钙蛋白酶介导模拟失重大鼠心肌肌钙蛋白抑制亚基的降解

本文旨在观察尾部悬吊模拟失重大鼠心肌钙蛋白酶(calpain)与钙蛋白酶抑素(calpastatin)表达的变化,以探讨心肌肌钙蛋白抑制亚基(cardiac troponin I,cTnI)降解的可能机制。采用尾部悬吊模拟失重大鼠模型,Western blotting技术观测心肌calpain-1、calpain-2与calpastatin的表达;PD150606抑制calpain活性,分析cTnI降解程度的变化。结果显示:与同步对照组相比,悬吊2周与4周组大鼠心肌calpastatin表达呈显著性降低(P0.05),calpain-1表达未改变,calpain-2表达略有降低;但是,心肌calpain-1/calpastatin及calpain-2/calpastatin的比值在悬吊2周与4周组明显增高(P0.05,P0.01)。悬吊4周组cTnI降解显著高于对照组(P0.01);然而,用calpain非特异性抑制剂PD150606处理后,对照组及悬吊组cTnI的降解均被显著抑制(P0.01)。这些结果提示模拟失重大鼠心肌calpain活性增高可能增加cTnI的降解。     

恒河猴细菌感染性子宫出血模型内膜组织基质金属蛋白酶1、9及其抑制剂的表达

目的　探讨基质金属蛋白酶 1、9在炎性子宫出血中的作用。方法　运用免疫组化链霉素抗生物素蛋白 过氧化物酶染色法 (SP)检测细菌感染性子宫出血恒河猴模型组子宫内膜组织中基质金属蛋白酶 1、9(MMP 1、MMP 9)及其抑制剂 (TIMP 1)的表达 ,用正常恒河猴子宫内膜作对照。结果　模型组子宫内膜组织间质、腺上皮中MMP 1、9的表达明显高于正常对照组 ,而TIMP 1的表达与正常组水平相似。结论　基质金属蛋白酶 1、9的高度表达可能与炎症导致的异常子宫出血有关。     

Kiss-1、MMP2、TIMP2蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨Kiss-1、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP2),组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-2(TIMP2)在甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)原发灶与淋巴结转移灶中的表达。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测86例PTC原发灶及其40例颈部淋巴结转移性癌灶中Kiss-1、MMP2、TIMP2的表达。结果 1.伴有颈部淋巴结转移的PTC原发灶中MMP2的表达强度高于无淋巴结转移者,而前者Kiss-1、TIMP2的表达强度均低于后者,两者的差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);2.PTC转移灶中MMP2的表达强度高于原发灶,它们的差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),而TIMP2、Kiss-1在原发灶与转移灶中表达强度的差异无具统计学意义(P0.05);3.三者在PTC原发灶和转移灶中表达强度的自身对比差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);4.在PTC有转移组原发灶中,Kiss-1的表达与MMP2、TIMP2的表达相关(r=0.604,P0.05;r=0.819,P0.05);在PTC无转移组原发灶中,Kiss-1的表达与MMP2、TIMP2的表达相关(r=0.906,P0.05;r=0.915,P0.05)。结论 MMP2在PTC癌组织中的表达增强,尤其在转移灶中的高表达可能在PTC淋巴结转移过程中起着主导作用;而TIMP2、Kiss-1的表达下调,尤其在自身转移灶中的低表达可能在转移过程中与前者相得益彰。     

间断性人工重力对模拟失重大鼠颈总动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究3周模拟失重大鼠颈总动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡的变化及间断性人工重力对其的影响。方法:以尾部悬吊大鼠(SUS)模拟失重,同期每天悬吊23h、站立1h(STD)模拟间断性人工重力的对抗效果,用M30染色及Tunel染色方法观察3周SUS组、同步对照(CON)组及STD组颈总动脉平滑肌细胞早期和中晚期的凋亡情况,并用免疫组织化学方法及Western blot印迹方法观察各组大鼠颈总动脉组织Caspase-3的蛋白表达变化。结果:与CON组比较,SUS组大鼠颈总动脉平滑肌细胞M30染色阳性细胞明显减少,STD组M30染色阳性细胞较CON组及SUS组显著增加;SUS组Tunel染色阳性细胞较CON组及STD组显著减少,STD组Tunel染色阳性细胞较CON组及SUS组显著增加;SUS组Caspase-3的表达较CON组显著降低(P<0.05),STD组Caspase-3的表达较CON组及SUS组显著增高(P<0.01)。结论:模拟失重可引起大鼠颈总动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡减少,每日1 h的-Gx对抗使颈总动脉的凋亡增加。Caspase-3可能在调控模拟失重所致血管组织平滑肌细胞的凋亡中发挥作用。     

