GDF-15在子宫内膜样腺癌中的表达及意义

目的通过检测生长分化因子15(growth differentiation factor-15,GDF-15)蛋白在正常子宫内膜组织和子宫内膜样腺癌组织中的表达,探讨其在子宫内膜样腺癌中的临床意义。方法运用组织芯片技术和免疫组织化学法检测30例正常子宫内膜组织和52例子宫内膜样腺癌组织中GDF-15表达情况,采取多种统计学方法对数据进行详细分析比较。结果GDF-15在子宫正常内膜组织和内膜样腺癌中的阳性表达率分别是6.7%(2/30)和69.2%(36/52),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=29.947,P=0.000);GDF-15在子宫内膜样腺癌组织浸润深度达≥1/2肌层组中阳性率是90.0%(18/20),明显高于浸润深度1/2肌层组的阳性表达率56.3%(18/32,χ2=6.581,P=0.010);GDF-15在FIGO分期Ⅲ以上癌组织阳性表达率为100%(11/11),显著高于在Ⅰ-Ⅱ期癌组织中阳性表达率61.0%(25/41,χ2=6.201,P=0.013);GDF-15在出现淋巴结转移的阳性表达率为89.5%(17/19),显著高于无淋巴结转移的阳性表达率57.6%(19/33,χ2=5.759,P=0.016);,年龄、月经状态、肿瘤最大直径、病理学分级均与GDF-15表达无关(全部P0.05)。结论 GDF-15表达上调促进子宫内膜样腺癌发展,检测其表达对子宫内膜样腺癌患者的发展及预后的判断有重要参考价值。     

子宫内膜癌组织中uPA及Cath-D的表达及意义(英文)

目的:检测子宫内膜癌组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)及组织蛋白酶(Cath-D)的表达并探讨相关性及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法(PV-6000二步法)检测31例子宫内膜癌组织(内膜癌组),17例子宫内膜增生组织(增生组)及10例正常子宫内膜组织(对照组)中uPA及Cath-D的表达,并研究其相关性。结果:1.内膜癌组中uPA和Cath-D的表达均高于增生组及对照组中的表达,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);在增生组中的表达与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2.uPA和Cath-D的阳性表达与子宫内膜癌的临床病理分期、组织学分级及肌层浸润深度有关,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。3.内膜癌组中uPA与Cath-D的表达呈正相关(r=0.673,P0.05)。结论:uPA和Cath-D在子宫内膜癌发生发展及侵袭转移过程中起着协同作用,Cath-D可诱导产生活化的uPA,促进癌细胞的浸润转移,因此,两者的联合检测可有助于成为判断子宫内膜癌的发展及预后的重要指标。     

p53和VEGF蛋白表达与子宫内膜癌的关系

目的：检测子宫内膜癌组织中血管内皮生长因子与突变型抑癌基因p53的表达情况,以探讨其在子宫内膜癌发生转移中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化S．P法检测45例子宫内膜癌及10例正常子宫内膜组织中VEGF和突变型p53的表达及其相关性,分析其与各临床病理参数之间的关系。结果：子宫内膜癌组织中VEGF及突变型p53蛋白表达阳性率均高于正常子宫内膜,两者呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。两者阳性表达率均与临床分期、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移（P〈0．05）有关,VEGF阳性表达率与肌层浸润深度无明显相关性（P〉0．05）,而突变型p53表达则与肌层浸润深度有关（P〈0.05）。结论：VEGF和突变型p53与子宫内膜癌的发生、侵袭、转移和预后相关。     

