WT-1、Smac蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达和临床意义研究

目的:探讨WT-1和Smac蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学染色方法检测40例正常卵巢组织,40例卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织,60例全面分期手术治疗的上皮性卵巢癌组织中WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达,并分析WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达与上皮性卵巢癌临床病理特征的相关性及二者之间的相关性。结果:WT-1蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达明显高于正常卵巢组织或卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织(P0.05);Smac蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌组织中表达明显低于正常卵巢组织或卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织(P0.05)。上皮性卵巢癌组织中WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达与肿瘤临床分期、组织分化程度、淋巴结有无转移均显著相关(P0.05)。且上皮性卵巢癌中WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达呈明显负相关性(r=-0.35,P0.05)。结论:WT-1蛋白高表达或Smac蛋白低表达可能在上皮性卵巢癌的发生、发展中发挥重要作用,检测WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达有助于上皮性卵巢癌恶性程度的判断和预后评估。     

Skp2和P27在上皮性卵巢癌中表达及其临床意义

目的:检测Skp2和P27在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达,分析Skq2和P27与临床病理特征间的关系,探讨二者在上皮性卵巢癌发生发展中的作用.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法,检测69例上皮性卵巢癌、15例良性卵巢肿瘤以及15例正常卵巢组织中Skp2和P27的表达,分析Skp2和P27表达与上皮性卵巢癌临床病理参数的关系,及两者的相关性.结果:上皮性卵巢癌、良性卵巢肿瘤及正常卵巢组织Skp2和P27表达阳性率各为42.02%,26.67%、6.67%和47.82%,66.67%、86.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).Skp2的表达与临床分期和病理组织学分级显著相关,与患者年龄、病理类型、有无淋巴结转移和肿瘤大小无显著相关.P27的表达与临床分期、有无淋巴结转移和病理组织学分级显著相关,与患者年龄、病理类型和肿瘤大小无显著相关.Skp2和P27在上皮性卵巢癌中表达呈显著负相关,相关系数r=-0.463,(P<0.01).结论:Skp2与P27呈负相关,二者表达可能与上皮性卵巢癌的发生发展有关.     

HIF-1α 在卵巢癌中的表达及与化疗耐药相关性研究

目的:探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)在卵巢癌中的表达及其在卵巢癌化疗耐药中的作用。方法:采用免疫组化方法,检测96例卵巢癌组织,45例良性卵巢肿瘤和30例正常卵巢组织中HIF-1α的表达,分析其表达与临床病理特征及化疗耐药的相关性。结果:卵巢癌中HIF-1α的表达高于正常卵巢及良性卵巢肿瘤组织,且临床分期越晚其表达越高(P<0.001),而与肿瘤组织类型、病理分级及患者年龄无显著相关性。HIF-1α在卵巢癌化疗耐药组阳性率明显高于化疗敏感组(P<0.001)。结论:卵巢癌中HIF-1α高表达与卵巢癌的发生、发展、浸润和转移有关,与卵巢癌化疗耐药密切相关,HIF-1α可成为卵巢癌化疗新的分子治疗靶点。     

卵巢上皮性癌中干扰素介导的跨膜蛋白1的表达意义

目的:探讨干扰素介导的跨膜蛋白1(Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1,IFITM1)基因在卵巢上皮性癌中表达的相关性及其意义。方法:应用Western blotting检测正常卵巢、卵巢良性肿瘤、卵巢交界性肿瘤和卵巢上皮性癌组织中IFITM1蛋白表达。免疫组织化学检测12例正常卵巢、21例卵巢良性肿瘤、18例卵巢交界性肿瘤和85例卵巢上皮性癌组织中IFITM1的蛋白表达,同时分析IFITM1表达状况与临床病理因素之间的相关性。结果:Western blotting显示卵巢上皮性癌和卵巢交界性肿瘤中IFITM1表达水平明显高于正常卵巢组织和卵巢良性肿瘤。免疫组化显示在正常卵巢组织中IFITM1阳性表达率为41.7%(5/12),在卵巢良性肿瘤组织中71.4%(15/21),在卵巢交界性肿瘤组织中为72.2%(13/18),在卵巢上皮性癌中为77.6%(66/85),IFITM1蛋白表达强度在正常卵巢、良性卵巢肿瘤、交界性卵巢肿瘤、上皮性卵巢癌间的比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。IFITM1蛋白表达与病理类型、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤FIGO分期有关(P0.05),与淋巴结转移、腹水无明显相关性。化疗敏感组和耐药组的IFITM1表达强度间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:IFITM1在正常卵巢、卵巢良性肿瘤、卵巢交界性肿瘤和卵巢上皮性癌组织中的表达依次升高,并与卵巢癌以铂类为基础的化疗耐药性产生有相关性,为进一步研究IFITM1在卵巢癌诊治及化疗中的应用前景提供依据。     