基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂mRNA在正常及异位子宫内膜中的表达

目的：观察正常及异位子宫内膜中基质金属蛋白酶－1,－2（MMP－1,－2）和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂－1（TIMP－1）基因表达的变化,以探讨其与子宫内膜异位症的关系。方法：应用原位技术,采用地高辛生物素标记的cDNA探针（MMP－1,MMP－2,TIMP－1）对子宫内膜异位症患者（EM组）的子宫内膜（14例）、异位病灶组织（20例）及非子宫内膜异位症患者（对照组）的子宫内膜（12例）,分3批进行分子杂交检测,结果：3批结果相似。MMP－1,－2,TIMP－1mRNA在腺上皮细胞和间质细胞均有表达,EM组的子宫内膜MMP－1,－2及TIMP－1mRNA表达量与对照组无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,异位病灶组织的MMP－1,－2mRNA表达量明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）,而TIMP－1mRNA表达量则低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论：子宫内膜异位症患者的异位病灶中,存在MMP－1,－2和TIMP－1明显的平衡失调,这可能与子宫内膜异位症的发生、发展和不孕有关。     

锌转运蛋白ZIP8 在骨关节炎中的表达及其机制研究

目的:探讨锌转运蛋白ZIP8在骨关节炎患者中的表达及其对软骨细胞生长及基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)表达的影响。方法:收集20例骨关节炎患者(OA组)和20例非骨关节炎患者(对照组)血清和软骨组织;采用原子吸收分光光度计测定患者血清和软骨组织中锌离子的表达水平;MTT方法检测软骨细胞的生长活力;采用小RNA干扰沉默ZIP8基因的表达;实时荧光定量PCR方法检测ZIP8及金属基质蛋白酶MMP3、MMP9、MMP12和MMP13等基因的m RNA表达水平;蛋白免疫印迹检测ZIP8及MMP3、MMP9、MMP12和MMP13等蛋白的表达水平。结果:OA组的血清和软骨组织中的锌离子浓度明显高于对照组(P0.01)。OA组软骨组织中ZIP8的m RNA(P0.05)和蛋白(P0.01)表达水平显著高于对照组。ZIP8小RNA干扰片段可以有效的沉默ZIP的基因表达(P0.01);沉默ZIP8的表达促进骨关节炎患者来源的软骨细胞的生长(P0.05),并且降低基质金属蛋白酶包括MMP3,MMP9,MMP12和MMP13的表达水平(P0.05)。结论:ZIP8与骨关节炎密切相关,沉默ZIP8的表达可以提高软骨细胞的生长活力,并且抑制基质金属蛋白酶的表达,为骨关节炎的治疗提供了新的靶点。     

胰腺应激蛋白PSP/reg抑制胰腺星状细胞TIMPs:MMPs及RECK表达

目的 观察胰腺应激蛋白PSP/reg对胰腺星状细胞(PSC)合成和分泌基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)及其组织抑制剂(TIMPs)以及RECK表达的影响.方法 分离纯化慢性胰腺炎患者纤维化区的PSC,基因重组胰腺应激蛋白PSP/reg,以终浓度为10和100 ng/mL对PSC进行干预,实时荧光定量PCR检测MMP1/2、TIMP1/2及RECK基因表达,Western blot测定MMP1/2、TIMP1/2及RECK蛋白,细胞免疫荧光观察细胞膜表面RECK分布.结果 PSP/reg对MMP1/2、TIMP1/2及RECK表达无明显影响;PSP/reg轻度抑制PSC培养上清中MMP2水平(P＜0.05),而显著抑制TIMP1/2水平(P ＜0.01);PSC细胞膜表面发现有RECK蛋白,PSP/reg减少PSC的RECK含量(P＜0.01).结论 胰腺应激蛋白PSP/reg能够降低TIMPs:MMPs比率、减少RECK蛋白水平表达,从而解除对MMPs的部分抑制,使MMPs活性相对增高,有利于纤维化的分解消散,促进胰腺损伤后的再生修复.     

