替吉奥联合顺铂治疗晚期胃癌临床疗效研究

目的:研究替吉奥联合顺铂治疗晚期胃癌的疗效和安全性.方法:42例晚期胃腺癌患者随机分为观察组(21例)与对照组(21例)两组,观察组采用替吉奥联合顺铂,对照组采用卡培他滨联合顺铂.结果:两组患者疗效间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组的不良反应主要为骨髓抑制、消化道反应和乏力,观察组Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血小板减少发生率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),Ⅲ～Ⅳ度手足综合征的发生率亦显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:替吉奥联合顺铂治疗晚期胃癌疗效与卡培他滨联合顺铂相当,但其患者耐受性更好,值得临床进一步研究推广使用.     

奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨治疗中老年晚期结肠癌的临床效果

目的探讨奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨治疗中老年晚期结肠癌的临床效果。方法将我院2016年11月～2017年11月收治的104例中老年晚期结肠癌患者按照入院先后顺序分为对照组和观察组,每组各52例。对照组给予奥沙利铂治疗,观察组给予奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨治疗,对比两组患者治疗后不良反应发生情况,治疗效果以及治疗前后功能状态评分情况。结果观察组患者治疗后不良情况发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05),观察组患者治疗后的疾病控制率及治疗有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前的功能状态评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的功能状态评分情况明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨治疗中老年晚期结肠癌的效果良好,不良反应低,值得临床应用。     

卡培他滨结合伊立替康治疗晚期结肠癌的临床研究

目的:卡培他滨结合伊立替康治疗晚期结肠癌的临床研究。方法:选取2014年5月-2015年5月在我院接受治疗的100例结肠癌患者作为本次的研究对象,随机将其分为观察组和对照组,n=50,观察组患者采用卡培他滨结合伊立替康治疗,对照组患者仅采用卡培他滨治疗,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果:治疗后对比两组患者的总有效率,观察组为94.00%,对照组为68.00%;对比两组患者不良反应发生情况,观察组和对照组也存在差异,两组结果对比有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对晚期结肠癌患者采用卡培他滨结合伊立替康治疗临床效果显著,不良反应较少,值得在临床上推广应用。     

替吉奥治疗结肠癌的研究

目的:探讨替吉奥治疗结肠癌的疗效。方法:75例经病理组织学确诊的结肠癌患者,分为A、B、C组。A组:替吉奥联合奥沙利铂(艾恒)25例。B组:5-Fu/LV联合奥沙利铂(艾恒)25例。C组:替吉奥单药治疗25例。观察疗效、疾病控制率及不良反应。结果:A组、C组与B组对比,不良反应发生率明显降低。A组有效率48%,疾病控制率88%。B组有效率28%,疾病控制率84%。C组有效率32%,疾病控制率80%。结论:替吉奥是结肠癌辅助化疗联合用药及单药治疗老年结直肠癌较好的治疗药物。     

替吉奥联合奥沙利铂及多西紫杉醇治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效和安全性评估

目的:观察替吉奥联合奥沙利铂及多西紫杉醇治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效,并对其用药安全性进行评估。方法:选取2010年8月—2012年8月在我院接受治疗的晚期胃癌患者68例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组34例。对照组患者采取5-FU+奥沙利铂+多西紫杉醇进行治疗,而观察组患者给予替吉奥+奥沙利铂+多西紫杉醇进行治疗,比较两组患者接受不同药物治疗所得到的近期疗效及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组治疗的总有效率为58.82%,而对照组治疗的总有效率为32.35%,观察组明显高于对照组,差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者治疗后的不良反应发生率为8.82%,而对照组患者治疗后的不良反应发生率为32.35%,观察组明显低于对照组,差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:替吉奥联合奥沙利铂及多西紫杉醇治疗晚期胃癌疗效显著,不良反应少,患者耐受良好,值得进一步推广和应用。     

伊立替康联合奥沙利铂治疗可降低晚期结直肠癌的近期不良反应发生率

观察伊立替康联合奥沙利铂在治疗晚期结直肠癌中的近期不良反应发生率。收集2009年4月至2015年10月在我院住院接受治疗的晚期结肠癌患者42例。随机分成两组,每组21例,观察组为伊立替康联合奥沙利铂,对照组为奥沙利铂联合亚叶酸钙、5-氟尿嘧啶。主要观察指标为治疗效果及近期不良反应事件。结果显示,伊立替康联合奥沙利铂在治疗晚期结直肠癌的总体疗效上与对照组无统计学差异;近期总体不良反应发生率23.8%,显著低于对照组总体不良反应发生率57.1%,其中以消化系统和血液系统不良反应为主。伊立替康联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期结直肠癌的近期总体不良反应发生率相对较低,在临床上应用过程中需要注意消化系统和血液系统相关的不良反应的发生。     