Nucleostemin基因在卵巢上皮性肿瘤的表达及与病理分型的关系

目的：研究核干细胞因子Nucleostemin（NS）基因在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达,探讨其与肿瘤病理分型的关系。方法：采用RT-PCR及Western blot检测36例卵巢癌组织手术标本,32例卵巢良性上皮肿瘤组织手术标本,12例正常卵巢组织标本中Nu-cleostemin基因及相应蛋白的表达,采用分组对照的方法对比3组样本中NS基因及蛋白的表达情况,并进行相对定量研究。采用统计学方法检测NS基因的表达是否与临床病理分级及血清CA125存在关联。结果：①卵巢癌组织中NS的阳性表达率显著高于良性肿瘤组织及正常卵巢组织;②卵巢癌组织中,淋巴结转移组NS的表达水平高于未转移组;③临床分期Ⅲ期组的表达水平高于ⅠB期组;④中、低分化组的表达水平高于高分化组。结论：卵巢癌组织中存在NS基因的高表达,其表达量与组织类型无关,而与临床TNM分期及组织分级正相关。     

PDCD4和DNMT1在卵巢上皮性癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:检测PDCD4和DNMT1在正常卵巢组织、卵巢良性肿瘤组织、卵巢上皮性癌组织中的表达,并探讨其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组化法检测20例正常卵巢、25例卵巢良性肿瘤、40例卵巢上皮性癌组织中PDCD4和DNMT1的表达情况,分析其与卵巢上皮性癌临床病理参数之间的关系。结果:正常及良性卵巢组织中PDCD4的阳性表达率明显高于卵巢癌组(P0.05),卵巢癌的FIGO分期越高,PDCD4的表达越低,卵巢癌的病理分化程度越低,PDCD4的表达也越低,PDCD4的表达与卵巢癌的组织类型、腹水、年龄、是否绝经无关。正常及良性卵巢组织中DNMT1的阳性表达率明显低于卵巢癌组(P0.05),卵巢癌的病理分化程度越低,DNMT1的表达越高,但其与卵巢癌的FIGO分期、组织类型、腹水、年龄、是否绝经均无关。卵巢癌中DNMT1的与PDCD4的表达呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论:PDCD4和DNMT1在卵巢癌中的表达呈负相关,PDCD4的表达下调和DNMT1的表达上调可能在卵巢癌的发生及发展中起重要作用。     

特异AT序列结合蛋白1在卵巢癌的表达及临床病理学意义

目的:检测上皮性卵巢癌中特异AT序列结合蛋白1(Special AT-rich sequence-bindingprotein 1,SATB1)的表达,探讨SATB1表达与卵巢癌的发生,进展及转移的关系及意义.方法:以实时荧光定量RT-PCR和免疫组化方法检测91例上皮性卵巢癌组织、13例卵巢交界性囊腺瘤及8例正常卵巢组织中SATB1mRNA和蛋白的表达,分析SATB1基因表达与临床病理参数的相关性.结果:上皮性卵巢癌组织和交界性囊腺瘤组织中SATB1 mRNA表达量分别为正常卵巢组织的6.97倍和5.70倍,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).SATB1 mRNA表达水平随着卵巢癌分期升高而增加:Ⅰ期,Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期分别为正常卵巢组织的5.31倍,6.67倍和8.04倍(P＜0.05),并且在淋巴结转移组表达明显高于无转移组(P＜0.05).免疫组化也显示SATB1蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中表达高于正常卵巢组织,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:SATB1的表达水平可能与上皮性卵巢癌发生,进展及转移有关.     

p27~(kip1)及相关分子skp2在肺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究细胞周期素依赖性激酶抑制蛋白27(p27kip1)和细胞S相激酶相关蛋白2(skp2)在肺癌癌组织中的表达及意义。方法:选取于我院就诊的72例肺癌患者的肺癌组织和20例癌旁正常肺组织,采用免疫组化技术检测标本中p27kip1和skp2的表达,并分析其与患者的临床病理之间的关系。结果:skp2在肺癌组织中的表达高于正常肺组织,而p27kip1在肺癌组织中的表达低于正常肺组织,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且两者的表达呈负相关关系,相关系数r=-0.855(P0.05),skp2的表达与肺癌组织学类型、分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结有无转移、吸烟与否及p27kip1蛋白表达有关(P0.05)。结论:p27kip1低表达和skp2高表达可能是肺癌发生发展的重要原因,可应用于临床诊治肺癌患者和判断预后。     

