犀角地黄汤化裁方对蛇伤患者血浆TT、PT、APTT的影响

目的观察犀角地黄汤化裁方对血循毒或混合毒蛇咬伤出现血分证的患者血浆TT、PT、APTT的影响。方法选择血循毒或混合毒蛇咬伤2h内的患者130例,随机分为2组,均给予常规治疗,治疗组加服犀角地黄汤化裁方。于就诊时、咬伤后72h测定其血浆TT、PT、APTT,并进行比较。结果2组患者在初诊时(伤后2h内)血浆TT、PT、APTT无明显差异,均在正常范围内;伤后72h三项指标均升高,对照组显著高于治疗组(P<0.05)。结论犀角地黄汤化裁方能抑制血循毒或混合毒蛇咬伤患者血浆TT、PT、APTT的延长,对蛇伤引起的凝血障碍有防治作用。     

222例血循毒和混合毒毒蛇咬伤患者的凝血功能分析

目的探讨血循毒和混合毒毒蛇咬伤患者凝血功能与致伤蛇种及就诊时间的相关性。方法对我院2010年7月～2012年7月收治的222例毒蛇咬伤患者的凝血功能(凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、纤维蛋白原)及致伤蛇种、就诊时间进行回顾性分析。结果 (1)我院蛇伤(血循毒和混合毒)患者以竹叶青蛇、烙铁头蛇、五步蛇、眼镜蛇为常见,少数为乡城烙铁头蛇、白头蝰蛇、眼镜王蛇,其它蛇伤罕见。(2)五步蛇伤早期(6h内)容易出现凝血功能障碍。(3)除五步蛇、蝰蛇外,其它血循毒和混合毒毒蛇咬伤6h后就诊者凝血功能障碍机率高。结论我院蛇伤以竹叶青蛇、烙铁头蛇、五步蛇、眼镜蛇咬伤常见,五步蛇咬伤早期(6h内)易出现凝血功能障碍,其它血循毒、混合毒毒蛇咬伤6h后凝血功能障碍率高;早期凝血功能障碍对五步蛇咬伤有诊断参考价值。     

毒蛇咬伤早期尿,血部分指标改变与肾功能的关系

目的 探讨毒蛇咬伤早期对肾功能的影响。方法对６７例蛇伤患者进行尿液分析和血液生化相关指标的观察。结果 约一半蛇伤患者尿ＰＲＯ和ＢＬＤ阳性,１／１０左右的患者尿ＬＥＵ阳性;全部病例血清Ｎａ、ＢＵＮ和Ｃｒ变化不大,蝰蛇伤和银环蛇伤出血Ｋ偏低。结论 毒蛇咬伤早期可使肾脏受到一定程度的影响,但肾功能变化并不严重,其影响在３种蛇伤之间有差别。     

中药蛇伤熏洗剂治疗蛇伤肢体肿胀的临床研究

目的观察中药蛇伤熏洗剂对蛇伤肢体肿胀患者的疗效。方法选择60例毒蛇咬伤肢体肿胀患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,对照组给予常规的蛇伤治疗方案,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上,于咬伤后72h开始使用中药蛇伤熏洗剂熏蒸及肢体浸泡,并观察两组患者咬伤后3天及6天的肢体肿胀程度、5-羟色胺的变化及肿胀消退时间、疗程等指标变化。结果两组患者治疗3天后各项指标比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,与治疗前比较均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗6天后比较,治疗组各项指标改善明显优于对照组,均具有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论中药蛇伤熏洗剂对蛇伤肢体肿胀的疗效显著,可以明显缩短肿胀消退时间、降低5-羟色胺水平。     

毒蛇咬伤患者院前早期程序化急救处理方案的应用观察

目的探讨毒蛇咬伤患者院前早期程序化急救处理方案的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院58例毒蛇咬伤患者应用院前早期程序化急救处理方案的临床资料。结果 58例毒蛇咬伤患者经院前早期程序化急救处理后,痊愈出院53例,好转3例,自动出院1例,院前死亡2例（眼镜王蛇咬伤1例,银环蛇咬伤1例）。结论院前急救是蛇伤治疗前期的一个关键性步骤,院前早期程序化急救处理方案应用于蛇伤患者,有利于提高抢救成功率。     