替吉奥治疗结肠癌的研究

目的：探讨替吉奥治疗结肠癌的疗效。方法：75例经病理组织学确诊的结肠癌患者,分为A、B、C组。A组：替吉奥联合奥沙利铂（艾恒）25例。B组：5-Fu／LV联合奥沙利铂（艾恒）25例。C组：替吉奥单药治疗25例。观察疗效、疾病控制率及不良反应。结果：A组、C组与B组对比,不良反应发生率明显降低。A组有效率48％,疾病控制率88％。B组有效率28％,疾病控制率84％。C组有效率32％,疾病控制率80％。结论：替吉奥是结肠癌辅助化疗联合用药及单药治疗老年结直肠癌较好的治疗药物。     

卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期结直肠癌的疗效及对生活质量的影响

目的:探讨卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期结直肠癌患者的临床疗效及对患者生活质量的影响。方法:选取我院2013年3月-2015年12月收治的40例晚期结直肠癌患者,按乱数表法分为观察组和对照组各20例。对照组给予卡培他滨治疗,观察组给予卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗,两组均治疗3周期。对比两组患者治疗后4周的客观缓解率和临床受益率,对比两组患者治疗前、治疗后4周的功能状态评分(KPS)和体力状况评分(ZPS),对比两组患者6个月、1年生存率以及并发症发生率。结果:治疗后4周观察组临床受益率和客观缓解率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前相比,治疗后4周两组KPS评分显著升高,ZPS评分显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,治疗后4周观察组KPS评分显著升高,ZPS评分显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者在治疗过程中恶心呕吐、口腔黏膜炎、贫血、血小板减少、白细胞减少、腹泻等并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组1年生存率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期结直肠癌患者疗效较好,能提高患者的客观缓解率、临床受益率、生活质量和1年生存率,较单用卡培他滨治疗优势明显,值得临床推广。     

培美曲塞与吉西他滨联合卡铂治疗初治老年晚期肺腺癌的临床观察

目的:比较培美曲塞与吉西他滨联合卡铂治疗初治老年晚期肺腺癌的疗效和安全性。方法:收集2010年1月-2011年12月我院≥65岁的Ⅲb期和Ⅳ期肺腺患者84例,随机分为培美曲塞联合卡铂(PC)组:培美曲塞500 mg/m2d1,卡铂按曲线下面积(Auc)=5的剂量水平d2;吉西他滨联合卡铂(GC)组:吉西他滨1000 mg/m2d1,8,卡铂按Auc=5的剂量水平d2,两组1个治疗周期均为21 d,每组42例,比较两组患者的有效率,不良反应及1、2年生存率。结果:PC组和GC组总有效率分别为28.6%和19%(P0.05),疾病控制率分别为73.8%和57.1%(P0.05);两组的中位PFS分别为11.8个月和10.2个月(P0.05),1年生存率分别为52.3%和51.2%(P0.05),2年生存率分别为24.1%和22.4%(P0.05);PC组患者白细胞减少、贫血及血小板减少的不良反应发生率均明显低于GC组(P0.05)。结论:培美曲塞联合卡铂与吉西他滨联合卡铂对初治老年晚期肺腺癌的疗效相近,但前者可能更安全;PC方案可作为老年晚期肺腺癌有效的一线化疗方案。     

顺铂和替吉奥治疗晚期头颈部肿瘤临床疗效观察

目的:研究顺铂和替吉奥治疗晚期头颈部肿瘤临床疗效观察。方法:选取我院收治的晚期头颈部肿瘤患者100例,分为观察组和对照组各50例,观察组用顺铂和替吉奥治疗,对照组用替吉奥治疗,对比治疗效果和不良反应。结果:观察组的有效率高于对照组,不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对晚期头颈部肿瘤患者进行顺铂和替吉奥联合治疗效果好。     

Alkylation of isolated chromatin with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea

When isolated chromatin is incubated with the carcinogens N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MeNU) and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (EtNU), DNA and chromosomal proteins become alkylated to increasingly greater extents as the carcinogen concentrations increase. With either MeNU or EtNU, the core and linker DNA of chromatin are alkylated to essentially identical extents. Alkylation of chromatin DNA as well as free DNA is drastically reduced at physiological ionic strengths (e.g. 0.15 M NaCl). The presence of 0.15 M NaCl, on the other hand, enhances alkylation of chromosomal proteins. While EtNU is much less reactive to DNA than MeNU, alkylation of chromosomal proteins relative to that of chromatin DNA has been found to be markedly greater with EtNU than with MeNU. Such a difference in their relative reactivities toward DNA and proteins may be related to the known difference of carcinogenic potency between these N-nitroso compounds.     

Association of the eukaryotic V1VO ATPase subunits a with d and d with A

Owing to the complex nature of V₁V_O ATPases, identification of neighboring subunits is essential for mechanistic understanding of this enzyme. Here, we describe the links between the V₁ headpiece and the V_O-domain of the yeast V₁V_O ATPase via subunit A and d as well as the V_O subunits a and d using surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Binding constants of about 60 and 200 nM have been determined for the a-d and d-A assembly, respectively. The data are discussed in light of subunit a and d forming a peripheral stalk, connecting the catalytic A₃B₃ hexamer with V_O.

Structured summary

MINT-7012054: d (uniprotkb:P32366) binds (MI:0407) to A (uniprotkb:P17255) by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (MI:0052)MINT-7012041: d (uniprotkb:P32366) binds (MI:0407) to A (uniprotkb:P17255) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)MINT-7012028: d (uniprotkb:P32366) binds (MI:0407) to a (uniprotkb:P32563) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)     

Association of upregulated Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling with autism

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, verbal communication and repetitive behaviors. BTBR mouse is currently used as a model for understanding mechanisms that may be responsible for the pathogenesis of autism. Growing evidence suggests that Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling plays death-promoting apoptotic roles in neural cells. Recent studies showed a possible association between neural cell death and autism. In addition, two studies reported that a deletion of a locus on chromosome 16, which includes the MAPK3 gene that encodes ERK1, is associated with autism. We thus hypothesized that Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling could be abnormally regulated in the brain of BTBR mice that models autism. In this study, we show that expression of Ras protein was significantly elevated in frontal cortex and cerebellum of BTBR mice as compared with B6 mice. The phosphorylations of A-Raf, B-Raf and C-Raf were all significantly increased in frontal cortex of BTBR mice. However, only C-Raf phosphorylation was increased in the cerebellum of BTBR mice. In addition, we further detected that the activities of both MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, which are the downstream kinases of Ras/Raf signaling, were significantly enhanced in the frontal cortex. We also detected that ERK1/2 is significantly over-expressed in frontal cortex of autistic subjects. Our results indicate that Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling is upregulated in the frontal cortex of BTBR mice that model autism. These findings, together with the enhanced ERK1/2 expression in autistic frontal cortex, imply that Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling activities could be increased in autistic brain and involved in the pathogenesis of autism.     

Infection of Promecotheca papuana with Synnematium jonesii

The fungus Synnematium jonesii was isolated from naturally infected adults of Promecotheca papuana and cultured in vitro. Caged beetles were successfully inoculated using an aqueous suspension of conidia and also a dust prepared from dried sclerotia. The implications of using this fungus for the control of P. papuana outbreaks is discussed.     

Hebeloma species associated with Cistus

The genus Hebeloma has a number of species highly specific to Cistus and others that occur with several host genera. This paper discusses the species of Hebeloma that appear to be ectomycorrhizal with Cistus, judging from their occurrence when Cistus is the only available host. The previously unknown species H. plesiocistum spec. nov. is described. We also provide a key to the known Hebeloma associates of Cistus. Molecular analyses based on ITS sequence data further illustrate the distinctness of the newly described species and difficulties in the species delimitation with view to H. erumpens. Specific associations with Cistus may have evolved more than once within the genus Hebeloma.     

