脂肪干细胞外泌体对子宫内膜癌HEC-251细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

为了探讨脂肪干细胞外泌体对子宫内膜癌HEC-251细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及分子机制,本研究从人体脂肪组织中分离脂肪干细胞并提取纯化其外泌体。实验分为3组:对照组、脂肪干细胞外泌体组和TGF-β阻断剂组。CCK8检测脂肪干细胞外泌体及TGF-β阻断剂对子宫内膜癌HEC-251细胞活力;流式检测脂肪干细胞外泌体及TGF-β阻断剂对子宫内膜癌细胞凋亡的影响;Western blotting检测脂肪干细胞外泌体及TGF-β阻断剂对子宫内膜癌细胞Smad2、p-smad2、Bcl2和TGF-β蛋白表达水平。CCK8结果显示,脂肪干细胞外泌体能够显著增强子宫内膜癌HEC-251细胞的增殖能力,TGF-β阻断剂能够显著抑制外泌体对子宫内膜癌的增殖促进作用,流式检测结果显示脂肪干细胞外泌体能够显著抑制子宫内膜癌HEC-251细胞的凋亡,TGF-β阻断剂能够显著抑制外泌体对子宫内膜癌的细胞凋亡的抑制作用,Western blotting检测显示脂肪干细胞外泌体能够显著抑制子宫内膜癌HEC-251细胞p-smad2、Bcl2和TGF-β蛋白表达。初步研究表明,脂肪干细胞外泌体通过促进TGF-β/smad通路促进子宫内膜癌HEC-251细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡。     

TGF-β信号通路抑制剂LY364947对急性髓系白血病细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响

该文旨在探讨抑制TGF-β信号通路对人急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)细胞体外增殖、凋亡和侵袭能力的影响。使用不同浓度TGF-β信号通路抑制剂LY364947处理AML细胞系(KG1a、OCI-AML3)后,采用CCK-8实验检测细胞体外增殖能力;流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布及凋亡情况; Western blot检测细胞周期调控因子Cyclin D1/p21、凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2/Bax以及上皮细胞间质转化相关蛋白E-cadherin、N-cadherin和vimentin的表达; Transwell实验测定AML细胞迁移及侵袭能力的变化。结果显示:LY364947作用后,白血病细胞生长明显受抑制;细胞周期阻滞在G1期,伴有Cyclin D1表达下调和p21表达上调;细胞凋亡率增加,同时细胞抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达水平下降,促凋亡蛋白Bax表达增高;细胞体外迁移和侵袭能力减弱。此外, E-cadherin表达增高, N-cadherin和vimentin表达下降。该研究结果提示,抑制TGF-β信号通路能够抑制白血病细胞的体外增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,降低细胞迁移及侵袭能力。     

β榄香烯对人脑胶质瘤SHG44细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨中药提取物β-榄香烯对胶质瘤SHG44细胞增殖抑制作用及对Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响,并进一步探讨发生的机制。方法:用不同浓度的β-榄香烯对体外培养的SHG44细胞进行干预,分别采用MTT、流式细胞仪检测法,观察β-榄香烯对SHG44细胞增殖的抑制和凋亡诱导作用,并通过Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bax与Bcl-2蛋白表达情况。结果:经β-榄香烯处理SHG44细胞后,MTT结果其发现SHG44细胞生长受药物浓度和时间的影响,细胞生长明显被抑制,且(P0.05),流式细胞术显示,β-榄香烯诱导SHG44细胞后,细胞凋亡指数伴随药物作用时间的延长凋亡显著增加;Western blot结果发现,β-榄香烯对SHG44细胞的诱导后,使促凋亡蛋白Bax和抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2与对照组相比发生了显著改变,且实验组Bax蛋白表达明显高于对照组,而抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达伴随β-榄香烯的作用时间的增加,表达也逐渐减少。结论:β-榄香烯能显著抑制胶质瘤SHG44细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡;其机制可能与调控Bcl-2和Bax表达有关。     

血根碱通过下调TGF-β1/Smad通路抑制紫杉醇耐药卵巢癌细胞生长

培养紫杉醇耐药卵巢癌细胞A2780/Taxol,分为对照组与血根碱组,对照组不加血根碱,血根碱组应用不同浓度血根碱(0.67μmol/L、1.0μmol/L、2.0μmol/L)处理,应用MTT法、克隆形成、流式细胞检测和Western blot等实验方法检测血根碱对A2780/Taxol细胞增殖、凋亡、周期的影响及Bax、TGF-β1、Smad3蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,2.0μmol/L浓度的血根碱可显著抑制A2780/Taxol细胞增殖,与对照组相比,Bax表达显著上调,TGF-β1和Smad3蛋白表达水平明显下调(P0.05)。血根碱通过下调TGF-β1/Smad通路,促进细胞凋亡而抑制紫杉A2780/Taxol细胞生长。     