尾部悬吊对大鼠胸主动脉氧化应激水平的影响

目的:观察模拟失重对大鼠胸主动脉氧化应激水平的影响,探讨其可能机制。方法:采用3周尾部悬吊大鼠模型模拟失重状态,通过DHE荧光探针技术观察大鼠动脉血管超氧阴离子水平变化,通过比色法测定大鼠动脉血管丙二醛(MDA)含量,通过蛋白印记技术观察悬吊(SUS)大鼠和正常对照(CON)大鼠动脉血管NOX4、p22phox的表达变化。结果:尾部悬吊3周后,SUS组大鼠胸主动脉超氧阴离子水平较CON组明显增高,SUS组(0.849±0.023 nmol/mg protein)大鼠MDA含量较CON组(0.575±0.054nmol/mg protein)明显增加;SUS组大鼠胸主动脉的p22phox及NOX4蛋白表达均较CON组明显增强。结论:模拟失重3周可使大鼠胸主动脉氧化应激水平明显增高,p22phox及NOX4蛋白表达明显增多,结果提示,尾部悬吊模拟失重状态下氧化应激水平增高可能与NADPH氧化酶表达增高有关。     

Le^Y寡糖单克隆抗体对小鼠胚泡基质金属蛋白酶表达和分泌的影响

以LeY 寡糖特异性单克隆抗体AH6为工具中和胚泡表面LeY 寡糖后 ,通过RT PCR、明胶酶谱法、免疫印迹法等方法 ,在体外研究了着床前小鼠胚泡表面LeY 寡糖抗原与其基质金属蛋白酶 (MMP)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子 (TIMP1)的表达和分泌之间的关系。结果显示 :胚泡表面LeY 寡糖抗原被中和后仅 1.5h ,胚泡MMP2和MMP9基因转录表达明显下降、而TIMP1基因转录表达则略有升高 ;随后抗体中和引起胚泡MMP2、MMP9的分泌减少 ,而TIMP1的分泌则未见明显变化。结果表明胚泡表面的LeY 寡糖抗原对着床前胚泡的MMP的合成和分泌具有调节作用 ,而且这种作用可能主要是通过调节相应的MMP2和MMP9基因的表达而引起的     

大鼠视网膜色素上皮细胞分离的改良及其MMP表达

目的探索和优化大鼠视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞分离培养的方法,评价RPE细胞的存活状态及细胞基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)的表达,为相关眼底疾病的研究提供细胞来源。方法采用改良的三步酶消化法分离大鼠RPE细胞,并进行细胞体外培养。倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,细胞生长曲线评价不同培养代数的RPE细胞的增殖活力。免疫荧光检测CRALBP和角蛋白表达鉴定RPE细胞,并观察不同培养代数RPE细胞中多种基质金属蛋白酶的表达。结果分离培养的RPE细胞可呈梭形、六角形,并维持RPE细胞特征性蛋白CRALBP和角蛋白表达,但细胞内色素成分随着细胞分裂和传代次数的增多逐渐减少。基质金属蛋白酶MMP2、MMP3、MMP9和MMP10在第1代和第3代RPE细胞中均表达阳性,且表达强度未见明显改变。结论应用改良的三步酶消化法可以成功的分离培养大鼠RPE细胞,并在第1代和第3代RPE细胞维持基质金属蛋白酶MMP2、MMP3、MMP9和MMP10的阳性表达。体外培养的大鼠RPE细胞为研究视网膜相关疾病提供了细胞模型。     

血浆M-CSF、MMP9、TIMP-1水平及HPV阳性大鼠宫颈癌增殖能力的关系研究

摘要 目的：探究血浆巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（Macrophage colony stimulating factor, M-CSF）、基质金属蛋白酶9（Matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP9）及其组织抑制因子1（tissue inhibitor of the metalloproteinases, TIMP1）水平及人乳头瘤病毒（Human papilloma virus,HPV）阳性大鼠宫颈癌增殖能力的关系。方法：20只健康雌性Wistar白化大鼠根据实验目的分为两组：对照组（异种移植时注射SiHa细胞作为对照实验,n=10）和观察组（将转染sh-M-CSF、sh-MMP9和sh-TIMP-1的SiHa细胞注射大鼠的子宫颈,n=10）。通过ELISA测定大鼠血浆M-CSF、MMP9和TIMP-1的水平。通过PCR检测实验大鼠中M-CSF、MMP9和TIMP-1的mRNA表达。使用数字游标卡尺分析大异种移植大鼠肿瘤体积生长。第3、4、5周分别处死并切除大鼠肿瘤进行称重。通过免疫组织化学分析肿瘤组织中增殖细胞核抗原（Proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA）、pAKT和pSTAT3的蛋白表达。通过免疫组织化学染色和TUNEL染色分别确定Ki67阳性细胞数量及凋亡细胞数量。结果：观察组较对照组M-CSF、MMP9和TIMP-1的水平降低（P<0.05）。观察组较对照组M-CSF、MMP9和TIMP-1的mRNA表达降低（P<0.05）。随着时间的增加,两组大鼠肿瘤体积均增加。1周和2周对照组和观察组大鼠肿瘤体积比较无差异（P>0.05）,第3周、第4周和第5周,观察组较对照组大鼠肿瘤体积降低（P<0.05）。观察组较对照组大鼠体内肿瘤重量减少（P<0.05）。观察组较对照组PCNA、pAKT和pSTAT3的蛋白表达量降低（P<0.05）。观察组较对照组Ki67 阳性细胞数量降低,凋亡细胞升高（P<0.05）。结论：降低血浆M-CSF、MMP2和TIMP1水平可促进HPV阳性大鼠宫颈癌细胞凋亡,有效抑制细胞增殖。     