板蓝根颗粒对甲型流感病毒小鼠的作用

目的测定板蓝根颗粒抗流感病毒的药效作用。方法 A/California/7/2009（CA7）病毒滴鼻感染BALB/c小鼠观察14d,观察板蓝根对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠的保护作用,计算小鼠存活率、存活天数以及延长生命率。感染的小鼠第5天每组小鼠处死一半,取肺组织,观察板蓝根对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠肺组织的保护作用。结果板蓝根可明显延长甲型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠的存活天数并提高存活率,病理结果显示板蓝根对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染的小鼠的肺组织有一定程度的保护作用,与模型组比较差异显著（P〈0.05）。结论板蓝根颗粒对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染的小鼠有较好的保护作用。     

Prosthecium species with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer

Data from microscopic morphology, single-spore cultures, and DNA analyses of teleomorphs and anamorphs support the recognition of five species of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer: P. acerinum sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. acerinum; P. acerophilum comb. nov., formerly known as Dictyoporthe acerophila; P. galeatum comb. nov., originally described as Massaria galeata; P. opalus sp. nov.; and P. pyriforme sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. pyriforme s. str. The morphology of both type specimens and freshly collected material was investigated. The teleomorphs have brown ellipsoidal ascospores with five distosepta and often a longitudinal distoseptum. The anamorphs of all species described here belong to Stegonsporium; their connection to the Prosthecium teleomorphs was demonstrated by morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. The anamorphs and teleomorphs of all five Prosthecium species are described and illustrated by LM images, and a key to these species is provided. As perceived from this work, S. pyriforme is restricted to Europe and does not occur in North America, whereas S. acerinum is restricted to North America, not found in Europe. The host associations given in the literature are revised and evidence is provided that only A. opalus, A. pseudoplatanus, and A. saccharum are confirmed hosts of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tef1, ITS rDNA, and partial nuLSU rDNA sequences confirm that the species with Stegonsporium anamorphs are closely related to P. ellipsosporum, the generic type species. Stilbospora macrosperma is confirmed as the anamorph of P. ellipsosporum by DNA data of single spore isolates obtained from both ascospores and conidia.     

Interaction of anthelmintic benzimidazoles with AscarisSuum embryonic tubulin

The ability of mebendazole and fenbendazole to bind to tubulin in cytosolic fractions from 8-day Ascaris suum embryos was determined by inhibition studies with [³H]colchicine. Colchicine binding in the presence of 1·10^?6 M mebendazole was completely inhibited during a 6 h incubation period at 37°C. Inhibition of colchicine binding to A. suum embryonic tubulin by mebendazole and fenbendazole appeared to be noncompetative. The inhibition constants of mebendazole and fenbendazole for A. suum embryonic tubulin were 1.9·10^?8 M and 6.5·10^?8 M, respectively. Mebendazole and fenbendazole appeared to be competitive inhibitors of colchicine binding to bovine brain tubulin. The inhibition constants of mebendazole and fenbendazole for bovine brain tubulin were 7.3·10^?6 M and 1.7·10^?5 M, respectively. These values are 250–400 times greater than the inhibition constants of fenbendazole and mebendazole for A. suum embryonic tubulin. Differential binding affinities between nematode tubulin and mammalian tubulin for benzimidazoles may explain the selective toxicity. The importance of tubulin as a receptor for anthelmintic benzimidazoles in animal parasitic nematodes is discussed.     

Association of Cdc42/N-WASP/Arp2/3 signaling pathway with Golgi membranes

Recent findings indicate that Cdc42 regulates Golgi-to-ER (endoplasmic reticulum) protein transport through N-WASP and Arp2/3 (Luna et al. 2002, Mol. Biol. Cell, 13:866-879). To analyse the components of the Cdc42-governed signaling pathway in the secretory pathway, we localized Cdc42, N-WASP and Arp2/3 in the Golgi complex by cryoimmunoelectron microscopy. Cdc42 is found throughout the Golgi stack, particularly in cis/middle cisternae, whereas N-WASP and Arp3 (a component of the Arp2/3 complex) are restricted to cis cisternae. Arp3 also colocalized in peri-Golgi tubulovesicular structures with either KDEL receptor or GM130. Even though Arp3 is not found in TGN46-positive cisternal elements, a small fraction of Arp3-labeled tubulo-vesicular elements showed TGN46 labeling. Active Cdc42 (GTP-bound form) induced relocation of N-WASP and Arp3 to the lateral rims of Golgi cisternae. These results show that the actin nucleation and polymerization signaling pathway governed by Cdc42/N-WASP/Arp operates in the Golgi complex of mammalian cells, further implicating actin dynamics in Golgi-associated membrane trafficking.