实验感染的三带喙库蚊和来亨鸡体内西尼罗病毒的分离与鉴定

采用C6/36细胞培养分离活病毒、间接免疫荧光染色检测病毒抗原、RT-PCR扩增病毒基因片段和PCR产物测序等方法,对实验感染的三带喙库蚊Culex tritaeniorhynchus和来亨鸡血液样本中的西尼罗病毒进行分离和鉴定。结果表明,接种实验感染蚊虫研磨液和来亨鸡血液样本的C6/36细胞出现细胞融合、空泡形成的病变效应; 用西尼罗病毒抗血清进行间接免疫荧光染色,感染病毒的细胞呈现黄绿色荧光,为阳性反应; 采用3对不同引物的RT- PCR体系扩增分别出现预期的408 bp、498 bp和559 bp的基因片段,序列测定证实扩增序列与实验所用毒株相应的基因序列基本相同。从而证实实验感染三带喙库蚊和来亨鸡体血液内的西尼罗病毒与实验感染所用的西尼罗病毒Chin-01株一致。     

西部马脑炎病毒基因组序列的半套式RT-PCR检测

为进一步提高RT－PCR检测西部马脑炎病毒（WEE）病毒基因组方法的敏感性,采用半套式PCR扩增病毒基因组特异序列,首先采用逆转录法将病毒基因组RNA逆转录为cDNA,然后以此cDNA为模板,进行扩增。对扩增后电泳检查无可见DNA条带的产物进行半套式PCR;与此同时对扩增的循环数、Mg^ 浓度和退火温度等条件进行了优化,以进一步提高扩增的特异性。结果第一轮PCR未扩出特异笥片段的WEE病毒稀释度,其半套式扩增出特定大小的DNA产物;同时优化的条件提高了扩增产物的特异性。扩增产物约为190bp的单一DNA片段,其大小与预期的相一致,结果表明采用半套式RT－PCR方法检测WEE病毒的基因组序列的敏感性可提高100倍以上。     

一步RT-PCR检测水仙黄条病毒

目的:建立用于快速检测水仙黄条病毒(Narcissus yellow stripe virus,NYSV)的一步RT-PCR方法。方法:根据已报道的NYSV基因序列设计特异性引物,采用一步RT-PCR建立了快速检测水仙黄条病毒的方法。结果:该方法具有良好的特异性,能够从感染水仙黄条病毒的水仙样品上扩增出预期大小的特异性目的片段,而与其他病毒无交叉反应;一步RT-PCR产物序列测定结果表明,该产物的序列与NYSV序列高度同源,同源性达99%;灵敏度测定结果显示,一步法RT-PCR与两步法RT-PCR的灵敏度相当,可以检测稀释到10-4倍的RNA。结论:应用建立的一步RT-PCR对一批水仙样品进行NYSV检测,结果与两步法RT-PCR完全相同,说明该方法可准确用于NYSV的检测。     

在传染性非典型肺炎患者组织和血液中发现冠状病毒

用RT-PCR从广东两例传染性非典型肺炎(非典型肺炎)死亡病例的肺和脾标本中,以及北京、辽宁和宁夏非典型肺炎患者血清中,扩增出冠状病毒核苷酸序列。这些PCR产物为冠状病毒RNA聚合酶基因部分片段,所有测定的序列和国内外SARS病毒序列相同。这些发现提示,冠状病毒和非典型肺炎关系密切,有助于确定我国非典型肺炎的病因。所建立的套式PCR方法可以用于检测临床标本。由于血液中存在SARS病毒,进行血清操作时需要注意安全保护。     

用两步PCR法克隆全长cDNA

采用两步 PCR法成功地克隆了一个全长的 c DNA.首先 ,用差式分析法克隆得到差别表达的 c DNA片段 ,再分别用这些片段内部的特异序列及 c DNA两端不同接头的序列为引物进行第一步 PCR扩增 ,得到差别 c DNA片段的上游和下游序列 .然后 ,根据第一步 PCR扩增得到的上游和下游序列设计基因特异的引物进行第二步 PCR,从而得到全长的 c DNA.     