Caveolin-1对乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7增殖和存活的影响

该文研究窖蛋白(Caveolin-1)对乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7细胞增殖与存活的影响。运用蛋白质印迹方法(Western blot)检测发现,caveolin-1在5株不同细胞系均只有低表达。运用电穿孔转染方法在乳腺癌细胞系中高表达Caveolin-1,运用Western blot检测转染后Caveolin-1表达情况发现,转染后细胞内Caveolin-1表达上升,并具有生物活性。运用单核细胞直接细胞毒性测定法(MTT)检测发现,转染后乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7增殖速度降低。运用Western blot方法和免疫荧光(immunofluorescence)方法检测转染后细胞凋亡途径的变化,磷酸化的P38蛋白含量上升,Bax表达量明显上升。据此推测Caveolin-1抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖和存活,并诱导基于Bax途径的细胞凋亡。     

蛇床子素促进人骨肉瘤细胞株SAOS-2凋亡

目的:观察蛇床子素(osthole)对人骨肉瘤细胞SAOS-2增殖和凋亡的影响及潜在的调控机制。方法:采用MTT法、TUNEL染色技术和流式细胞术检测不同浓度蛇床子素对骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的影响;Western blot检测蛇床子素对骨肉瘤细胞中与细胞凋亡密切相关的蛋白(Bax、Bcl-2)的变化。结果:蛇床子素作用于SAOS-2细胞后,MTT结果显示SAOS-2细胞的活力受到明显抑制,且与蛇床子素浓度和时间相关;Western blot结果显示细胞中的促凋亡蛋白Bax表达上调,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达明显减弱,且呈剂量依赖性。结论:蛇床子素可显著抑制人骨肉瘤细胞的增殖且促进其凋亡的作用,可能与上调凋亡蛋白Bax和下调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达有关。     

子宫内膜异位症患者凋亡相关基因TGF-β mRNA表达的研究

目的:探计TGF-β在子宫内膜异位症发病及发展中的分子生物学机制及与凋亡的相关性.方法:选取子宫内膜异位症患者12例为研究对象(EMS组),正常妇女正常子宫内膜12例(对照组),应用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法,测定TGF-β mRNA表达水平;运用western-blotting印迹法检测检测TGF-β蛋白的表达.同时用TUNEL染色对标本进行凋亡检测.结果:异位子宫内膜的凋亡率明显低于正常子宫内膜,且EMS组患者异位内膜的TGF-β mKNA和蛋白的表达水平上调.结论:患者子宫内膜中凋亡率的改变,在子宫内膜异位症的发生发展中起重要作用.异位的子宫内膜可能是由于TGF-β的表达上调增加了抗凋亡能力.     

C-myc对子宫内膜细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

为了通过子宫内膜细胞实验检测原癌基因C-myc对子宫内膜癌发生发展的影响,本研究用蛋白免疫印迹法分别检测C-myc转染组和空白对照组中C-myc蛋白的表达情况;细胞计数盒(Cell Counting Kit-8,CCK-8)法分别检测C-myc转染组和空载体转染组的子宫内膜细胞活力;蛋白免疫印迹法分别检测C-myc转染组和空载体转染组的子宫内膜细胞增殖相关蛋白Ki67、凋亡相关蛋白Bax以及Bcl-2的变化;Annexin/PI流式分别检测C-myc转染组和空载体转染组的子宫内膜细胞凋亡率的变化。C-myc转染子宫内膜细胞后,细胞中C-myc蛋白表达明显高于空白对照组;C-myc转染子宫内膜细胞后,细胞活力显著低于空载体转染组(p0.05),Ki67蛋白的表达明显高于空载体转染组(p0.05);C-myc转染子宫内膜细胞后,促凋亡相关蛋白Bax的的表达显著高于空载体转染组(p0.05)以及抗凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2的表达明显低于空载体转染组(p0.05);C-myc转染子宫内膜细胞后,细胞凋亡率明显高于空载体转染组(p0.05)。本研究表明,C-myc能够促进子宫内膜细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡,子宫内膜细胞的增殖过度和凋亡失衡在子宫内膜癌的发生发展中具有重要意义。     