微小RNA-21与PTEN在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:检测微小RNA-21(miR-21)和抑癌基因PTEN在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达,探讨二者的相关性及其与临床病理特征间的关系.方法:采用茎环实时荧光逆转录聚合酶链反应(Real-time RT-PCR)检测48例上皮性卵巢癌组织、24例良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤及15例正常卵巢组织标本中miR-21表达.采用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白一过氧化酶(SP)免疫组化方法检测上述组织中PTEN蛋白表达,分析mir-21表达和PTEN表达的相关性及其与临床病理特征的关系.结果:茎环Real-time RT-PCR检测miR-21表达的敏感性和特异性良好;miR-21在卵巢癌组织中的相对表达量(4.849±1.813)显著高于良性卵巢肿瘤(1.133±0.291)及正常卵巢组织(P<0.01),PTEN在卵巢癌组织中阳性表达率为(41.66%),明显低于卵巢良性肿瘤(83.33%)及正常卵巢(100%).卵巢癌组织中miR-21表达量与PTEN阳性表达率存在显著负相关(r=-0.447,P<0.01).miR-21及PTEN表达随卵巢癌的临床分期和组织分级的进展分别呈上升及下降趋势,而且二者表达均与淋巴结转移相关(P均<0.01),而与组织病理类型无关.结论:miR-21在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达升高,可能通过负性调节PTEN表达在卵巢癌的发生发展中发挥致癌基因的作用,并且与卵巢癌的演进及不良预后密切相关.     

Vasohibin-1基因在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达和临床病理意义

目的:探讨卵巢癌中Vasohibin-1的表达情况及临床病理学意义。方法:采用实时定量PCR和免疫组化方法检测在60例上皮性卵巢癌和12例正常卵巢组织中Vasohibin-1的表达情况,ELISA法检测卵巢癌组织中VEGF蛋白表达,分析vasohibin-1表达与VEGF之间的关系及其与卵巢癌分期,分级和预后之间的关系。结果:卵巢癌中vasohibin-1表达明显高于正常卵巢(P0.05)。Vasohibin-1表达水平与卵巢癌分期相关(P0.05),而与卵巢癌分级和淋巴转移无关。Vasohibin-1表达与VEGF蛋白水平呈正相关(P0.01)。高vasohibin-1表达卵巢癌患者三年生存率(50%)低于低vasohibin-1表达的患者(83%)。结论:vasohibin-1可以反映卵巢癌的血管生成潜能,是卵巢癌的不良预后因素。     

乳腺癌中Rho A蛋白表达及其与Cyclin D1和P21WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达的相关性

目的探讨Rho A蛋白在人乳腺癌中的表达情况,Rho A蛋白与临床病理因素的关系,及其与细胞周期蛋白Cyclin D1,细胞周期抑制蛋白 P21 WAF1/CIP1表达的相关性.方法应用免疫组化S-P法,检测64例乳腺癌组织及20例正常乳腺组织中Rho A蛋白、Cyclin D1和P21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白的表达情况.结果 (1)Rho A、 Cyclin D1和P21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白在正常乳腺组织中的表达率分别为5.00%、25.00%、15.00%,在乳腺癌组织中的表达率分别为73.44%、59.38%、48.44%,三者在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达分别与正常乳腺组织相比,均差异有显著性意义(P< 0.01).(2)Rho A蛋白表达与病理组织分级,淋巴结转移相关(P< 0.05),与患者年龄、肿瘤大小及临床分期无关.(3)RhoA蛋白与P21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达呈负相关(χ2=4.548,P<0.05),与Cyclin D1蛋白表达无关.结论乳腺癌患者RhoA蛋白过表达与预后不良有关.RhoA蛋白通过下调P21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白参与细胞周期调节,进而与乳腺癌发展及侵袭转移相关.     