葡萄病毒B的RT-PCR检测技术研究

旨在建立适合葡萄的葡萄病毒B的RT-PCR检测技术。从感染葡萄病毒B的葡萄皮层中提取总RNA,以其为模板合成cDNA第一链,并利用两对引物分别进行PCR扩增;回收PCR特异扩增产物,与pUCm-T载体连接,并进行转化、重组克隆的筛选、重组质粒的酶切鉴定和序列测定。结果显示,两对引物均能获得与预期片段大小一致长约460 bp和470 bp的扩增产物扩增片段序列与已报道GVB序列(序列号:X75448)的核苷酸同源性均为81%,经反复多次试验证实,利用总RNA为模板合成cDNA并进行PCR扩增检测GVB是准确、可靠的。     

RT—PCR技术检测呼吸道合胞病毒RNA方法的建立

为了建立一种快速诊断呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染的方法,根据RSVN基因的核苷酸序列,设计合成了一对引物,经RT-PCR扩增,可检出RSVRNA该引物不能检测流感病毒、副流感病毒RNA。应用该法可检出疑为RSV感染的婴幼儿鼻咽分泌物中的病毒RNA且比病毒分离法敏感,特异性与免疫荧光法一致。结果表明RT－PCR法具有快速、敏感、特异的优点,可用于RSV感染患儿的临床诊断。     

一步法RT-PCR和两步法RT-PCR对蜜蜂病毒诊断研究的比较

【目的】探讨适合蜜蜂病毒病诊断的RT-PCR技术。【方法】从感染蜜蜂以色列急性麻痹病毒、残翅病毒、囊状幼虫病毒、急性麻痹病毒、黑蜂王台病毒以及慢性麻痹病毒的阳性样品中,分别提取这6种病毒的RNA。然后,同时应用一步法RT-PCR和两步法RT-PCR的反应体系对6种病毒扩增,并对两种方法的灵敏性进行比较和分析。【结果】上述两种方法分别得到158(IAPV)、269(DWV)、342(SBV)、460(ABPV)、536(BQCV)和774 bp(CBPV)的扩增片段,测序结果证实扩增片段符合预期。两步法RT-PCR可检测到更低浓度的病毒颗粒。【结论】结果表明,该2种方法均可快速、有效地诊断蜜蜂病毒。但两步法RT-PCR灵敏性更高。     

一步法双重RT—PCR检测SARS冠状病毒技术研究

参照WHO公布的PCR检测SARS相关冠状病毒的引物序列,我们合成了4对引物,建立了一步法RT-PCR检测SARS相关冠状病毒的方法。利用该方法,对武汉市非典型肺炎疑似病例喉澈液进行了SARS相关冠状病毒检测,其中w20用4对引物检测均在相应的位置出现了DNA条带,W1只有BNIin-s／as引物出现预期产物。同时我们将样品W20的RT-PCR扩增产物进行了序列测定,结果显示该片段序列与其他地区和国家分离的SARS冠状病毒基因高度同源性,这进一步说明RT-PCR扩增的产物是SARS冠状病毒基因片段。在此基础上我们又建立了四种SARS冠状病毒一步法双重RT-PCR检测方法,在一个RT-PCR反应中用两套引物同时对SARS冠状病毒基因两个不同的片段进行检测,检测结果具有更高的特异性。     

一步法双重RT-PCR检测SARS冠状病毒技术研究

参照WHO公布的PCR检测SARS相关冠状病毒的引物序列,我们合成了4对引物,建立了一步法RT-PCR检测SARS相关冠状病毒的方法.利用该方法,对武汉市非典型肺炎疑似病例喉漱液进行了SARS相关冠状病毒检测,其中w20用4对引物检测均在相应的位置出现了DNA条带,W1只有BNIin-s/as引物出现预期产物.同时我们将样品W20的RT-PCR扩增产物进行了序列测定,结果显示该片段序列与其他地区和国家分离的SARS冠状病毒基因高度同源性,这进一步说明RT-PCR扩增的产物是SARS冠状病毒基因片段.在此基础上我们又建立了四种SARS冠状病毒一步法双重RT-PCR检测方法,在一个RT-PCR反应中用两套引物同时对SARS冠状病毒基因两个不同的片段进行检测,检测结果具有更高的特异性.     

