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1.
A procedure was established for the induction of regenerable calli from immature inflorescence segments of high-tannin cultivars of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Murashige & Skoog's medium with several components altered was utilized for inducing, maintaining, and regenerating the cultures. Embryogenic calli formed at a frequency of 8–70% depending on the genotype. During a ten-month period, 3600 plants were regenerated from eight genotypes tested. Among the developmental stages of immature inflorescence tested (from differentiation of secondary branch primordia to floret formation) no critical differences were found in potential for callusing, embryogenesis or regeneration. Genotypic differences were observed in pigment production, embryogenic callus formation, shoot differentiation, and in maintenance of regeneration capacity.Abbreviations 2,4-D
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
This is Journal Paper Number 11972 from the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station 相似文献
2.
Tony H. H. Chen Janet Marowitch B. G. Thompson 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1987,8(1):73-81
Fifty genotypes of each of three cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago spp.) were tested in three medium protocols for their capacity to produce somatic embryos and plantlets from callus cultures. Highly productive genotypes produced somatic embryos regardless of medium protocol or explant source, while other genotypes produced somatic embryos in a medium-specific or explant-specific fashion. The results showed that embryogenesis in mature leaf-derived calli could be predicted from the frequency of embryo formation in cotyledon-derived calli of the same genotype. The results also indicated that highly productive genotypes can be selected from cultivars with a low frequency of regeneration. 相似文献
3.
Maria Karadimova Galina Djambova 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1993,29(4):180-182
Summary Callus cultures were initiated from immature embryos of oneTriticum aestivum and threeT. durum cultivars. Growing morphogenic calli were exposed to different concentrations of NaCl (0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7%) added to the
culture medium during two subsequent subcultures (4 wk each). The growth rate of the calli was determined by the relative
fresh weight callus growth (RFWCG). The callus growth of all investigated genotypes was slightly changed in the presence of
0.3 and 0.5% NaCl, but strongly inhibited by 0.7% NaCl. Selected NaCl-tolerant clones were isolated and plants were regenerated
on MS-based regeneration medium without NaCl. The regeneration capacity of the selected calli was highly reduced compared
to the control. The highest number of regenerants was scored for cv. Gladiator (T. aestivum). All regenerated plants were morphologically normal and many developed to maturity and set seeds. Seedlings from the R1 generation of selected and control plants were treated with 0.5% NaCl in vivo in liquid cultures for 6 wk. Salt tolerance
of the progenies of selected plants appeared in all cultivars, but those derived from calli grown on medium with 0.7% NaCl
showed the highest survival rate.T. aestivum showed higher tolerance to NaCl salinity thanT. durum. 相似文献
4.
Effect of sorbitol concentration on regeneration of embryogenic calli in upland rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pengpeng Geng Honggui La Huaqi Wang Elliot J. C. Stevens 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,92(3):303-313
This study describes the impact of sorbitol on plantlets regeneration frequency (PRF) of four rice cultivars (japonica, Oryza sativa L.) both of which mature and immature embryo-derived calli were investigated. The variance analysis results showed that PRF
of the three elite upland rice cultivars, Handao297 (HD297), Handao502 (HD502), Handao65 (HD65) and one lowland rice cultivar
Zhongzuo93 (ZZ93) were significantly increased with addition of appropriate amount of sorbitol in culture media. Supplementing
appropriate sorbitol in the media of a continous culture from induction and maintenance to regeneration for mature embryo-derived
calli could improve PRF dramatically, originally from 27.6% up to a maximum of 71.8%. Especially to low regenerative capacity
(LRC) cultivar HD65, the PRF was increased over 7-fold (from 9.7% to 74.0%). The optimum concentrations of sorbitol for calli
induction, subculture and differentiation were 5, 20 and 40 g/l, respectively. Adding sorbitol, only in maintenance media
at concentration of 20 g/l, also enhanced the PRF greatly in all the cultivars from 27.6% to 43.3%. Similar results were observed
when incorporating with maltose in regenerating media both in immature and mature embryo-derived calli. The optimal concentration
was 25 g/l sorbitol + 20 g/l maltose and 20 g/l sorbitol + 25 g/l maltose, respectively. HD297 appeared to be the most responsive
genotype compared to other cultivars in PRF, 99.2% in immature embryo-derived calli and 76.8% in mature embryo-derived calli.
The results and relevant conclusions might be valuable to establish an efficient plant regeneration system from somatic embryogenesis
culture in upland rice. 相似文献
5.
Fertile rice plants have been regenerated from protoplasts of two japonica rice varieties (Radon and Baldo) using a protocol
initially developed for plant regeneration from protoplasts of an indica rice. Embryogenic calli were developed from immature
embryos of Radon and Baldo rice on a callus induction medium, and then used to establish cell suspensions. Protoplasts were
isolated from the cell suspensions, and cultured on a Millipore filter placed on a Kao/agarose medium that contained cell
clusters from suspensions of IR52 or IR45. The protoplasts grew vigorously on Kao medium and developed into embryogenic calli
within two to three weeks. Somatic embryo development occurred during a subsequent transfer of the calli to an LS medium for
two to three weeks. The calli were then transferred to MS or N6 plant regeneration medium, and within one to three weeks,
plants regenerated from 21 to 32% of the Radon calli, and 33 to 35% of the Baldo calli. Based upon these results and the previous
success in regenerating an indica variety from protoplasts, this procedure has great promise for regenerating a range of rice
varieties, and probably for regeneration of other monocotyledonous plants from protoplasts 相似文献
6.