上皮性卵巢癌组织中P-AKT、P-gp的表达及其临床病理意义

目的探讨卵巢上皮癌组织中P-AKT(或称磷酸化蛋白激酶B,phosphorylated protein kinase B)和P-gp(P-glycoprotein)的表达及其与临床病理因素之间的关系。方法采用免疫组化法检测60例卵巢上皮癌组织、30例卵巢良性肿瘤组织和30例正常卵巢组织中P-AKT、P-gp的表达。结果(1)P-AKT、P-gp在上皮性卵巢癌中的阳性表达率(61.7%、50.0%)高于其在卵巢良性肿瘤组织和正常卵巢组织中的表达(13.3%、1.7%;6.7%、0),P0.05。(2)P-AKT和P-gp的异常表达均与卵巢癌的FIGO分期相关(P0.05),与组织学类型、病理分级无关。(3)P-AKT和P-gp蛋白的过表达呈显著正相关性(r=0.26,P0.05)。(4)P-AKT、P-gp阳性组的复发率(51.4%、73.3%)高于其阴性组的复发率(26.9%、30.8%),P0.05。P-AKT、P-gp阳性组的生存率(62.2%、56.7%)低于其阴性组的生存率(91.3%、90.0%)P0.05。结论:P-AKT、P-gp与上皮性卵巢癌的发展及预后有关。P-AKT可能通过作用于其下游的P-gp蛋白促进卵巢癌细胞的恶性转化及对化疗药物的耐药。     

Pirh2和P27kip1蛋白在肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨pirh2、p27Kip1在肺癌和癌旁组织中表达的相关性及其与肿瘤发生发展的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测53例肺癌和17例癌旁石蜡包埋存档标本组织中pirh2和p27kip1蛋白的表达,并对其所在肺癌组织不同病理类型、分级、和临床分期及转移中的表达水平进行对统计学分析。结果pirh2蛋白在肺癌组织中呈高表达,表达率为79.2%,P27Kip1蛋白呈低表达,为22.6%,二者与癌旁组织相比(阳性表达率分别为11.8%和64.7%),差异具有显著性意义(P<0.01),但是二者与肿瘤的病理类型、组织学分级、淋巴结转移和TNM分期均无明显相关关系(P>0.05)。Pirh2表达阳性的肺癌组织中,p27Kip1的阳性率较低,二者呈显著负相关。结论pirh2过表达和p27Kip1蛋白的低表达可促进肿瘤的发生;二者之间呈负性相关关系,提示降解p27Kip1蛋白可能是pirh2促进肿瘤形成的途径之一。     

APC/C – the master controller of origin licensing?

The cyclin kinase inhibitor p27^kip1 acts as a potent tumor supressor protein in a variety of human cancers. Its expression levels correlate closely with the overall prognosis of the affected patient and often predict the outcome to different treatment modalities. In contrast to other tumor suppressor proteins p27 expression levels in tumor cells are frequently regulated by ubiquitin dependent proteolysis. Re-expression of p27 in cancer cells therefore does not require gene therapy but can be achieved by interfering with the protein turnover machinery. In this review we will summarize experimental results which highlight the potential use of p27 as a target for oncological therapies.     

CCR9和CCL25蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中表达及临床意义

目的:探讨CCR9和CCL25蛋白在不同卵巢组织中的表达及其与上皮性卵巢癌患者临床病理因素之间的关系。方法:通过组织芯片结合免疫组织化学法检测78例上皮性卵巢癌组织和30例正常卵巢组织中CCR9和CCL25表达水平,结合上皮性卵巢癌病人的临床病理资料,进行统计分析。结果:CCR9和CCL25在上皮性卵巢癌中高表达,在正常卵巢组织中低表达,二者的表达与上皮性卵巢癌的组织类型、患者年龄无显著相关(P0.05),而与淋巴结转移、组织学分级和临床分期有显著相关(P0.05);上皮性卵巢癌组织中CCR9与CCL25表达相关(P0.05)。结论:CCR9和CCL25在上皮性卵巢癌的发生发展中可能起重要作用,二者可能是上皮性卵巢癌治疗的一个潜在的分子靶点。     

Repression of p27kip1 synthesis by platelet-derived growth factor in BALB/c 3T3 cells.

