石韦属植物脉序特征及其分类学意义

采用解剖学方法,研究了水龙骨科鹿角蕨亚科石韦属(Pyrrosia)17种植物的脉序特征,并与该科其它3亚科8属8个代表种的脉序进行了对比。结果显示,石韦属植物的脉序属于结合脉序,并可进一步细分为弯脉蕨型和拟槲蕨型。根据脉序特征的聚类分析表明,石韦属植物的结合脉序与水龙骨科其它属植物的结合脉序具有显著差异,且此脉序特征是石韦属内较稳定的分类性状,具有一定的分类学价值。本研究还基于脉序特征,讨论了石蕨(P.angustissimum(Giesenh.ex Diels)TagawaK.lwats.)、抱树石韦(P.piloselloides M.G.Price Kalikasan)与其它石韦属植物的亲缘与进化关系。     

广西石韦属七种植物叶片结构与孢子形态的比较研究

利用石蜡切片法研究了石韦属7种植物叶片的形态结构。结果显示:7种植物的叶片均属异面叶,且具典型的旱生叶结构;表皮大多为复表皮,表皮细胞排列紧密,主脉表面覆有厚角质膜,表皮毛为星状毛,由多细胞组成;气孔集中分布于下表皮,气孔类型为围绕型,气孔器略下陷;孢子两侧对称,极面观椭圆形,赤道面观豆形或超半圆形,表面饰纹为瘤状饰纹。石韦属7种植物的叶表皮细胞形状、表皮毛、表皮细胞垂周壁式样、气孔密度等解剖结构均表现出一定的种间差异,这些特征可为石韦属植物种间分类提供依据。     

5种药用石韦总黄酮的提取及测定

采用正交实验设计探究石韦总黄酮的提取工艺,并用该工艺提取了5种药用石韦总黄酮,采用分光光度法测定总黄酮含量。旨在为石韦药材的黄酮提取及石韦药材质量控制和进一步有效利用提供参考。研究结果表明,最佳提取方案为：55％乙醇,回流提取3次,每次2h。测得毡毛石韦的总黄酮含量明显较高,而华北石韦总黄酮含量最低,不同种石韦总黄酮含量存在显著差异。     

两种观赏蕨类植物的繁殖技术研究

探讨了江南星蕨和庐山石韦两种观赏蕨类的繁殖技术。分株繁殖主要在春季进行,并注意日常管理。两种蕨类的孢子繁殖采用5种基质对照,经试验,江南星蕨孢子繁殖的基质以泥炭土：蛭石：珍珠岩：2：1：1为最佳,而庐山石韦则以基质泥炭土：蛭石=2：1为最好。     

不同产地有柄石韦总黄酮含量分析

用紫外分光光度法测定不同产地有柄石韦的总黄酮含量。结果显示,在全草中云南昆明产的有柄石韦总黄酮含量最高,山东济南产的有柄石韦所含黄酮成分最低;有柄石韦叶中总黄酮含量最高,根中最低。     

有柄石韦不同提取物半数抑菌浓度初探

对有柄石韦活性成分的抑菌作用做了初步探讨.以不同有柄石韦提取物作用于临床常见的8种病原菌,测定其半数抑菌浓度（IC50）.结果证明有柄石韦不同粗提物对多种病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中黄酮类化合物抑菌效果尤为显著.     

Production of first and second generations aposporous gametophytes fromPyrrosia piloselloides (L.) Price frond strips cultured in vitro

Summary Second generation aposporous gametophytes were obtained from sporophytes derived from first generation aposporous gametophytes, which in turn came from the mature fronds grown from spores in the laboratory. Murashige and Skoog modified medium in 1% agar supplemented with sugar alcohols (sorbitol, mannitol), auxins (NAA, 2,4-D) and cytokinin (BA) promoted a higher percentage of aposporous development from mature fronds ofPyrrosia piloselloides derived from aseptically cultured spores as compared with those obtained from plants in the field. A method using 46-diamidino-2-phenyl indole and fluorescence microscopy correlated the deoxyribonucleic acid contents of the aposporous gametophytes and sporophytes derived from them with their ploidy level.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - DAPI 46-diamidino-2-phenyl indole - DNA deoxyribonucleic acid - MS Murashige and Skoog medium - BA benzyladenine - NAA 1-naphthaleneacetic acid     