MMP-2、MMP-7、MMP-9、TIMP-1及TIMP-2在乳腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤浸润转移的关系,为乳腺癌的临床治疗及预后预测提供基础。方法:选择我院2012年5月至2014年5月收治的乳腺癌患者80例,对所选病例的乳腺癌组织、癌旁组织及正常乳腺组织样本进行检测。观察并比较不同乳腺组织中MMP-2,MMP-7、MMP-9、TIMP-1及TIMP-2 m RNA的表达水平。结果:与正常乳腺组织相比较,乳腺癌组织和癌旁组织中MMP-2、MMP-7、MMP-9,TIMP-1及TIMP-2 m RNA的表达显著增加,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。乳腺癌组织中MMP-2、MMP-7、MMP-9、TIMP-1及TIMP-2 m RNA的表达显著高于癌旁组织和正常组织,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。随着肿瘤范围扩大,MMP-2、MMP-7和MMP-9 m RNA的表达水平显著增加(P0.05),而TIMP-1和TIMP-2 m RNA表达无显著变化(P0.05)。随着淋巴结转移进展,MMP-2、MMP-7和MMP-9 m RNA的表达显著增加(P0.05),而TIMP-1和TIMP-2 m RNA无显著变化(P0.05)。结论:MMP-2、MMP-7、MMP-9、TIMP-1和TIMP-2的m RNA在乳腺癌组织中呈高表达,这可能与乳腺癌的发生和发展有关,而MMP-2、MMP-7和MMP-9可能有助于预测乳腺癌的侵袭行为。     

Local oestrogen therapy modulates extracellular matrix and immune response in the vaginal tissue of post‐menopausal women with severe pelvic organ prolapse

This study investigates the effect of local oestrogen therapy (LET) on the expression of proteins participating in collagen/elastin biogenesis and immune markers in vaginal tissues of post‐menopausal women with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Vaginal biopsies were collected from the anterior vaginal wall of informed and consented 52 post‐menopausal women with severe POP undergoing total hysterectomy. Twenty‐nine of the 52 women were treated with LET (in the form of vaginal oestrogen cream or tablet), while the remaining 23 untreated patients served as the controls. This study was approved by Sinai Health System REB. Vaginal tissue specimens were analysed for gene and protein expression using real‐time RT‐PCR and Luminex assays, protein localization and immune cell infiltration were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Forty‐four cytokines were detected. We found that LET application: (a) significantly increased (P < 0.05) gene and protein expression levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) structural proteins, collagen and elastin, as well as the expression of ECM maturation enzyme BMP1; (b) decreased protein expression level of ECM degradation enzymes MMP1, MMP2 and MMP3 accompanied by an increase in their tissue inhibitors, TIMP1 and TIMP4; (c) significantly increased (P < 0.05) the gene and protein expression levels of 14 vaginal cytokines involved in leucocyte infiltration, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that LET plays an important role in the activation of immune system within the local vaginal environment, limiting the undesirable ECM degradation, which supports the strengthening of vaginal ECM in post‐menopausal women, therefore resisting menopause/age‐related changes and inducing urogenital tract tissue regeneration.     