中西医结合治疗毒蛇咬伤1898例临床分析

目的观察中西医结合治疗毒蛇咬伤的临床疗效。方法对我所收治住院的1898例毒蛇咬伤患者,采用口服祁门蛇药胶囊及外敷“祛瘀散”,并结合抗蛇毒血清等西医支持对症治疗。结果1898例均治愈或好转,无1例死亡。结论口服蛇药胶囊及外敷“祛瘀散”,结合西医支持疗法,可提高蛇伤治愈率,中西医结合是救治毒蛇咬伤的有效方法。     

毒蛇咬伤患者院前程序化急救与护理

毒蛇咬伤是临床常见急症之一,病情变化迅速,致残致死率高,因此做好蛇伤病人早期救治显得十分必要。而院前急救是蛇伤治疗前期的一个关键性步骤,对毒蛇咬伤的预后影响较大。有资料表明,毒蛇咬伤患者的死亡原因之一是由     

应用蛇伤镇痛酊的临床观察

毒蛇咬伤致局部肿胀剧痛,是蛇伤科临床常见症状之一,而目前国内治疗蛇伤后局部消肿镇痛外用药物品种甚少,且消肿镇痛效果欠佳。因此,作者在祖传药酒镇痛的基础上进一步改进,在几百味中草药中筛选出有效经验方——蛇伤镇痛酊。主要用于治疗毒蛇咬伤引起的伤口局部肿胀疼痛,也可治疗风湿性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、痛风、急性软组织挫伤、陈旧性挫伤、带状疱疹后遗症、中风后遗症等,经对2342例蛇伤患者及646例慢性疑难病症患者的临床观察,疗效显著,现报告如下。     

毒蛇咬伤治疗前后肝功能变化规律探讨

目的探讨毒蛇咬伤患者治疗前后肝功能的变化情况。方法对我院2012年9月~2014年9月收治住院治疗、且明确何种蛇伤诊断的毒蛇咬伤患者作为研究对象,对患者治疗前后各时段进行6项肝功能指标检测,并按蛇种、时段及病情对检测结果进行统计分析。结果 5种毒蛇咬伤患者的6项肝功能指标在治疗前和治疗后1天大多有升高趋势,治疗后2天和4天降低,肝酶指标的下降与治疗前和治疗后1天比较有显著性差异(P0.05或P0.01)。治疗前和治疗后1天所有指标的血清水平均是重症高于轻症,而且两者比较差异有显著统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。各种毒蛇咬伤患者治疗前后各时段比较肝功能变化无统计学意义。结论毒蛇咬伤特别是重症患者可引起肝功能异常,以肝酶变化比较明显,胆红素变化较小。     

中西医结合治疗326例竹叶青蛇伤患者的疗效观察

目的观察中西医结合治疗竹叶青蛇咬伤的疗效。方法对326例竹叶青蛇伤患者采用口服蛇伤胶囊、三草汤,外用三黄散,穴位放血,结合西医治疗。结果 326例中,治愈293例（占89.88%）,显效28例（占8.59%）,有效3例（占0.92%）,无效2例（占0.61%）,总有效率99.39%。结论口服蛇伤胶囊、三草汤,外用三黄散,穴位放血,结合西医治疗能提高治愈率,是救治竹叶青蛇伤有效的方法。     

毒蛇咬伤对患者凝血功能的影响及诊疗分析

目的观察毒蛇咬伤对患者凝血功能的影响,并探讨有效的诊疗方法。方法对2014年9月~2015年9月我院收治的200例毒蛇咬伤患者凝血功能的变化情况进行研究,主要包括变化的类型、变化种类数量、出现异常的时间和好转时间,并分析诊疗过程及诊疗效果。结果毒蛇咬伤患者的凝血功能会受到不同程度的影响,其中纤维蛋白原(Fib)减少较明显,异常持续时间一般在72h以内,少数患者超过72h;患者入院后立即实施伤口清理、注射抗蛇毒血清、连续肾脏替代(CRRT治疗)等诊疗措施。经治疗后,患者均恢复出院。结论毒蛇咬伤可引起明显的凝血功能异常,及时采取有效的治疗措施,可明显提高治疗效果,促进康复。     