We have investigated the regulation of p27kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, in BALB/c 3T3 cells during growth factor-stimulated transition from quiescence (G0) to a proliferative (G1) state. The level of p27kip1 protein falls dramatically after mitogenic stimulation and is accompanied by a decrease in cyclin E associated p27kip1, as well as a transient increase in cyclin D1-associated p27kip1 that later declines concomitantly with the loss of total p27kip1. Analysis of metabolically labelled cells revealed that cyclin D2, cyclin D3, and cdk4 were also partnered with p27kip1 in quiescent BALB/c 3T3 cells and that this association decreased after platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) treatment. Furthermore, the decline in p27kip1 and reduced association with cyclin D3, initiated by the addition of PDGF but not plasma-derived factors, suggested that these changes are involved in competence, the first step in the exit from G0. Synthesis of p27kip1 as determined by incorporation of [35S]methionine was repressed upon mitogenic stimulation, and PDGF was sufficient to elicit this repression within 2 to 3 h. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated the reduced rate of synthesis was not the result of an increased rate of degradation. Full repression of p27kip1 synthesis required the continued presence of PDGF and failed to occur in the presence of the RNA polymerase inhibitor 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside. These characteristics demonstrate that repression was a late effect of PDGF and was consistent with our finding that conditional expression of activated H-ras did not affect synthesis of p27kip1. Northern (RNA) analysis of p27kip1 mRNA revealed that the repression was not accompanied by a corresponding decrease in p27kip1 mRNA, suggesting that the PDGF-regulated decrease in p27kip1 expression occurred through a translational mechanism.     

Analysis of cyclin D3-cdk4 complexes in fibroblasts expressing and lacking p27(kip1) and p21(cip1)

Our studies examined the effects of p27(kip1) and p21(cip1) on the assembly and activity of cyclin D3-cdk4 complexes and determined the composition of the cyclin D3 pool in cells containing and lacking these cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. We found that catalytically active cyclin D3-cdk4 complexes were present in fibroblasts derived from p27(kip1)-p21(cip1)-null mice and that immunodepletion of extracts of wild-type cells with antibody to p27(kip1) and/or p21(cip1) removed cyclin D3 protein but not cyclin D3-associated activity. Similar results were observed in experiments assaying cyclin D1-cdk4 activity. Data obtained using mixed cell extracts demonstrated that p27(kip1) interacted with cyclin D3-cdk4 complexes in vitro and that this interaction was paralleled by a loss of cyclin D3-cdk4 activity. In p27(kip1)-p21(cip1)-deficient cells, the cyclin D3 pool consisted primarily of cyclin D3 monomers, whereas in wild-type cells, the majority of cyclin D3 molecules were complexed to cdk4 and either p27(kip1) or p21(cip1) or were monomeric. We conclude that neither p27(kip1) nor p21(cip1) is required for the formation of cyclin D3-cdk4 complexes and that cyclin D3-cdk4 complexes containing p27(kip1) or p21(cip1) are inactive. We suggest that only a minor portion of the total cyclin D3 pool accounts for all of the cyclin D3-cdk4 activity in the cell regardless of whether the cell contains p27(kip1) and p21(cip1).     

Understanding p27kip1 Deregulation in Cancer: Downregulation or Mislocalizaiton?

There is considerable evidence that the inactivation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 is a fundamental step for the development of human malignancies. In particular, reduced expression of p27kip1, due to increased protein degradation, correlates with poor prognosis of patients affected by various types of cancer. The purpose of this mini-review is to present an overview of the current understanding of the alteration of p27kip1 function in human cancer and to describe the different mechanisms that contributes to it. Particular emphasis is placed on the novel finding of p27kip1 mislocalization in tumor cells and on the biochemical pathways responsible for p27kip1 cytosolic accumulation. Finally, we review the possible clinical implications of these observations with respect to prognosis and novel anticancer therapies.     

Inhibition of breast and ovarian tumor growth through multiple signaling pathways by using retrovirus-mediated small interfering RNA against Her-2/neu gene expression

The Her-2/neu oncogene is overexpressed in approximately 30% of breast and ovarian cancer cases and often indicates a poor prognosis. Therapeutic agents against Her-2/neu have been intensively sought over the past decade. Here we show that small interfering RNA (siRNA) can silence the expression of Her-2/neu in models of human breast or ovarian cancer through retrovirus-mediated transfer of an siRNA against Her-2/neu. Cells infected with retrovirus expressing anti-Her-2/neu siRNA exhibit slower proliferation, increased apoptosis, increased G0/G1 arrest, and decreased tumor growth. Changes in cell cycle-associated factors included decreased levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, pAkt, and cyclin D1 and increased levels of p27 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein. Knockdown of Her-2/neu expression by siRNA is also associated with increased expression of the anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin-1 and decreased expression of the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor, suggesting that Her-2/neu stimulates tumor growth at least in part by regulating angiogenesis. siRNA-mediated gene silencing of Her-2/neu and increasing the expression of thrombospondin-1 may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Her-2/neu-over-expressing breast or ovarian cancer.