Descriptions of Atractides aprojectus sp.nov.and male of A.huaxiensis Yi & Jin (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from China

A water mite species is described as new to science, Atractides(Tympanomegapus) aprojectus sp. nov. The male of Atractides(Tympanomegapus) huaxiensis Yi & Jin, 2010 is described for the first time from Guizhou Province, China. The materials were collected during a survey in 2011 from the rivers in Guizhou. The specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University(GUGC).     

Sequencing and analysis for the full-length genome RNA of foot-and-mouth disease virus China/99

The complete nucleotide sequence of genomic RNA of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) strain China/99 from infected bovine tongue epithelium is presented. The nucleotide sequence extending from the 5' end of the genomic RNA to the 5' end of poly (A) tail contains 8173 nucleotides (nt). Its open reading frame, which encodes a single polypeptide of 2332 amino acids, encompasses 6999 nt starting from the initiation codon AUG and terminating at the UAA codon 93 bases upstream from the 5' end of poly (A) tract. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) is composed of 1081 nt. The consensus of the 1d gene of FMDV strain China/99 compared with that of UKG/6/2001, UKG/12/2001, China/99HN4 and China/3/Tibet is over 97%. The result showed the stains belong to the members of the Pan-Asia family. There is a remarkable differentiation in the function-unknown (FUR), p2 and p3 regions between FMDV isolates from infected cattle and swine, especially in 3a gene. No deletion was found in genes /, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2c, 3b, and 3d. Thes     

NOTES ON THE GENUS FLEUTIAU XIA LABOISSIERE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: GALERUCINAE)

In the present paper, 9 species of the genus Fleutiauxia are reported from China, ofwhich one species is transferred from the genus Platyxantha, and four are described asnew to science. The diagnosis of the genus and the key to the known species of China aregiven. The type specimens are kept in the Institute of Zoology, Academia sinica (IZAS)and the Entomological Museum of Northwestern Agricultural University (EMNAU),Yangling, Shaanxi, separately.     

Terrestrial growth in China and its relationship with climate based on the MODIS data

The characteristics of terrestrial growth in China and its relationship with various climatic factors (e.g. temperature, precipitation and radiation) were investigated by using the data collected with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). These data were collected once every 8 days during 2000–2003 and then again in 2005. The average annual gross primary production (GPP) in China during this period ranged from 0 to 3252.6 gC·m^?2·a^?1 with an average value of 491.1 gC·m^?2·a^?1. The maximum GPP values were observed over the regions of Yunnan, Hainan and Taiwan, and the southeast coastal areas, while the minimum values were observed in the cold and arid regions of the Tibetan Plateau, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. Correlation analysis showed that temperature was the primary factor influencing this terrestrial growth, while precipitation played a secondary role. However, only the terrestrial growth that occurred in southern China was affected by radiation. The correlation coefficients of GPP with temperature and precipitation decreased from northern to southern China and were negatively correlated with the distribution of the associated climatic factors within China. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient of GPP with cloud contents was observed to increase from northern to southern China.     

Terrestrial growth in China and its relationship with climate based on the MODIS data

The characteristics of terrestrial growth in China and its relationship with various climatic factors (e.g. temperature, precipitation and radiation) were investigated by using the data collected with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). These data were collected once every 8 days during 2000–2003 and then again in 2005. The average annual gross primary production (GPP) in China during this period ranged from 0 to 3252.6 gC·m^?2·a^?1 with an average value of 491.1 gC·m^?2·a^?1. The maximum GPP values were observed over the regions of Yunnan, Hainan and Taiwan, and the southeast coastal areas, while the minimum values were observed in the cold and arid regions of the Tibetan Plateau, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. Correlation analysis showed that temperature was the primary factor influencing this terrestrial growth, while precipitation played a secondary role. However, only the terrestrial growth that occurred in southern China was affected by radiation. The correlation coefficients of GPP with temperature and precipitation decreased from northern to southern China and were negatively correlated with the distribution of the associated climatic factors within China. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient of GPP with cloud contents was observed to increase from northern to southern China.     

Analysis on variation trend of coral reef in Xisha

Xisha Islands, located in the northern part of South China Sea, consist of more than 20 islands and atolls. The coral reef of Xisha Islands belongs to the typical ocean distribution of world’s coral reefs, its ecosystem is the most typical in our country and hermatypic coral species are about three-quarters of the total coral species in China. It is addressed with the oldest coral reef community which of the most original and valuable in China. The previous research shows that the islands studded in South China Sea such as Xisha Islands have important influence on the formation of coral reefs along the mainland coast by multiplying and migrating from south to the north. It is supplementary sources of coastal coral larvae in Hainan and Guangdong. Therefore, carrying out the monitoring of coral reef community ecosystem is of great significance to the ecological protection. By the Manta tow and the Line Intercept Transect method, five stations (Xisha Yong xing dao, Shi dao, Xisha zhou, Zhao Shu dao and Bei dao) on Xisha ecological monitoring area were monitored continually from 2005 to 2009. We compared the index changes of Hermatypic coral’s species, coverage and recruitment, and combining with Condition Index, Succession Index, and the variation trend of hard coral in Xisha were analyzed.
The results show that, from 2005 to 2009, the coverage of living hermatypic corals in ecological monitoring area is sharply reduced from 68.19% to 7.93%, while the dead coral coverage is sharply increased from 4.70% to 72.90%. Coral recruitment is reduced from 1.18 ind/100 m² to 0.07 ind/100 m², hermatypic coral species decreased from 87 to 35. In 2005, the health of coral reefs was very good, and the Condition Index was 1.097. However, the Condition Index cut down to a very low degree in 2009. It was only ?0.880. The Succession Index belonged to “very low degree” from 2005 to 2009, and the numerical value was gradually reduce from ?0.984 to ?1.876.
As a whole, hermatypic corals are serious degrade regionally and caused great change to the coral structure and biodiversity, this will lead to a continuous degradation of coral reefs.     

NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES OF ISOMETOPIDAE FROM CHINA (Hemiptera - Heteroptera)

The present paper deals with four species belonging to three genera, in which a genus (Paraletabo gen. nov.) and four species are described as new to science, a genus (Sophianus Distant) is recorded for the first time from China. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Biology, Nankai University. The new genus and new species are briefly diangnosed as follows.     

Analysis on variation trend of coral reef in Xisha

Xisha Islands, located in the northern part of South China Sea, consist of more than 20 islands and atolls. The coral reef of Xisha Islands belongs to the typical ocean distribution of world’s coral reefs, its ecosystem is the most typical in our country and hermatypic coral species are about three-quarters of the total coral species in China. It is addressed with the oldest coral reef community which of the most original and valuable in China. The previous research shows that the islands studded in South China Sea such as Xisha Islands have important influence on the formation of coral reefs along the mainland coast by multiplying and migrating from south to the north. It is supplementary sources of coastal coral larvae in Hainan and Guangdong. Therefore, carrying out the monitoring of coral reef community ecosystem is of great significance to the ecological protection. By the Manta tow and the Line Intercept Transect method, five stations (Xisha Yong xing dao, Shi dao, Xisha zhou, Zhao Shu dao and Bei dao) on Xisha ecological monitoring area were monitored continually from 2005 to 2009. We compared the index changes of Hermatypic coral’s species, coverage and recruitment, and combining with Condition Index, Succession Index, and the variation trend of hard coral in Xisha were analyzed.
The results show that, from 2005 to 2009, the coverage of living hermatypic corals in ecological monitoring area is sharply reduced from 68.19% to 7.93%, while the dead coral coverage is sharply increased from 4.70% to 72.90%. Coral recruitment is reduced from 1.18 ind/100 m² to 0.07 ind/100 m², hermatypic coral species decreased from 87 to 35. In 2005, the health of coral reefs was very good, and the Condition Index was 1.097. However, the Condition Index cut down to a very low degree in 2009. It was only ?0.880. The Succession Index belonged to “very low degree” from 2005 to 2009, and the numerical value was gradually reduce from ?0.984 to ?1.876.
As a whole, hermatypic corals are serious degrade regionally and caused great change to the coral structure and biodiversity, this will lead to a continuous degradation of coral reefs.     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE FRESH-WATER GENUS NOTODROMAS (OSTRACODA) FROM HEILONGJIANG, NORTHEAST CHINA

The new ostracode Notodromas sinensis from a pool near Daqing City, Heilongjiang, Northeast China, is described. A full account of the morphology of this species is given in order to elucidate the terminology used in such studies. Attention is drawn to features that are regarded as important in the classification of freshwater ostracodes.     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS CULICOIDES （JILINOCOIDES）（DIPTERA： CERATOPOGONIDAE） FROM THE GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTON. REG., CHINA

A new species of Culicoides ( Jilinocoides ), C. ( J. ) guangxiensis sp. nov. from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China is described. The new species is closely allied to Culicoides qianweiensis Yu 1982,but is distinctly different in the presentation of the sensilla coeloconica, sensory pit of the palpus third segment,number of mandible teeth, pale spot on basal portion of wing and r-m pale spot on wing of female. The type spec-imen is deposited in the Institute of Military Medical Sciences, Shenyang Military District, Shenyang 110034,China.     

Isolation and Characterization of Nine Microsatellite Markers for Red-backed Ratsnake,Elaphe rufodorsata

The red-backed ratsnake(Elaphe rufodorsata) is widely distributed in East Asia, especially China. This species is a common snake in plain river network region. In the past several decades, E. rufodorsata has dramatically declined due to the effect of human activities and over hunting for traditional Chinese medicine. We developed nine species-specific microsatellite loci in 190 individuals collected from Huzhou, Zhejiang province in China. These markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity(13–41 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity(H O ranged from 0.266 to 0.941, and H E ranged from 0.851 to 0.937). No locus exhibited significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. There was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium among pairs of loci. These microsatellite markers were described in our study will be valuable tools for the long term management and population-level studies(e.g. the population structure, genetic diversity and variation, individual paternity and evolutionary history) of the species.     