不明蛇种咬伤的急诊救治

目的探讨不明蛇种咬伤的诊断方法、临床特点及急诊救治措施。方法对64例不明蛇种咬伤患者的诊断方法、临床表现、程序化综合救治方法及疗效评价进行分析。结果蛇种判定基本准确,治疗及时,总有效率100%,伤口渗血、肿胀明显减少。结论急诊救治的关键是早期诊断、早期预测、早期治疗,其中早期诊断是重中之重。需要早期评估病情的发展,加强蛇伤知识的普及,提高对毒蛇的认识,建议群众尽可能把伤人之蛇打死带来医院以便于及早确诊。     

自拟益气活血方治疗小儿脾肾气虚型肾病综合征的疗效观察

目的:探讨自拟益气活血方治疗小儿脾肾气虚型肾病综合征的临床疗效。方法:选择2014年6月到2016年10月我院收治的80例脾肾气虚型肾病综合征患儿,按随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组各40例。对照组给予强的松治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上给予自拟益气活血方治疗,两组均治疗4个月。评估两组临床疗效,检测治疗前后两组24h尿蛋白、总胆固醇(TC)、血浆白蛋白(Alb)以及肾功能指标包括尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、血肌酐清除率(Ccr)。结果:治疗组的总有效率为95.00%,明显高于对照组的67.50%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组24 h尿蛋白、TC、BUN及Scr水平低于治疗前,Alb、Ccr水平高于治疗前,且治疗组上述各指标水平变化均显著优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:自拟益气活血方治疗小儿脾肾气虚型肾病综合征的临床疗效显著,能够明显改善患儿肾功能,值得在临床上推广应用。     

蛇伤性溃疡中西医结合高压氧治疗的体会

目的总结中西医结合高压氧治疗蛇伤性溃疡的临床疗效。方法对我院收治的27例蛇伤性溃疡患者在全身支持治疗、伤口局部清创、外用及湿敷中药治疗外,并给予高压氧治疗。结果 27例蛇伤性溃疡患者均治愈出院,治愈率100%。结论中西医结合高压氧治疗蛇伤性溃疡的疗效确切,值得临床借鉴及推广。     

Time delays in treatment of snakebite patients in rural Sri Lanka and the need for rapid diagnostic tests

Delays in treatment seeking and antivenom administration remain problematic for snake envenoming. We aimed to describe the treatment seeking pattern and delays in admission to hospital and administration of antivenom in a cohort of authenticated snakebite patients. Adults (> 16 years), who presented with a confirmed snakebite from August 2013 to October 2014 were recruited from Anuradhapura Hospital. Demographic data, information on the circumstances of the bite, first aid, health-seeking behaviour, hospital admission, clinical features, outcomes and antivenom treatment were documented prospectively. There were 742 snakebite patients [median age: 40 years (IQR:27–51; males: 476 (64%)]. One hundred and five (14%) patients intentionally delayed treatment by a median of 45min (IQR:20-120min). Antivenom was administered a median of 230min (IQR:180–360min) post-bite, which didn’t differ between directly admitted and transferred patients; 21 (8%) receiving antivenom within 2h and 141 (55%) within 4h of the bite. However, transferred patients received antivenom sooner after admission to Anuradhapura hospital than those directly admitted (60min [IQR:30-120min] versus 120min [IQR:52-265min; p<0.0001]). A significantly greater proportion of transferred patients had features of systemic envenoming on admission compared to those directly admitted (166/212 [78%] versus 5/43 [12%]; p<0.0001), and had positive clotting tests on admission (123/212 [58%] versus 10/43 [23%]; p<0.0001). Sri Lankan snakebite patients present early to hospital, but there remains a delay until antivenom administration. This delay reflects a delay in the appearance of observable or measurable features of envenoming and a lack of reliable early diagnostic tests. Improved early antivenom treatment will require reliable, rapid diagnostics for systemic envenoming.     