Dynamic expression profiles of MMPs/TIMPs and collagen deposition in mechanically unloaded rat heart: implications for left ventricular assist device support-induced cardiac alterations

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) ameliorate heart failure by reducing preload and afterload. However, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition after application of LVADs is not clearly defined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate ECM remodeling after mechanical unloading in a rat heart transplant model. Sixty male Lewis rats were subjected to abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation, and the transplanted hearts were pressure- and volume-unloaded. The age- and weight- matched male Lewis rats who had undergone open thoracic surgeries were used as the control. Left ventricle ECM accumulation and the expression/activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were measured on the third, seventh, and fourteenth days after transplantation/sham surgery. Compared with the control group, myocardial ECM deposition significantly increased on the seventh and fourteenth days after heart transplantation (P?<?0.05) and peaked on the 14th day. The gelatinase activity as well as mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 significantly increased after transplantation (P?<?0.05). Both mRNA and protein levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 significantly increased compared with those of the control group. Mechanical unloading may lead to adverse remodeling of the ECM of the left ventricle. The underlying mechanism may due to the imbalance of the MMP/TIMP system, especially the remarkable upregulation of TIMPs in the pressure and volume unloaded heart.     

Matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity following prostaglandin F(2 alpha)-induced luteolysis

Luteal tissue contains matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that cleave specific components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are inhibited by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We previously reported a decrease in luteal TIMP-1 within 15 min of prostaglandin F(2 alpha) (PGF(2 alpha))-induced luteolysis. An increase in the MMP:TIMP ratio may promote ECM degradation and apoptosis, as observed in other tissues that undergo involution. The objectives of these experiments were to determine whether 1) PGF(2 alpha) affects expression of mRNA encoding fibrillar collagenases (MMP-1 and -13), gelatinases A and B (MMP-2 and -9), membrane type (mt)-1 MMP (MMP-14), stromelysin (MMP-3), and matrilysin (MMP-7), and 2) PGF(2 alpha) increases MMP activity during PGF(2 alpha)-induced luteolysis in sheep. Corpora lutea (n = 3-10/time point) were collected at 0, 15, and 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after PGF(2 alpha) administration. Northern blot analysis confirmed the presence of all MMPs except MMP-9. Expression of mRNA for the above MMPs (except MMP-2) increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 30 min, and all MMPs increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 6 h after PGF(2 alpha) administration. Expression of MMP-14 mRNA increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 15 min post-PGF(2 alpha) and remained elevated through 48 h. MMP activity in luteal homogenates (following proenzyme activation and inactivation of inhibitors) was increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 15 min and remained elevated through 48 h post-PGF(2 alpha). MMP activity was localized (in situ zymography) to the pericellular area of various cell types in the 0-h group and was markedly increased by 30 min post-PGF(2 alpha). MMP mRNA expression and activity were significantly increased following PGF(2 alpha) treatment. Increased MMP activity may promote ECM degradation during luteolysis.     

Extracellular matrix production and regulation in micropatterned endothelial cells

Production and maintenance of extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential aspect of endothelial cell (EC) function. ECM surfaces composed of collagen type IV and laminin support an atheroprotective endothelium, while fibronectin may encourage an atheroprone endothelium through inflammation or wound repair signaling. ECs maintain this underlying structure through regulation of protein production and degradation, yet the role of cytoskeletal alignment on this regulation is unknown. To examine the regulation and production of ECM by ECs with an atheroprotective phenotype, ECs were micropatterned onto lanes, which created an elongated EC morphology similar to that seen with unidirectional fluid shear stress application. Collagen IV and fibronectin protein production were measured as were gene expression of collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin, MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, TIMP2, and TGF-β1. ECs were also treated with TNF to simulate an injury model. Micropattern-induced elongation led to significant increases in collagen IV and fibronectin protein production, and collagen IV, laminin, and TGF-β1 gene expression, but no significant changes in the MMP or TIMP genes. TNF treatment significantly increased collagen IV gene and protein production. These results suggest that the increase in ECM synthesis in micropattern-elongated ECs is likely regulated with TGF-β1, and this increase in ECM could be relevant to the atheroprotection needed for maintenance of a healthy endothelium in vivo.     