PCR检测中国对虾暴发性流行病毒靶基因的克隆和序列分析

An explosive epidemic disease of shrimp had occurred in China and the south Pacific coast. The causative agent is a new baculovirus called hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis baculovirus (HHNBV) in China, and the pathogen is very much similar to Japanese panaeid rod-shaped DNA virus (PRDV) which caused mass mortality of shrimp. In order to distinguish both HHNBV and PRDV at molecular level, we have sequenced the PCR-targeted DNA fragment of HHNBV. One pair of PCR primers were prepared based on the PRDV DNA. The sequence of the PCR-targeted DNA of HHNBV is 975bp in length, and shares 99.7% homology with the PRDV. The sequence of PCR-targeted DNA of HHNBV-XIA differs from PRDV DNA in deleting three nucleotides (CAT) at 510～512 site. These characteristics of the sequence classified HHNBV and PRDV as strains of different genotypes.     

Rediscovery of the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)in Yingjiang County,Yunnan Province,China

DEAR EDITOR, The sun bear,Helarctos malayanus (Raffles,1821),is a forestdependent bear species distributed in tropical Southeast Asia.The species was previously reported from scattered localities in southwestern China,which is at the northeastern edge of its global range.Due to the scarcity of reliable recent records,some authorities cast doubt on the continued existence of sun bear in China.Here we present the rediscovery of this species in Yingjiang County,western Yunnan Province,China,near the international border with Myanmar's Kachin State.     

我国婴幼儿中存在不同基因型杯状病毒的感染

Human caliciviruses were detected from stool specimens collected from infants with diarrhea from Beijing and Anhui Province by using RT PCR PCR products with molecular weight around 330 were obtained by using the primer pair of 289/290,which is proved to be able to amplify both Norwalk like and Sapporo like human caliciviruses The PCR products amplified from specimens collected in Beijing(CR480) and Anhui(A141) were cloned into the T A cloning vector pUCm T and sequenced The cDNA fragment amplified from CR480 is 319bp in length,which is consistent with the molecular weight of the cDNA fragment amplified from Norwalk like viruses with the primer pair 289/290,whereas the cDNA fragment amplified from A141 is 331 bp in length,which is the size of the cDNA fragment from Sapporo like viruses The sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA from CR480(the stool specimen collected in Beijing) shared higher nucleotide and amino acid identities with selected Norwalk like viruses (from 60% to 97% and 62% to 99%,respectively)than with selected Sapporo like viruses(less than 58%),having the highest identity with Takl 1999 jp and ARG320,which belong to genotype Ⅱ of Norwalk like viruses The sequence of the cDNA from A141 (collected form Anhui Province) shared higher nucleotide and amino acid identities with selected Sapporo like viruses(from 68% to 92% and 75% to 96%,respectively) than with selected Norwalk like viruses(less than 52%) It suggests that both Norwalk like and Sapporo like human caliciviruses are circulating in China and cause diarrhea in infants and young childeren     

NOTES ON TENAPHALARA AND TYORA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES FROM CHINA(Homoptera: Psyllidae)

The genus Tenaphalara was erected by Kuwayama in 1907 wih the typespecies T.acutipennis from Taiwan Province, China; afterwards,Crawford(1912, 17, 19), Yu(1956), and Miyatake (1974) described another eight     

杂斑腹小鸮实为鬼鸮

Based on two specimens collected from Sichuan Province, Yang et al. (1989) described a new subspecies of the spotted little owl (Athene brama), the belly-mottled little owl (Athene brama poikila). This subspecies has been acknowledged by Cheng (2000). However, Cheng (2000) also mentioned that further work should be done on this subspecies. In 2001, we checked the specimen of Athene brama poikila in Ya’an, Sichuan and comparing them with the spotted little owl and the boreal owl (Aegolius funereus). The boreal owl is identifiable from its rather square facial disc, however, this character was destroyed during the facture for these two specimens of Athene brama poikila. That is the reason Yang et al.(1989) missed them with the genus Athene. The genus Aegolius is also identifiable from the genus Athene from the character on the toes, as the toes of the boreal owl are covered with thick feathers, whereas the toes of the little owl are bristled. The toes of these two specimens of Athene brama poikila are thickly feathered, corresponding to the identification of the genus Aegolius. The morphological characters and measurements of the two specimens also correspond to the boreal owl. The habitat of the two specimens was reported as conifer deciduous forest around 2 200 m to 3 100 m, which fits the habitat of the boreal owl. The distribution of the endemic Gansu subspecies of the boreal owl (A. f. beickianus) was reported at Tiantangsi, Lianhuashan in Gansu, Guinan in Qinghai and Jiuzhaigou in Sichuan in China, it was also reported at Lahul in north India, Sun et al. (2001) suggested that it is probably the boreal owl is also distributed in the conifer forest of west Sichuan and east Tibet. The new distribution point in Baoxing and Yajiang in Sichuan corresponds to this conjecture. As a conclusion, we believe that these two specimens should belong to the A. f. beickianus of the boreal owl .     

中国刻胸伪叶甲属一新种记述(鞘翅目:伪叶甲科)

A new species, Aulonogria macroa, sp. nov. belonging to Lagriidae is described from China in the present paper. The type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Southwest Agricultural University.