分心木乙醇提取物对人结肠癌HCT116细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响

为研究分心木对人结肠癌细胞HCT116增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响,该研究以75%乙醇作为溶剂提取分心木中的活性成分,利用MTT法检测分心木乙醇提取物对HCT116细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术、AO/EB双染、TUNEL法和Western blot检测细胞凋亡;划痕愈合实验检测细胞迁移;体外建立肿瘤3D细胞模型(3D培养)检测分心木乙醇提取物对HCT116 3D肿瘤细胞球增殖的影响。结果显示,分心木乙醇提取物以剂量依赖的方式抑制HCT116细胞活性,促进细胞凋亡,同时促进凋亡因子Bax的表达,降低抗凋亡因子Bcl2的表达,并促进凋亡的关键执行蛋白PARP的裂解;划痕愈合实验和3D肿瘤细胞培养表明,分心木乙醇提取物抑制细胞迁移和3D肿瘤细胞的增殖。该研究表明,分心木乙醇提取物抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和迁移,并通过促进cleaved PARP、Bax蛋白表达和抑制Bcl2蛋白的表达诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。此外,分心木乙醇提取物抑制肿瘤3D细胞球的增殖,这提示结肠癌对分心木乙醇提取物的药物敏感性在体内体外没有显著差异。     

RNA干扰敲低β-catenin的表达对瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨β-catenin对人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞(keloid fibroblasts,KFB)增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:分别采用Real-time PCR(RT-PCR)和Western blot检测正常组织和瘢痕疙瘩中β-catenin的mRNA及蛋白表达。将针对人β-catenin基因设计合成的3对特异性小干扰RNA(siRNA)分别转染体外培养的人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞,通过RT-PCR和Western blot筛选出干扰人瘢痕成纤维细胞β-catenin基因表达的最佳siRNA。通过siRNA沉默β-catenin表达后,采用MTT法检测KFB的增殖情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。结果:瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞中β-catenin的表达较正常组织明显升高(P0.05)。通过转染β-catenin siRNA降低其表达后,成纤维细胞的增殖能力明显下降(P0.05),凋亡水平显著增高(P0.05)。结论:沉默β-catenin能够显著抑制瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞增殖并促进其凋亡。     

High Temperature Requirement A1, Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1, phosphoSmad2 and Ki67 in Eutopic and Ectopic Endometrium of Women With Endometriosis

Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that TGFβ1 signalling may be mediated by high temperature requirement A1 (HtrA1) serine protease, acting on important regulatory mechanisms such as cell proliferation and mobility. Evidence is now accumulating to suggest that HtrA1 is involved in the development and progression of several pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate: i) if HtrA1 and TGFβ1 expressions differ in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in women with endometriosis; ii) if HtrA1 correlates to TGFβ1, pSmad and Ki67. This study was carried out including 10 women with ovarian endometriosis (cases) and 10 women with non endometriotic diseases (controls). Endometrial tissue underwent immunohistochemical H-score analysis for HtrA1, TGFβ1, pSmad and Ki67 molecules. Data evaluation was performed by a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation was applied to evaluate the relationship among the molecules investigated in the epithelial and in the stromal compartment. The HtrA1 was significantly decreased in ectopic and eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis when compared with control endometrium in epithelial compartment. TGFβ1was significantly increased in eutopic endometrium and decreased in ectopic endometrium in epithelial and stromal compartment. In addition, Ki67 was significantly increased and an increase, but not significant, was detected for pSMAd2 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium compared to control one. In summary, the significant direct correlation between TGFβ1 and pSmad2 as well as between HtrA1 and TGFβ1 and the very significant increase of Ki67 in stromal compartment of eutopic endometrium suggest a possible involvement of HtrA1 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.Key words: HtrA1, endometriosis, immunohistochemistry     

上皮间质转化标记物及Snail在子宫内膜异位症中的表达

目的:研究上皮间质转化标志物(E-cadherin、β-catenin、vimentin)和Snail在子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)中的表达。方法:选取40例EMs患者(实验组)异位内膜及在位内膜,同时获取20例非EMs患者(对照组)的正常子宫内膜,采用免疫组化法研究Snail、EMT上皮标志物(E-cadherin、β-catenin)、间质标志物(vimentin)在各内膜组织中的表达,并比较其表达水平。结果:EMs患者异位内膜和在位内膜的EMT上皮标志物E-cadherin、β-catenin表达均显著低于正常内膜的表达(P0.05);EMs患者异位内膜和在位内膜的EMT间质标志物vimentin表达均显著高于正常内膜的表达(P0.05);EMs患者异位内膜和在位内膜中Snail表达显著高于正常内膜的表达(P0.05)。结论:在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)中,Snail、vimentin表达上调,E-cadherin、β-catenin表达下调可能与子宫内膜异位症(EMs)的发生、发展及浸润转移有关。     

ER和PRmRNAs在内异症子宫内膜表达的变化

目的 :探讨雌激素受体 (ER)和孕激素受体 (PR)在子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )子宫内膜的表达。方法 :利用大鼠内异症动物模型 ,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)技术 ,检测子宫内膜ER和PRmRNAs的表达情况。结果 :内异症模型组大鼠异位内膜ER、PRmRNAs的表达低于在位内膜和对照组正常子宫内膜 ,与后两者比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;而模型组在位内膜ER、PRmRNAs的表达与正常对照组比较差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。内异症模型组异位内膜ER/PRmRNA比值大于在位内膜和正常子宫内膜ER/PRmRNA比值 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :内异症大鼠异位内膜ERmRNA表达的相对增高在内异症的发生与发展中起着一定的作用。     

