中国景天亚属的新分类群和八宝属一新组合

多年生草本,无毛。不育茎近直立,长3—5厘米,连同花茎密生叶;花茎直立或基部横卧,基部节上生有须根,长5—10厘米。叶互生,长圆形或倒卵形,长5—8毫米,宽2.5—4毫米,先端圆钝,基部具短距。花序顶生,聚伞式蝎尾状,着生多花,常8分枝,直径2—4厘米。花为不等的五基数,无梗;萼片5,三角形和宽线形,离生,不等长,长1—2.5毫米,宽0.7—1毫米,先端钝,基部具距;花瓣5,黄色,长圆状披针形,长4.5—6.5毫米,宽1—1.5毫米,先端具短尖头,基部稍合生;雄蕊10,2轮,对瓣的长2.5—3.5毫米,在基部上1毫米处着生,对萼的长3.2—4.6毫米,花药黄褐色,鳞片5,近扇形,长约0.5毫米;心皮5,卵状披针形,全长3.5—5毫米,花柱长1—1.5毫米,基部约1毫米合生,含多数胚珠。蓇葖果成熟时星状叉开,内侧具囊状隆起。种子近卵形,长约0.6毫米,被微乳头状突起。花期6—7月。产四川南川金佛山,生于海拔1200米的山坡岩石上。本种与日本景天S.japonicum Sieb.ex Miq.相近,但植株的分枝少或无;叶扁     

中国景天属新植物

一年生草本,无毛,高达20厘米。茎直立,圆柱形,中部以上少分枝,疏具叶。叶互生,长线形,长10-16毫米,宽约1.5毫米,先端尖,基部有钝距。     

四川肋柱花属(龙胆科)一新种

一年生草本,高17~27cm;根具主根与少数须根.茎近四棱形,通常不分枝或有时基部具分枝,直立或近直立,节间长.基础生叶早落,倒披针形,长7~10mm,宽1.5mm,先端钝,基础部渐狭成柄状;茎生叶4~5对,卵圆形或宽卵形,长7~12mm,宽4~10mm,先端浑圆或钝,基部截形或近圆形,不合生,两面三刀面主脉明显,叶柄不明显.     

封面植物介绍——裸茎碎米荠

正裸茎碎米荠(Cardamine scaposa Franch.)隶属于十字花科(Brassicaceae)碎米荠属。多年生草本,高4~18cm,花葶状,全株无毛。根状茎纤细,匍匐生长。茎单一直立,无叶。基生叶单一;叶柄长1~12cm;叶近于圆形或肾状圆形,长0.3~2.0cm,宽0.5~3.0cm,基部心形,边缘波状或全缘。无茎生叶。总状花序顶生,具2~10朵花。果期花梗直立或上升,长1~4cm,基部的最长。萼片卵圆形或椭圆形,长3~4mm,宽1.5~2.2mm,边缘膜质,白色透明。花瓣白色,倒卵形,长8~13mm,宽5~7mm,顶端圆或微凹,基部     

封面植物介绍——裸茎碎米荠

正裸茎碎米荠(Cardamine scaposa Franch.)隶属于十字花科(Brassicaceae)碎米荠属。多年生草本,高4~18cm,花葶状,全株无毛。根状茎纤细,匍匐生长。茎单一直立,无叶。基生叶单一;叶柄长1~12cm;叶近于圆形或肾状圆形,长0.3~2.0cm,宽0.5~3.0cm,基部心形,边缘波状或全缘。无茎生叶。总状花序顶生,具2~10朵花。果期花梗直立或上升,长1~4cm,基部的最长。萼片卵圆形或椭圆形,长3~4mm,宽1.5~2.2mm,边缘膜质,白色透明。花瓣白色,倒卵形,长8~13mm,宽5~7mm,顶端圆或微凹,基部     

封面植物介绍——裸茎碎米荠

正裸茎碎米荠(Cardamine scaposa Franch.)隶属于十字花科(Brassicaceae)碎米荠属。多年生草本,高4~18cm,花葶状,全株无毛。根状茎纤细,匍匐生长。茎单一直立,无叶。基生叶单一;叶柄长1~12cm;叶近于圆形或肾状圆形,长0.3~2.0cm,宽0.5~3.0cm,基部心形,边缘波状或全缘。无茎生叶。总状花序顶生,具2~10朵花。果期花梗直立或上升,长1~4cm,基部的最长。萼片卵圆形或椭圆形,长3~4mm,宽1.5~2.2mm,边缘膜质,白色透明。花瓣白色,倒卵形,长8~13mm,宽5~7mm,顶端圆或微凹,基部     

山茶属一新种及其核型分析

<正> 灌木,高5米;嫩枝无毛,红色。叶互生,叶柄长6—12mm,叶片厚革质,椭圆形,长10—16cm,宽4—6cm,先端渐尖,叶基部一般阔契形或略钝,无毛,有微小黑腺点,边缘有细齿或只上半部有细齿,齿刻相隔3—8mm,侧脉7—9对,干时主脉上下突起。花1—2朵,顶生或腋生,直径可达9cm;无梗。苞片和萼片不分化,共15片,革质,背被绒毛,由外至内渐变大,最外1片长2mm,宽3mm,最内2片各长1.5—2cm,宽1.5     

封面植物介绍——太白美花草

太白美花草(Callianthemum taipaicum W.T.Wang)又名重叶莲,隶属于毛茛科美花草属。为多年生草本,高8~10cm,全株无毛。基生叶3~6片,花期不完全展开;叶柄长2~10cm,基部抱茎;叶片深裂,小叶2~3对,再2~3裂。茎生叶1~2片,长1~2.5cm。花直径2.2~2.8cm。萼片5,蓝紫色。花瓣9~13,基部褐色,狭倒卵形或倒披针形,长11~14mm,宽3.5~6mm,先端截形。雄蕊长4~5mm;花丝狭线形;花药长圆形,长约0.8mm。心皮18~22个。花期6月。     

山东鳞毛蕨属一新种

植株高达60厘米,根状茎直立或斜升,顶端密被黑褐色、全缘、披针形鳞片,鳞片边缘有棕色狭边。叶丛生,叶柄长约20-25厘米,禾杆色,初被黑褐色先端卷曲的披针形鳞片,后逐渐脱落;叶片长圆形,长30-40厘米,宽20-25厘米,基部圆形,先端渐尖,3回羽裂;羽片10-12对,斜向上,互生,基部一对较大,柄长约1厘米,卵状披针形,长约16厘米,宽约10厘米,2回羽裂,小羽片约10对,基部上侧小羽片与叶轴平行,下侧一片较大,长圆形,长约6厘米,宽达3厘米,l回羽裂,末回小羽片短圆,边缘羽裂或全缘,其余各对羽片向上渐短。     

安徽景天属一新种

一年生草生。无毛,高8-15厘米。花茎少数,几近基部分枝。最下部茎生叶在接近茎基部处近轮生,其余的对生,上部的互生,狭倒卵形或狭披针形,长5-6.5毫米,宽1毫米,基部有距,钝,先端长渐尖,钝。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.