Acute inflammation plays a limited role in the regulation of adipose tissue COL1A1 protein abundance

Obesity is an inflammatory condition that is also associated with increased extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression. However, a direct link between adipose tissue inflammation and ECM gene expression has not been established. Therefore, we determined the effect of chronic inflammation induced by obesity and acute inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on ECM genes including biglycan (BGN), collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) and COL6A1, major ECM genes in adipose tissue. Male C57BL/6J mice fed either a control diet (10% fat calories) or a high-fat diet (HFD) (60% fat calories) for 6 weeks were treated with LPS or saline 24 h before sacrifice. Expression of ECM genes in the epididymal (EWAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SWAT) was determined by RT-PCR and protein abundance by Western blotting. Human SWAT from lean and obese subjects was also analyzed. Increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of ECM genes BGN and COL1A1 was observed in the mouse EWAT after HFD (P<.05). However, reduced amount of COL1A1 protein was observed in EWAT of mice on HFD and in SWAT from obese human subjects. Acute inflammation induced BGN mRNA in EWAT, enhanced the gene expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) 3 and 9. Acute inflammation also resulted in higher MMP9 gelatinolytic activity; however, this showed no association with COL1A1 protein abundance. Higher MMP2 expression in mice on HFD suggests its involvement in the reduction of COL1A1 protein abundance with HFD. Elevated MMP9 gelatinolytic activity in SWAT from obese humans indicates a prominent role for MMP9 in SWAT COL1A1 protein turnover in humans.     

Morbillivirus infection of the mouse central nervous system induces region-specific upregulation of MMPs and TIMPs correlated to inflammatory cytokine expression

Viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can result in perturbation of cell-to-cell communication involving the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM integrity is maintained by a dynamic balance between the synthesis and proteolysis of its components, mainly as a result of the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). An MMP/TIMP imbalance may be critical in triggering neurological disorders, in particular in virally induced neural disorders. In the present study, a mouse model of brain infection using a neurotropic strain of canine distemper virus (CDV) was used to study the effect of CNS infection on the MMP/TIMP balance and cytokine expression. CDV replicates almost exclusively in neurons and has a unique pattern of expression (cortex, hypothalamus, monoaminergic nuclei, hippocampus, and spinal cord). Here we show that although several mouse brain structures were infected, they exhibited a differential pattern in terms of MMP, TIMP, and cytokine expression, exemplified by (i) a large increase in pro-MMP9 levels, in particular in the hippocampus, which occurred mainly in neurons and was associated with in situ gelatinolytic activity, (ii) specific and significant upregulation of MT1-MMP mRNA expression in the cortex and hypothalamus, (iii) an MMP/TIMP imbalance, suggested by the upregulation of TIMP-1 mRNA in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus and of TIMP-3 mRNA in the cortex, and (iv) a concomitant region-specific large increase in expression of Th1-like cytokines, such as gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6 (IL-6), contrasting with weaker induction of Th2-like cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10. These data indicate that an MMP/TIMP imbalance in specific brain structures, which is tightly associated with a local inflammatory process as shown by the presence of immune infiltrating cells, differentially impairs CNS integrity and may contribute to the multiplicity of late neurological disorders observed in this viral mouse model.     

基质金属蛋白酶-2、-9及其组织抑制因子(TIMPs)在动情周期大鼠子宫中的表达(英文)

基质金属蛋白酶（ＭＭＰｓ）家族的作用是降解所有细胞外基质,其活性受其特异性组织抑制因子（ＴＩＭＰｓ）的抑制。细胞外基质成分的降解与重组在动物生殖生长过程中起重要作用,其变化可以通过ＭＭＰｓ和ＴＩＭＰｓ两者表达水平的变化进行监测。大鼠虽然没有月经形成,但是在其子宫内膜也出现类似灵长类的生殖生物学变化。本文从ＭＭＰｓ和ＴＩＭＰｓ两者的表达水平,对大鼠子宫内膜的这些变化进行了研究。于大鼠动情周期的不同时期,将其处死、取子宫制备酶粗提液和组织切片,采用酶谱法（ｚｙｍｏｙｒａｎｈｎ）和原位杂交方法研究动情周期大鼠子宫中ＭＭＰ－２和－９的活性变化以及ＭＭＰ－２、－９和ＴＩＭＰ－１、－２、－３ｍＲＮＡ的表达。并通过光密度扫描方法对酶谱结果进行半定量分析。所用杂交探针见Ｔａｂｌｅ１。酶谱结果显示：在动情周期大鼠子宫中只检测到６７ｋＤａ的ＭＭＰ－２活性,而没有检测到ＭＭＰ－９的活性（Ｆｉｇ．１）。ＭＭＰ－２的活性在动情前期最高,动情期和动情后期次之,间情期最低（Ｆｉｇ．２）。原位杂交结果显示：ＭＭＰ－２、－９、ＴＩＭＰ－１、－２、－３ｍＲＮＡ主要在子宫内膜基底部的基质细胞中表达。ＭＭＰ－２和－９ｍＲＮＡ在动情前期、动情期和动