登革病毒NS3全基因的扩增与克隆

登革热(ＤＦ)、登革出血热及登革休克综合征(ＤＨＦ/ＤＳＳ)是由登革病毒所致的两种不同临床类型的急性传染病,广泛流行于全球热带及亚热带地区。ＤＨＦ/ＤＳＳ以高热、出血、休克、高病死率为主要特征,近年来其发病率有迅速增加的趋势,已成为严重影响人类健康的公共卫生问题。迄今,ＤＨＦ/ＤＳＳ的发病机制仍不清楚,亦无有效的特异性预防方法[1]。登革病毒属于黄病毒科的黄病毒属,有Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四个血清型,基因组为单股正链ＲＮＡ,全长约11ｋｂ,编码三种结构蛋白和七种非结构蛋白。基因组顺序为5′ＣＰｒＭＥＮＳ1ＮＳ2ａＮＳ2ｂＮＳ3Ｎ…     

PCR技术在猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)感染模型中的应用

目的(1)建立RT PCR方法,定性测定SIV感染猴血浆中病毒RNA,比较其与传统血浆病毒分离方法的敏感性;(2)建立DNA PCR方法,检测SIV感染猴外周血淋巴细胞(PBMCs)中的前病毒DNA。(3)检验DNA PCR和RNA PCR方法在猴SAIDS模型应用中的实用性和可操作性。方法用SIVmac251静脉感染恒河猴,定期采血,从血浆中提取病毒RNA,以RNA为模板通过RT PCR法扩增,凝胶电泳定性;从感染猴PBMC中提取带有整合的SIV前病毒DNA的细胞基因组DNA,巢式PCR扩增,凝胶电泳定性。结果DNA PCR和RNA PCR经两轮扩增后均得到一长度为477bp的特异条带,测序鉴定确为目的片段。9只实验猴感染SIV后7d,RNA PCR结果为79阳性,DNA PCR结果为100%阳性,而血浆病毒分离只有59阳性;此后一直到感染后的42d,RNA PCR和DNA PCR的结果一直为100%阳性,而血浆病毒分离阳性率在感染后35d下降到49,到42d时下降为零。结论PCR方法比病毒分离方法的敏感性高。尤其是DNA PCR,既可检测具有活跃病毒复制的受感染细胞,又可检测那些携带病毒处于转录休眠期的细胞,所以在感染的早期和中后期———血浆病毒水平较低的情况下或病毒处于潜伏感染的阶段,它作为猴艾滋病(SAIDS)模型病毒学指标之一有其必要性和重要性。这个指标的检测方法应该是较血浆病毒RNA检测更为敏感。     

Use of the Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Pelargonium Flower Break Carmovirus

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was used to detect pelargonium flower break carmovirus (PFBV) in total RNA extractions made from infected Pelargonium plants. Extracts were reverse transcribed (RT) and the resultant cDNA was amplified by PCR, using oligonucleotide primers specific for 343, 510 and 832 base pair fragments of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of PFBV.
The specificity and sensitivity of RT-PCR were compared with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of PFBV in Pelargonium tissues. The virus could be detected efficiently in high dilutions of sap from infected plants and at low concentrations of purified virus. Although ELISA is a powerful tool for virus detection, RT-PCR was over 1000 times more sensitive in detecting PFBV in leaf extracts of infected Pelargonium than was ELISA. The limit of detecting PFBV RNA by RT-PCR was 200 fg, compared with 200 pg of virus by ELISA.     

Detection of rat parvovirus type 1 and rat minute virus type 1 by polymerase chain reaction

Two newly recognized parvovirus species, rat parvovirus 1 (RPV-1) and rat minute virus 1 (RMV-1), were recently identified in naturally infected rats. In this study, two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed to specifically detect RPV-1 and RMV-1. The RPV-1 PCR assay amplified the expected 487-bp deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragment only in the presence of RPV-1 DNA; the RMV-1 PCR assay amplified the expected 843-bp product only from RMV-1 DNA, not from other rodent parvoviruses. The RPV-1 and the RMV-1 PCR assays detected approximately 18 and 70 copies of DNA template, respectively. These two PCR assays were shown to be sensitive, specific and rapid methods for detecting RPV-1 and RMV-1 infections in rats. These assays may also be valuable for evaluation of biological specimens for parvovirus contamination.     

活疫苗及其生产基质中Sendai病毒RT-PCR检测方法的研究

目的建立检测Sendai病毒的RT-PCR方法并应用于活疫苗及其生产基质中Sendai病毒的检测.方法将Sendai病毒E17株接种9日龄鸡胚尿囊腔,72h后收集尿囊液,用于提取病毒RNA,并逆转录成cDNA,用两对针对Sendai病毒NP基因设计的外引物和内引物分别进行扩增.扩增产物克隆于T-载体,并测序.尿囊液按10倍倍比稀释,进行敏感性实验.将该方法用于检测乙脑减毒活疫苗和用于生产疫苗用的普通级乳地鼠肾中的Sendai病毒.结果外引物和内引物的PCR分别扩增出684bp和248bp的片段,外引物PCR产物的测序结果与Genbank报告的序列完全一致.敏感性实验结果表明,第一次PCR可检测到10-4病毒滴度,巢式PCR可检测到10-7病毒滴度.乙脑减毒活疫苗和乳地鼠肾的检测结果为阴性.结论建立检测Sendai病毒的RT-PCR方法具有很高的特异性和敏感性.     