Ubiquitin is associated with the survival of ectopic stromal cells in endometriosis

Background  

Endometriosis is a condition that affects women of reproductive age, where the glandular and/or stromal tissues from the eutopic endometrium implant in ectopic locations. It is well established that the survival of ectopic implants is due to lower levels of apoptosis, but no consensus exists as to which pathway/s this is mediated by. The ubiquitin protein shares a similar sequence homology to an anti-apoptotic protein called BAG-1 and is expressed in the normal endometrium. Currently, no studies have been conducted to determine ubiquitin expression and its possible anti-apoptotic effects in endometriosis.     

Dominant expression of progesterone receptor form B mRNA in ovarian endometriosis

This study was designed to examine the biological implications of progesterone receptor form A (PR-A) and B (PR-B) mRNA expressions in human ovarian endometriosis (ectopic endometrium). A high ratio of PR-B to PR-AB (PR-A+PR-B) mRNA expression was found in 8 of 14 cases of endometriosis, compared with the ratio in eutopic endometrium. The mean ratio in ectopic endometria was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than in eutopic endometria. The ratio in eutopic and ectopic endometria showed no significant change during the menstrual cycle. The mean ratio in ectopic endometria in the proliferative and secretory phases of the endometrium was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than in eutopic endometria. In conclusion, PR-B mRNA was relatively highly expressed in some endometriomas, which might lead to aberrations in the control of progestational effects involving responsiveness to sex steroidal growth regulation.     

Characterization of periostin expression in human endometrium and endometriotic lesions

Objective(s): To investigate the expression of periostin in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women diagnosed as endometriosis and evaluate the role of periostin in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Study design: In this study, the expression of periostin was evaluated in the endometrial specimens from 35 women diagnosed as endometriosis and from 30 healthy women. To assess the presence and localization of periostin throughout the menstrual cycle in both eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis, microscopic evaluation was conducted. It was also subsequently compared with normal endometrium. Results: In the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis, immunoreactivities of periostin increased compared with those of normal endometrium. We also observed a cyclic variation in the eutopic stromal periostin immunoreactivity throughout their menstrual cycle because higher H score values were observed in the proliferative phase than those in the secretory phase. Conclusion(s): These findings indicated that periostin may be involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.     

Augmented cell survival in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis: Expression of c-myc,TGF-beta1 and bax genes

Background  

Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. The fragments in normal menstruation are composed of necrotic and living cells, which do not survive in ectopic locations because of programmed cell death. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is changed in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis throughout the menstrual cycle by studying bax (pro-apoptotic), c-myc (regulator of cell cycle) and TGF-beta1 (involved in cell differentiation) genes.     

Galectin-1 Overexpression in Endometriosis and Its Regulation by Neuropeptides (CRH,UCN) Indicating Its Important Role in Reproduction and Inflammation

Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease of women of reproductive age featured by the presence of ectopic endometrium and is strongly related to infertility. Galectins, carbonhydrate-binding proteins, have been found to have pro- or anti-inflammatory roles in the reproductive tract and in pathological conditions concerning infertility. Galectin-1, which is expressed at endometrium and decidua, plays a major role in implantation and trophoblast invasion. Also, the neuropeptides, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and urocortin (UCN) and their receptors are expressed in eutopic and ectopic endometrium showing a differential expression pattern in endometriotic women compared to healthy ones. The aim of this study was to examine the galectin-1 expression in endometriotic lesions and compare its expression in eutopic endometrium of endometriotic and healthy women. Furthermore, we examined the effect of CRH and UCN in galectin-1 expression in Ishikawa cell line and macrophages and investigated the implication of CRHR1 in these responses. Eutopic and ectopic endometrium specimens, Ishikawa cell line and mice macrophages were used. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were performed in order to identify galectin-1 expression in ectopic and eutopic endometrium of women with and without endometriosis and the regulatory effect of CRH and UCN on galectin-1 expression. This study presents for the first time that galectin-1 is overexpressed in endometriotic lesions compared to eutopic endometrium of endometriotic women and is more abundantly expressed in eutopic endometrium of disease women compared to healthy ones. Furthermore, it is shown that CRH and UCN upregulate galectin-1 expression in Ishikawa cell line and macrophages and this effect is mediated through CRHR1. These results suggest that galectin-1 might play an important role in endometriosis pathology and infertility profile of women suffering from endometriosis by being at the same time regulated by CRH and UCN interfering in the immune disequilibrium which characterizes this pathological condition.