MIF和CerbB-2在子宫内膜癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨MIF和Cerb B-2的表达与子宫内膜癌的关系,进一步探讨其表达与子宫内膜癌的发生、发展的关系,为早期诊断子宫内膜癌,判断预后和寻找子宫内膜癌的新的治疗方法奠定基础。方法:应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR和免疫组织化学技术检测正常子宫内膜、不典型增生和子宫内膜癌组织中MIF m RNA、Cerb B-2 m RNA和MIF蛋白、Cerb B-2蛋白的表达,其中免疫组化中子宫内膜癌组根据临床病理特征,如年龄,临床分期,组织学分级,肌层浸润深度和有无淋巴结转移进行分组。结果:正常子宫内膜、不典型增生内膜和子宫内膜癌组织中都有MIF和Cerb B-2的表达,子宫内膜癌中MIF m RNA和Cerb B-2 m RNA扩增含量显示高水平,其阳性表达率随着病变程度的加重而逐渐升高,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.037);MIF主要表达于子宫内膜腺上皮的细胞质中,少量表达于细胞质,在阳性表达的子宫内膜癌组织中,蛋白含量在I期(P=0.033)、G1期(P=0.034)、无淋巴结转移的组织中水平较高(P=0.041),差异具有统计学意义。Cerb B-2蛋白主要表达在子宫内膜的细胞质,少量在细胞膜中表达,阳性表达率子宫内膜癌不典型增生正常子宫内膜,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.013);Cerb B-2蛋白在III-IV(P=0.009)、G2-3期(P=0.033),有淋巴结转移(P=0.018)的子宫内膜癌中表达含量较高,与年龄和肌层浸润深度无关。结论:MIF和Cerb B-2在正常子宫内膜、不典型增生和子宫内膜癌中都有表达,提示着MIF和Cerb B-2与子宫内膜癌的发生和发展有关,MIF在子宫内膜癌的早期表达含量较高,可以作为子宫内膜癌的早期诊断指标,Cerb B-2在子宫内膜癌的晚期表达含量较高,可以促进肿瘤的侵袭转移,可作为判断疾病的严重程度和预后的指标之一。     

基质金属蛋白质酶12在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其意义

目的通过研究基质金属蛋白质酶12（MMP-12）在子宫内膜癌中的表达,探讨其与子宫内膜癌浸润转移的关系。方法应用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白——过氧化物酶免疫组织化学方法（S—P法）和蛋白质印迹（Western—blot）对42例子宫内膜腺癌、12例子宫内膜不典型增生及12例正常子宫内膜组织中的MMP-12的表达进行检测,并分析其与子宫内膜癌临床病理特征之间的关系。结果MMP-12蛋白主要表达于子宫内膜癌细胞胞浆中,在问质中有少量表达。MMP-12在子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜不典型增生的阳性表达率与正常子宫内膜相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,但子宫内膜癌与子宫内膜不典型增生中的MMP-12阳性表达率之问差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。MMP-12在子宫内膜癌细胞中病理分级为G3、G2强阳性率分别为80．00％及57．14％,均高于G1者的（17．39％）（P〉0．05）;不同肌层浸润深度（〈1／2、≥1／2）者的强阳性率分别为42．86％及53．85％,均高于无肌层浸润者的0％（P〈0．05）;有淋巴结转移者高于无淋巴结者（P〈0．05）;手术病理分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期者的强阳性率分别为24．14％、57．14％及83．34％,随着手术病理分期的升高,MMP-12表达强阳性率之间差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论MMP-12在子宫内膜癌中的表达随着病理分级的升高、肌层浸润程度的加深以及手术病理分期的升高而增强。     

子宫内膜癌组织KIF23、LAPTM4B、Snail表达与患者临床病理参数及预后的关系

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌组织驱动蛋白家族成员23(KIF23)、溶酶体相关4次跨膜蛋白质β(LAPTM4B)、Snail表达与患者临床病理参数及预后的关系。方法:选择2012年10月至2015年2月期间在我院治疗的130例子宫内膜癌患者进行临床研究,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测KIF23、LAPTM4B、Snail的表达,分析KIF23、LAPTM4B、Snail的表达与各项临床病理参数及预后的关系。Cox比例风险回归分析子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响因素。结果:子宫内膜癌组织中KIF23、LAPTM4B、Snail阳性率明显高于癌旁正常组织(x~2=61.356、67.031、82.028,均P=0.000)。子宫内膜癌组织中KIF23、LAPTM4B、Snail表达与淋巴结转移、肌层浸润和FIGO分期相关(P0.05)。KIF23、LAPTM4B、Snail阳性患者5年总生存率明显低于KIF23、LAPTM4B、Snail阴性患者(P0.05)。FIGO分期、KIF23、LAPTM4B和Snail是子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响因素(HR=1.409、1.478、1.523、2.178,P0.05)。结论:KIF23、LAPTM4B和Snail在子宫内膜癌中阳性表达率升高,并且均与子宫内膜癌淋巴结转移、肌层浸润、FIGO分期和预后相关,在子宫内膜癌的诊断和预后评估中具有一定临床意义。     