犬瘟热病毒反转录—聚合酶链反应诊断方法的建立和初步应用

根据Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ报道的犬瘟热病毒Ｏｎｄｅｒｓｔｅｐｏｏｒｔ弱毒株的融合蛋白基因序列,设计合成了一对能扩增３２４ｂｐ基因片段的引物。将异硫氰酸胍－酚－仿一步法提取得到的细胞总ＲＮＡ进行反转录,以此产物为模板进行ＰＣＲ扩增,并对ＰＣＲ扩增条件进行了优化。经鉴定,以此对引物进行的ＰＣＲ扩增,得到了与设计片段大小和酶切位点相同的产物,且不扩增犬细小病毒、犬腺病毒和狂犬病病毒犬的三种病原的核酸,这表明此方     

Discrimination of West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus strains using RT-PCR RFLP analysis

West Nile (WN) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that induces lethal encephalitis in humans and horses. Since an outbreak of WN encephalitis in humans and horses occurred in New York City in late August 1999, the possibility exists that WN virus will invade regions that have close links with the United States, such as Japan. We developed a genetic diagnostic method that discriminates between strains of WN virus and Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus. The method involves RT-PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with a RT-PCR primer set, a nested PCR primer set, and a restriction enzyme. We detected WN and JE viruses in experimentally infected animal brain, spleen, and serum samples. Our method is useful in distinguishing WN viruses from the endemic background of JE viruses, and in discriminating the highly virulent WN strain, which was isolated in New York in 1999, from other WN virus strains.     

Nested PCR Assays for Detection of Monilinia fructicola in Stone Fruit Orchards and Botryosphaeria dothidea from Pistachios in California

Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed based on microsatellite regions for detection of Monilinia fructicola, the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, and Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agent of panicle and shoot blight of pistachio. The nested PCR primers specific to M. fructicola were developed based upon the sequence of a species‐specific DNA fragment amplified by microsatellite primer M13. The external and internal primer pairs EMfF + EMfR and IMfF + IMfR amplified a 571‐ and a 468‐bp fragment, respectively, from M. fructicola, but not from any other fungal species present in stone fruit orchards. The nested PCR primer pairs specific to B. dothidea were developed based upon the sequence of a species‐specific 1330‐bp DNA fragment amplified by microsatellite primer T3B. The external and internal primer pairs EBdF + EBdR and IBdF + IBdR amplified a 701‐ and a 627‐bp fragment, respectively, from B. dothidea, but not from any other fungal species associated with pistachio. The nested PCR assays were sensitive enough to detect the specific fragments in 1 fg of M. fructicola or B. dothidea DNA or in the DNA from only two conidia of M. fructicola or B. dothidea. The nested PCR assays could detect small numbers of M. fructicola conidia caught on spore‐trap tapes and detect visible infections of B. dothidea in pistachio tissues. Microsatellite regions with high numbers of copies are widely dispersed in eukaryotic genomes. The results of this study indicate that microsatellite regions could be useful in developing highly sensitive PCR detection systems for phytopathogenic fungi.     

A nested real-time PCR assay has an increased sensitivity suitable for detection of viruses in aerosol studies

Aims:  Influenza is commonly spread by infectious aerosols; however, detection of viruses in aerosols is not sensitive enough to confirm the characteristics of virus aerosols. The aim of this study was to develop an assay for respiratory viruses sufficiently sensitive to be used in epidemiological studies.
Method:  A two-step, nested real-time PCR assay was developed for MS2 bacteriophage, and for influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1 and human respiratory syncytial virus. Outer primer pairs were designed to nest each existing real-time PCR assay. The sensitivities of the nested real-time PCR assays were compared to those of existing real-time PCR assays. Both assays were applied in an aerosol study to compare their detection limits in air samples.
Conclusions:  The nested real-time PCR assays were found to be several logs more sensitive than the real-time PCR assays, with lower levels of virus detected at lower Ct values. The nested real-time PCR assay successfully detected MS2 in air samples, whereas the real-time assay did not.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The sensitive assays for respiratory viruses will permit further research using air samples from naturally generated virus aerosols. This will inform current knowledge regarding the risks associated with the spread of viruses through aerosol transmission.