液相色谱及其在生命科学中的应用

介绍了一种适用于复杂体系样品分析的分离技术-多维液相色谱。对该技术的原理、分类、模式的选择做了介绍,并引证了其在蛋白质组研究、药物研究等复杂体系样品分析领域的最新应用及发展。     

Measurement of stable isotopic enrichment and concentration of long-chain fatty acyl-carnitines in tissue by HPLC-MS

We have developed a new method for the simultaneous measurements of stable isotopic tracer enrichments and concentrations of individual long-chain fatty acyl-carnitines in muscle tissue using ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Long-chain fatty acyl-carnitines were extracted from frozen muscle tissue samples by acetonitrile/methanol. Baseline separation was achieved by reverse-phase HPLC in the presence of the volatile ion-pairing reagent heptafluorobutyric acid. The SIM capability of a single quadrupole mass analyzer allows further separation of the ions of interest from the sample matrixes, providing very clean total and selected ion chromatograms that can be used to calculate the stable isotopic tracer enrichment and concentration of long-chain fatty acyl-carnitines in a single analysis. The combination of these two separation techniques greatly simplifies the sample preparation procedure and increases the detection sensitivity. Applying this protocol to biological muscle samples proves it to be a very sensitive, accurate, and precise analytical tool.     

Rare events out of equilibrium: mobility through the liquid–liquid interface

Transition state theory provides a well established means to compute the rate at which rare events occur; however, this is strictly an equilibrium approach. Here we consider a nonequilibrium problem of this nature in the form of transport through a liquid–liquid interface. When two immiscible liquids are coexisting in equilibrium, there will be a certain amount of mixing between the two phases, resulting in a finite linear mobility across the liquid–liquid interface. We derive an exact relationship between the mobility and the local diffusion in the direction perpendicular to the interface. We compute the mobility using both nonequilibrium molecular dynamics and a variety of linear response type approaches, with accurate agreement being obtained for the best of these. Our analysis makes it clear how the local diffusion is influenced by the inhomogeneities of the interface, even when at a distance from it. This nonlocal character to the mobility has not been appreciated before and results in a strong variation in the local diffusion, which is formally coupled to the variation in the potential of mean force. The nonlocal aspect of the diffusion requires the velocity autocorrelation function to be integrated out to far longer times than is the case for homogeneous liquids, and requires special care with regard to the choice of numerical approach.     

Survival of Entamoeba and related amoebae at low temperature-II. Viability of amoebae and cysts stored in liquid nitrogen

It was found that E. histolytica, E. histolytica-like, E. hartmanni, E. invadens, E. terrapinae, E. moshkovskii grown with a mixed bacterial flora, could be recovered after prolonged storage in liquid nitrogen. The longest period yet tested for E. histolytica is 382 weeks (7·3 years). Storage of amoebae of E. ranarum and E. coli was less successful. E. histolytica amoebae grown axenically or monoxenically were less easily stored than those amoebae grown with a mixed bacterial flora. Cysts were non-viable after freezing.E. histolytica amoebae showed the same virulence to rats and sensitivity to emetine after storage in liquid nitrogen, as was observed before freezing.A summary of a recommended procedure for freezing Entamoeba and related amoebae is given.     

Thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of l-carnitine and its short-chain acyl derivatives

A method utilizing thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the separation and direct analysis of carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and propionylcarnitine is described. On-column analysis of mixtures of the acylcarnitines with their corresponding stable, isotope-labeled analogs at nanomolar concentrations has indicated that isotope dilution assays can be applied towards the analysis of carnitine and short-chain acylcarnitines present in biological samples.     

新型气液双升式动物细胞反应器

为克服目前动物细胞反应器存在的不足 ,设计了一种新型气液双升式动物细胞反应器( ALLR)。该反应器结合了气升式反应器和流化床反应器的优点 ,同时在结构上使气泡与流体自然流动与分离 ,消除了气泡凝聚破裂给细胞造成的机械损伤。测定了 2 L反应器的液体循环流速及氧传质系数 KLa值 ,表明 ALLR具有较好的传质性能和极小的流体剪切力 ,适合动物细胞的大规模培养