固醇调节元件结合蛋白2信号通路与非酒精性脂肪性肝病北大核心CSCD

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是以肝细胞内甘油三酯和胆固醇等脂毒性脂肪过度沉积为主要特征的一种临床获得性代谢综合征。最新研究表明,NAFLD向非酒精性脂肪肝炎(NASH)进展时,肝内胆固醇积累可能较甘油三酯更具有细胞毒性风险。固醇调节元件结合蛋白2(sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2,SREBP2)是脂质代谢重要的核转录因子之一,主要调控胆固醇的生物合成和体内平衡。SREBP2及其靶基因调控的胆固醇异常是引起非酒精性脂肪肝病发生发展的重要因素之一。因此,认识SREBP2信号通路中,上下游各因素的表达调控作用与NAFLD发病机制之间关系,就显得非常重要。本文总结了受SREBP2调控表达的靶基因的特点,着重介绍SREBP2调控胆固醇体内合成与平衡的信号通路与NAFLD发病机制之间关系,为研究和指导治疗NAFLD及其代谢性疾病提供新的思路。     

固醇调节素结合蛋白与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)的发生与血浆胆固醇水平、血管平滑肌细胞(Vascular smooth muscle cell,VSMC)密切相关.经研究证明,血浆胆固醇水平和VSMC是AS发病的关键因素.血浆胆固醇水平过高会促进AS的发生、发展;VSMC、向内膜迁移、增殖形成新生内膜也在AS的发生、发展中起重要作用.固醇调节素结合蛋白(Sterol regulatory element binding protein,SREBP)在调节胆固醇合成及代谢的平衡和稳态中起独有的重要作用,其过度表达将引起脂代谢的紊乱,造成非脂肪组织的脂质积聚,促进AS的发生和发展;而且,SREBP与VSMC之间存在一定的相互关系,SREBP在VSMC表达并参与VSMC盼迁移和增殖,在AS中发挥了重要作用.     

固醇调节元件结合蛋白2信号通路与非酒精性脂肪性肝病

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）是以肝细胞内甘油三酯和胆固醇等脂毒性脂肪过度沉积为主要特征的一种临床获得性代谢综合征。最新研究表明,NAFLD向非酒精性脂肪肝炎(NASH)进展时,肝内胆固醇积累可能较甘油三酯更具有细胞毒性风险。固醇调节元件结合蛋白2（sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2,SREBP2）是脂质代谢重要的核转录因子之一,主要调控胆固醇的生物合成和体内平衡。SREBP2及其靶基因调控的胆固醇异常是引起非酒精性脂肪肝病发生发展的重要因素之一。因此,认识SREBP2信号通路中,上下游各因素的表达调控作用与NAFLD发病机制之间关系,就显得非常重要。本文总结了受SREBP2调控表达的靶基因的特点,着重介绍SREBP2调控胆固醇体内合成与平衡的信号通路与NAFLD发病机制之间关系,为研究和指导治疗NAFLD及其代谢性疾病提供新的思路。     

SREBP介导的胆固醇生物合成反馈调节

胆固醇浓度的相对恒定对机体健康具有十分重要的意义,其主要通过反馈凋节来实现.胆固醇浓度高,它及其代谢产物氧固醇可通过和Scap或Insig的结合,抑制固醇凋节元件结合蛋白（SREBP）的活化,从而使胆固醇合成相关酶类生成减少;胆固醇浓度低,则SREBP裂解激活蛋白（SCAP）的抑制作用解除,SREBP可有效地从内质网运输到高尔基体实现剪切,使胆固醇合成增加.SREBP介导的胆固醇生物合成反馈调节,一方面有利于对机体胆固醇浓度的调控,另一方面也深化了对细胞囊泡运输的理解.     

细胞内胆固醇水平调节研究进展

细胞内胆固醇水平动态平衡是细胞发挥生理功能的重要保障.破坏细胞内胆固醇水平动态平衡不仅增加心血管系统疾病患病风险,而且与许多代谢性疾病相关.细胞内胆固醇水平主要受胆固醇生物合成、摄取、流出和酯化的调节.3-羟基-3-甲基-戊二酰基辅酶A还原酶、角鲨烯单加氧酶和固醇调节元件结合蛋白2是胆固醇合成关键因子.尼曼-匹克C1型...     

PCSK9/LDLR通路介导姜黄素烟酸酯促进HepG2摄取脂质

为研究PCSK9/LDLR通路介导姜黄素烟酸酯(CurTn)降低血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),减少动脉内膜下脂质沉积的分子机制,用5、10、15μmo/L姜黄素烟酸酯与25 mg/L LDL共孵育Hep G2细胞24 h,分别采用油红O染色、胆固醇荧光定量试剂盒、Di I-LDL摄取检测细胞内胆固醇含量及LDL摄取情况,用逆转录定量聚合酶链反应(RT-Q-PCR)检测LDLR及SREBP2的m RNA表达,蛋白质印迹检测LDLR、SREBP2及PCSK9蛋白表达.随姜黄素烟酸酯作用浓度的增高细胞内脂滴显著增多,细胞内游离胆固醇(FC)、总胆固醇(TC)含量增高,细胞内胆固醇摄取增多;RT-Q-PCR和蛋白质印迹检测发现,与对照组(Control)比较,5、10、15μmo/L姜黄素烟酸酯处理组LDLR蛋白表达增高,SREBP2 mRNA表达水平升高,PCSK9蛋白表达降低,但对LDLR mRNA及SREBP2蛋白表达无影响.结果表明:姜黄素烟酸酯通过降低PCSK9、减少LDLR降解、升高LDLR蛋白表达,促进HepG2细胞胆摄取胆固醇.初步说明CurTn可能通过抑制PCSK9介导LDLR溶酶体降解,促进肝脏清除血浆LDL-C水平.     