Upper and Lower Urinary Tract Outcomes in Adult Myelomeningocele Patients: A Systematic Review

Background

The introduction of sophisticated treatment of bladder dysfunction and hydrocephalus allows the majority of SB patients to survive into adulthood. However, no systematic review on urological outcome in adult SB patients is available and no follow-up schemes exist.

Objectives

To systematically summarize the evidence on outcome of urinary tract functioning in adult SB patients.

Methods

A literature search in PubMed and Embase databases was done. Only papers published in the last 25 years describing patients with open SB with a mean age >18 years were included. We focused on finding differences in the treatment strategies, e.g., clean intermittent catheterization and antimuscarinic drugs versus early urinary diversion, with regard to long-term renal and bladder outcomes.

Results

A total of 13 articles and 5 meeting abstracts on urinary tract status of adult SB patients were found describing a total of 1564 patients with a mean age of 26.1 years (range 3–74 years, with a few patients <18 years). All were retrospective cohort studies with relatively small and heterogeneous samples with inconsistent reporting of outcome; this precluded the pooling of data and meta-analysis. Total continence was achieved in 449/1192 (37.7%; range 8–85%) patients. Neurological level of the lesion and hydrocephalus were associated with incontinence. Renal function was studied in 1128 adult patients. In 290/1128 (25.7%; range 3–81.8%) patients some degree of renal damage was found and end-stage renal disease was seen in 12/958 (1.3%) patients. Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergy and detrusor-overactivity acted as adverse prognostic factors for the development of renal damage.

Conclusions

These findings should outline follow-up schedules for SB patients, which do not yet exist. Since renal and bladder deterioration continues beyond adolescence, follow-up of these individuals is needed. We recommend standardization in reporting the outcome of urinary tract function in adult SB patients.     

西格列汀对早期2型糖尿病肾病患者肾功能的影响

目的:研究西格列汀对早期2型糖尿病肾病患者肾小球、肾小管标志性蛋白/酶的影响。方法:早期2型糖尿病肾病患者72例,随机数字表分为对照组36例、治疗组36例;两组均采用糖尿病饮食管理、运动治疗,在控制血糖、血脂、血压的基础上,治疗组给予磷酸西格列汀100 mg 1粒/次,1次/天,持续服药6月。观察治疗前、后两组血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、血脂、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2 h PBG)、血清胱抑素-C(Cys-C)及24 h尿微量白蛋白(24 h UAE)、尿N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)的变化。结果:治疗后,治疗组血脂、Hb A1c、FBG、2 h PBG较对照组明显下降,差异有显著性(P0.05)。两组患者24 h UAE、NAG、β2-MG和Cys-C较治疗前均下降,差异有显著性(P0.05);两组治疗后相比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:西格列汀可以有效控制早期DN患者的血糖水平,减少血清Cys-C、尿微量白蛋白水平,减轻肾小管损伤,有利于延缓DN的病程和进展。     

Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) specific induction and temporal stability in urine samples as a reliable biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Abstract

We demonstrated that urinary heat shock protein of 72 KDa (Hsp72) is a sensitive biomarker for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, whether Hsp72 induction during an AKI episode is kidney-specific is unknown, as well as, the degree of Hsp72 stability in urine samples. In rats that underwent bilateral renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), Hsp72 levels were evaluated in several tissues and in collected urines under different storage and temperature conditions, as well as in variable numbers of freeze-thaw cycles. The effect of room temperature and five freeze-thaw cycles on urinary Hsp72 levels was also evaluated in urine samples from AKI patients. We found that Hsp72 increased exclusively in the renal cortex of I/R group, emphasizing its performance as an AKI biomarker. Urinary-Hsp72 remained constant at room temperature (48 h), during 9 months of storage and was not affected by five freeze/thaw cycles.