有柄石韦中多糖提取工艺的优化

通过正交试验对有柄石韦中多糖提取工艺进行研究,为有柄石韦的深入开发利用提供基础材料。以多糖得率为指标,通过单因素和正交试验,对有柄石韦中多糖提取的工艺参数进行优化。超声时间、超声温度、料液比、水浴温度在多糖提取中影响因素的大小顺序为:提取时间温度料液比。有柄石韦中多糖提取最佳工艺参数组合为:超声温度40℃,提取时间60 min,料水比1∶8 g/mL,水浴时间130 min。以苯酚-硫酸法测定有柄石韦中多糖的提取率,方法可行,稳定。     

有柄石韦醇提物抗氧化活性研究

通过DPPH自由基清除测定、还原能力、总抗氧化能力、羟自由基清除测定,评价有柄石韦Pyrrosia petiolosa醇提物的抗氧化活性。结果显示,有柄石韦醇提物清除DPPH·的IC50为75.82 μg·mL-1,清除·OH的IC50为46.30 μg·mL-1。有柄石韦醇提物清除DPPH· 的能力强于抗坏血酸,清除·OH的能力弱于抗坏血酸;同时,其还原能力和总抗氧化能力均强于抗坏血酸。该结果说明有柄石韦醇提物具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

Morphological and molecular variations in the epiphytic CAM fern Pyrrosia piloselloides

Variation in shape and size of mature sterile fronds of the epiphytic fern, Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) Price, was observed. These morphological differences were also linked to genotypic variations of the different fern populations studied. Genetic polymorphism in different populations of P. piloselloides was investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

石韦孢子叶和营养叶中活性成分含量分析

对石韦孢子叶和营养叶中的多糖、总黄酮和总皂甙含量进行测定和分析。结果表明:(1)孢子叶中活性成分含量的高低顺序为总黄酮多糖总皂甙,其中,总黄酮与多糖和总皂甙含量的差异均达到极显著水平(P0.01),而多糖与总皂甙含量的差异则不显著(P0.05);营养叶则是多糖总黄酮总皂甙,且各活性成分含量间的差异均达到极显著水平(P0.01)。(2)孢子叶与营养叶相比,多糖和总黄酮含量的差异均达到极显著水平(P0.01),而总皂甙含量的差异不显著(P0.05)。其中,多糖含量是营养叶高于孢子叶,而总黄酮含量则是孢子叶高于营养叶。(3)石韦叶片中多糖含量与总黄酮含量间存在极显著的负相关关系(P0.01),而总皂甙含量与多糖和总黄酮含量的相关性均未达到显著水平(P0.05)。     

有柄石韦总多酚含量测定及其超声提取工艺优化

为优选有柄石韦Pyrrosia petiolos中总多酚超声提取工艺,采用Folin-Ciocalteus比色法对总多酚进行含量测定,通过单因素和正交试验,对提取工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,没食子酸对照品在浓度为1～10 mg·L-1范围内,与吸光度呈良好线性关系（y=2.406x-0.012,R=0.9994）,有柄石韦总多酚的最佳提取工艺条件为：55%乙醇,料液比1∶10（W/V）,超声提取60 min,超声提取温度75℃,总多酚提取率为21.47 mg·g-1。     

安徽石韦属(水龙骨科)一新种

报道了安徽黄山石韦属一新种,即黄山石韦。其与相近种相似石韦的区别主要表现在叶近生,相距1~2mm;能育叶先端不整齐1~2(或更多)回二歧分叉。     

Water Relations of Tropical Epiphytes: III. EVIDENCE FOR CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM

Five tropical epiphytes were examined for evidence of CrassulaceanAcid Metabolism (CAM), namely the orchids Eria velutina Lindl.,Dendrobium tortile Lindl. and Dendrobium crumenatum Sw., andthe ferns Pyrrosia adnascens (Forst.) Ching and Pyrrosia angustata(Sw.) Ching, family Polypodiaceae. Diurnal variations in leaftitratable acidity, diffusive conductance and water potentialwere measured at various levels of water stress. The three orchidsshowed typical CAM behaviour, namely large diurnal fluctuationsin leaf acidity, day-time closure and night opening of stomataand a very slow decline in water potential under stress. Theferns showed some evidence of CAM, but this was not as well-developedas had been reported for two other tropical epiphytic membersof the same family. Key words: Crassulacean acid metabolism, Tropical epiphytes, Water stress     

Relationship between fern development and CAM in Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) Price

Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) Price is a constitutive CAM plant in the sporophytic phase of its life-cycle. Newly developed sporophytes, still attached to the gametophytes, showed signs of CAM expression in terms of diurnal changes in titratable acidity of the tissues. The gametophytes did not exhibit CAM. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Relationship between fern development and CAM in Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) Price

Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) Price is a constitutive CAM plant in the sporophytic phase of its life-cycle. Newly developed sporophytes, still attached to the gametophytes, showed signs of CAM expression in terms of diurnal changes in titratable acidity of the tissues. The gametophytes did not exhibit CAM.     