固醇调节素结合蛋白调节他汀类药物对血管平滑肌细胞作用

他汀类药物具有抗动脉粥样硬化的多向作用.其多向作用机制与他汀分子结构及其代谢过程有关,固醇调节素结合蛋白(SREBP)参与调节.他汀抑制血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)的增生和迁移,激活VSMC的SREBPs,抑制VSMC对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达.本文综述SREBP调节他汀类药物对VSMC的作用.     

研究: PCSK9/LDLR通路介导姜黄素烟酸酯促进HepG2摄取脂质

为研究PCSK9/LDLR通路介导姜黄素烟酸酯(CurTn)降低血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),减少动脉内膜下脂质沉积的分子机制,用5、10、15 μmo/L姜黄素烟酸酯与25 mg/L LDL共孵育HepG2细胞24 h,分别采用油红O染色、胆固醇荧光定量试剂盒、DiI-LDL摄取检测细胞内胆固醇含量及LDL摄取情况,用逆转录定量聚合酶链反应(RT-Q-PCR)检测LDLR及SREBP2的mRNA表达,蛋白质印迹检测LDLR、SREBP2及PCSK9蛋白表达．随姜黄素烟酸酯作用浓度的增高细胞内脂滴显著增多,细胞内游离胆固醇(FC)、总胆固醇(TC)含量增高,细胞内胆固醇摄取增多;RT-Q-PCR和蛋白质印迹检测发现,与对照组(Control)比较,5、10、15 μmo/L 姜黄素烟酸酯处理组LDLR 蛋白表达增高,SREBP2 mRNA表达水平升高,PCSK9蛋白表达降低,但对LDLR mRNA及SREBP2 蛋白表达无影响．结果表明：姜黄素烟酸酯通过降低PCSK9、减少LDLR降解、升高LDLR蛋白表达,促进HepG2细胞胆摄取胆固醇．初步说明CurTn可能通过抑制PCSK9介导LDLR溶酶体降解,促进肝脏清除血浆LDL-C水平．     

靶向甲羟戊酸途径抗血液肿瘤的研究进展

甲羟戊酸(mevalonate, MVA)途径是胆固醇合成的核心代谢通路,该途径异常参与多种肿瘤发生发展。羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, HMGCR)、羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A合酶1 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1, HMGCS1)及固醇调节元件结合蛋白2 (sterol regulatory element binding protein 2, SREBP2)是MVA途径关键限速蛋白,能够在基因转录、蛋白质翻译和降解等过程中被精细调控。本文围绕MVA途径调控网络关键代谢酶、其与血液肿瘤的关系以及相关调节剂在血液肿瘤中的应用进行综述。     

Sulfated oxysterol, 25HC3S, is a potent regulator of lipid metabolism in human hepatocytes

Recently, a novel oxysterol, 5-cholesten-3beta, 25-diol 3-sulfate (25HC3S) was identified in primary rat hepatocytes following overexpression of the cholesterol transport protein, StarD1. This oxysterol was also detected in human liver nuclei. In the present study, 25HC3S was chemically synthesized. Addition of 25HC3S (6 microM) to human hepatocytes markedly inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that 25HC3S markedly decreased HMG-CoA reductase mRNA and protein levels. Coincidently, 25HC3S inhibited the activation of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), suggesting that inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis occurred via blocking SREBP-1 activation, and subsequently by inhibiting the expression of HMG CoA reductase. 25HC3S also decreased SREBP-1 mRNA levels and inhibited the expression of target genes encoding acetyl CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). In contrast, 25-hydroxycholesterol increased SREBP1 and FAS mRNA levels in primary human hepatocytes. The results imply that 25HC3S is a potent regulator of SREBP mediated lipid metabolism.     

Regulation of astrocyte lipid metabolism and ApoE secretion by the microglial oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol

Neuroinflammation, a major hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease and several other neurological and psychiatric disorders, is often associated with dysregulated cholesterol metabolism. Relative to homeostatic microglia, activated microglia express higher levels of Ch25h, an enzyme that hydroxylates cholesterol to produce 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). 25HC is an oxysterol with interesting immune roles stemming from its ability to regulate cholesterol metabolism. Since astrocytes synthesize cholesterol in the brain and transport it to other cells via ApoE-containing lipoproteins, we hypothesized that secreted 25HC from microglia may influence lipid metabolism as well as extracellular ApoE derived from astrocytes. Here, we show that astrocytes take up externally added 25HC and respond with altered lipid metabolism. Extracellular levels of ApoE lipoprotein particles increased after treatment of astrocytes with 25HC without an increase in Apoe mRNA expression. In mouse astrocytes-expressing human ApoE3 or ApoE4, 25HC promoted extracellular ApoE3 better than ApoE4. Increased extracellular ApoE was due to elevated efflux from increased Abca1 expression via LXRs as well as decreased lipoprotein reuptake from suppressed Ldlr expression via inhibition of SREBP. 25HC also suppressed expression of Srebf2, but not Srebf1, leading to reduced cholesterol synthesis in astrocytes without affecting fatty acid levels. We further show that 25HC promoted the activity of sterol-o-acyl transferase that led to a doubling of the amount of cholesteryl esters and their concomitant storage in lipid droplets. Our results demonstrate an important role for 25HC in regulating astrocyte lipid metabolism.