子宫内膜癌C-erbB-2和TTF-1的表达及其与预后的关系

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌组织中C-erbB-2和TTF-1的表达及其与患者临床预后的关系。方法:应用免疫组化S-P法检测正常子宫内膜组织、子宫内膜不典型增生组织、子宫内膜癌组织中C-erbB-2与TTF-1的表达,并分析二者与子宫内膜癌临床病理特征及患者临床预后的关系。结果:子宫内膜癌组织、子宫内膜不典型增生组织、正常子宫内膜组织中C-erbB-2的阳性表达率分别为56.65%、36.67%、16.67%(P0.05),TTF-1的的阳性表达率分别为33.75%、53.33%、70.00%(P0.05)。C-erbB-2的阳性表达与子宫内膜癌的临床病理分期、组织分化、肌层浸润及有无淋巴结转移呈显著正相关(P0.05),与其病理类型无显著相关性(P0.05)。TTF-1的阳性表达与子宫内膜癌的病理分期、组织分化、肌层浸润深度负相关(P0.05),但与有无淋巴结转移及病理类型均无显著相关性(P0.05)。C-erbB-2和TTF-1在子宫内膜癌组织中表达无明显相关性(P=0.303)。子宫内膜癌中C-erbB-2阳性表达者五年生存率(80.90%)显著低于C-erbB-2阴性表达者(93.80%)(P0.05),TTF-1阳性表达者五年生存率(87.70%)略高于TTF-1阴性表达者(85.70%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:子宫内膜癌组织中C-erbB-2的表达显著上调,而TTF-1的表达明显下调,二者表达异常均参与了子宫内膜癌的发生和发展,且C-erbB-2的表达上调与子宫内膜癌患者的不良预后相关。     

子宫内膜癌中E2F-1和p-p38的表达及相关性分析

目的:检测子宫内膜癌组织中E2F-1和p-p38表达情况并探讨其意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测60例子宫内膜癌、32例正常子宫内膜组织中两者的表达.结果:子宫内膜癌组织中E2F-1和p-p38表达定位于细胞核,其阳性表达率分别为58.33％(35/60)和55.00％(33/60)明显高于正常子宫内膜组织,为0、0(P＜0.0S).两者的表达与肌层浸润程度、淋巴结转移、临床分期及病理分期有关(P＜0.05);在子宫内膜癌组织中E2F-1和p-p38两者之间比较表达呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论:E2F-1和p-p38在子宫内膜癌呈高表达,且与子宫内膜癌的发生、发展和转移密切相关.     

SPARC 在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨富含半胱氨酸的酸性分泌型蛋白(secreted protien,acidic and rich in cysteine,SPARC)在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:应用组织芯片技术研究SPARC在正常子宫内膜、增生的子宫内膜和子宫内膜癌组织中的表达情况。结果:SPARC在正常子宫内膜、增生的子宫内膜和子宫内膜癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为96.55%、76.79%、59.50%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在子宫内膜癌中,SPARC的表达强度与手术-病理分期、组织学分级、肌层浸润深度和淋巴结转移相关,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:SPARC表达的缺失与子宫内膜癌的发生、发展密切相关,检测SPARC可为子宫内膜癌的早期诊断、进一步治疗及预后判断提供一定的理论依据。     

PTEN蛋白在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的　探讨抑癌基因PTEN产物PTEN蛋白在由正常子宫内膜过渡至子宫内膜癌过程中的表达缺失情况及其临床意义。方法　用SP免疫组化法测定 73例子宫内膜癌、 2 5例子宫内膜非典型增生、 71例子宫内膜增殖症和 31例正常子宫内膜组织中PTEN蛋白的表达 ,并与组织学类型、组织学分级、肌层浸润深度和临床分期等生物学行为进行相关分析。结果　PTEN蛋白在子宫内膜腺癌和癌前病变中的表达缺失率分别为 6 6 6 7%和 76 0 0 % ,表达缺失率与组织学类型(P <0 0 0 5 )和组织学分级有关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,与子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度和临床分期无关 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　PTEN表达缺失是子宫内膜癌发生的早期分子事件 ,PTEN蛋白表达缺失是早期诊断子宫内膜癌及癌前病变较好的生物标志。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.