湖南省石松类和蕨类植物分布新记录

在2004年出版的《湖南植物志》中收录有标本考证的湖南省石松类和蕨类植物683种41变种10变型[1],截至2014年底,又陆续发表了70余个新记录[2-9]。2013年出版的《Flora of China》结合现代分子系统学和最新的研究成果,对大量植物物种进行归并和科属的重新划分,作为湖南省优势科属资源的一些种类数量也相应减少,如水龙骨科( Polypodiaceae)的鳞果星蕨属( Lepidomicrosorium Ching et K. H. Shing )和盾蕨属( Neolepisorus Ching ),鳞毛蕨科( Dryopteridaceae)的复叶耳蕨属( Arachniodes Blume)以及以武陵山区为中心分布的黔蕨属( Phanerophlebiopsis Ching)(归并到复叶耳蕨属Arachniodes Blume)等,书中仅记录湖南省分布的石松类和蕨类植物约434种(含变种、亚种和杂种)[10],数量相对较少,而湖南省分布的一些较珍稀的蕨类植物未有罗列,如川黔肠蕨也Diplaziopsis cavaleriana ( Christ) C. Chr.页、中华双扇蕨( Dipteris chinensis Christ )、全缘燕尾蕨也Cheiropleuria integrifolia ( D. C. Eaton ex Hook.) M. Kato页、睫毛蕨也Pleurosoriopsis makinoi ( Maxim. ex Makino) Fomin页[1]和心叶薄唇蕨也Leptochilus cantoniensis ( Baker) Ching页等[11]。作者根据近十年的相关文献[1-9,12],对湖南省分布的石松类和蕨类植物进行了梳理,统计出631种27变种2亚种和2杂种。自2013年开始,作者对湖南省东南部的莽山、西部的小溪以及西北部的八大公山等多个国家级自然保护区进行了野外考察,发现了湖南省石松类和蕨类植物新记录6种,分属于5科6属,它们的生境及形态特征见图1。凭证标本保存于上海辰山植物标本馆( CSH )。其中一些种类分布的海拔较低,对于湖南省蕨类植物区系特点、科属结构以及物种多样性演化等研究具有潜在价值。     

Paternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA in Larix

Restriction enzyme analysis was used to determine the inheritance of chloroplast DNA in conifers. The plant material studied included five individual trees of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis Sieb. & Zucc.) and six hybrids from controlled crosses between these species. The chloroplast DNA fragment patterns generated by Bam-HI and Bcl-I were species-specific. Paternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA patterns was found in most Larix crosses. One hybrid showed maternal chloroplast DNA patterns. In addition, two other hybrids had mixed Bam-HI patterns suggesting recombination between maternal and paternal chloroplast DNA. The mechanisms favoring paternal inheritance in conifers are not known. Paternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA is suggested it to be a general phenomenon in conifers.     

Neutron-induced free radicals in oriented DNA

Samples of oriented DNA containing 30 per cent water were irradiated with neutrons at 77 K. The electron spin resonance (e.s.r.) spectra obtained from these irradiated DNA samples show that the formation of radicals is different when the incident neutrons are parallel or perpendicular to the DNA helix. When the incident neutrons are perpendicular to the DNA helix the e.s.r. spectra of thymine and guanine ionic radicals (T-., G+.) are observed. An additional e.s.r. spectrum corresponding to the hydrogen addition radical on thymine (TH.) is observed when the incident neutrons are parallel to DNA helix. The TH. radical appears to be formed by protonation of T-. .     

广西蕨类植物分布新记录

报道广西蕨类植物分布新记录8种,即细毛碗蕨、黑柄铁角蕨、湖南黔蕨、双胞耳蕨、台湾耳蕨、柔软耳蕨、尾叶石韦和龙骨星蕨。列出这些种的标本引证、地理分布和分类特征等。