Agnieszka Płażek 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》1998,20(4):347-351
The aim of the presented work was the search for the relationship between the level of soluble carbohydrates in callus tissues
of eight meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) cultivars and their growth ability on media containing Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera dictyoides metabolites. Calli were induced from mature grains using the method previously described (Płażek 1994). Callus obtained from
single caryopsis was cut into three pieces which were weighted and put on the media with or without pathogen metabolites.
Tissue selection was performed by means of “double-layer culture” technique (Lepoivre et al. 1986). After two-week culture in the darkness at temp. of 25°C the calli were weighted again. The sugar level in tissue was
measured by means of colorimetric method of Klein & Weissman according to Snell (1961).
Fresh mass decrease of calli developing on the media with fungus metabolites was observed by all studied object. The tolerance
of calli of the tested cultivars to metabolites of both pathogens was significantly different. However, significant similarity
between the tolerance of calli of particular varietes to both fungi was noted.
The soluble carbohydrate contents in control tissue of all studied cultivars were similar and their values ranged between
2.4 and 3 % of fresh mass. B. sorokiniana metabolites caused a significant decrease of the sugar content in calli, while D. dictyoides metabolites did not decrease the sugar level. 相似文献
7.
H. S. Chawla G. Wenzel 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1987,74(6):841-845
Summary Calli derived from immature embryos of barley and wheat genotypes were screened for their resistance to purified culture filtrate produced by the fungus Helminthosporium sativum P.K. and B. Two selection methods were used: a continuous method in which four cycles of selection were performed one after another on toxic medium and a discontinuous method in which a pause on non-toxic medium was given after the second or third cycle of selection. The latter was superior as it allowed the calli to regain their regeneration ability. About 3,000 calli from two barley genotypes and 2,000 from two wheat genotypes were used for selection. The selection with the pathotoxins resulted in 6% to 17% surviving calli. Toxin tolerant callus lines of barley were characterised by protein isozymes. Zymograms showed one more isozyme than with the unselected sensitive callus. Barley and wheat plants have been regenerated from callus lines surviving the toxin treatment and in vivo testing against pathogen revealed that the majority of these plants were less sensitive. 相似文献
8.
M. Maheswari N. Jyothi Lakshmi S. K. Yadav Y. Varalaxmi A. Vijaya Lakshmi M. Vanaja B. Venkateswarlu 《Biologia Plantarum》2006,50(4):741-744
An efficient and rapid regeneration protocol was developed using shoot apices from germinating seedlings of two cultivars
of sorghum, SPV-462 and M35-1, as explants. A vertical slit given from the base of each dissected apex enhanced the efficiency
of callusing response by two fold. MS medium containing 0.5 mg dm−3 each of 2,4-D and kinetin was most effective in producing friable and embryogenic calli. Scanning electron microscopy of
these calli detected somatic embryogenesis. Calli thus induced gave rise to approximately 42 green shoots per callus in both
the genotypes when transferred to regeneration medium containing 1.5 mg dm−3 kinetin. 相似文献
9.
Two successive cycles of mature embryo-derived callus culture separated by one cycle of sexual reproduction of R0 regenerated plants were performed using two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in order to gain information upon the nature of somaclonal variation in this species. Plants regenerated after one cycle of tissue culture exhibited higher variability and lower performances than those of initial cultivar. A second cycle performed using R1 embryos as explants showed that the cellular component of salt resistance in terms of growth and regenerating abilities selected during the first cycle could be transmitted to the progenies. The extent and the nature of somaclonal variation depended on the identity of R0 mother plant and culture conditions, somaclonal variation being strongly reduced in some families obtained from salt-treated calli. 相似文献
10.
Fernández M . T. Fernández M. Centeno M. L. Cañal M . J. Rodriguez R. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,61(1):41-49
Culture filtrate of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum caused dark brown lesions on the lower surface veins of bean leaves. This phenomenon was used as a bioassay to study the
production of toxic fungal metabolites. Calli from anthracnose-susceptible bean cultivars 'Collacia', 'Andecha' and 'Seronda'
were sensitive to a 12.5% solution of race 38 filtrate or to a 25% solution of race 7 filtrate. In contrast, calli from anthracnose-resistant
bean genotypes A 247, TU, PI 207262, 'Collacia' × 'Tu', 'Collacia' × AB 136 and 'Collacia' × PI 207262 did not develop browning.
Culture filtrates were passed through an ionic-exchange resin and a gel filtration resin. Toxic activity of fractions from
two races of the fungal pathogen was different, although in both races slight necrosis was produced by the same nine fractions.
Pathogenicity could be related with common substances and toxicity could be identified with differential compounds.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Protoplasts from a total of thirty-six genotypes of Brassica species – B. napus, B. campestris (syn. B. rapa), B. juncea, and three distant relatives, Orychophragmus violaceus, Isatis indigotica and Xinjiang wild rape – were analysed for shoot regeneration using a feeder culture system. With the exception of B. campestris and Xinjiang wild rape, some genotypes of all the species could regenerate plants with high efficiency (above 20% of isolated
calli initiating shoots). Several genotypes with high regeneration ability were elite breeding lines. Culture conditions as
well as genotype had a significant impact on shoot regeneration frequency. In particular, silver nitrate added to the regeneration
medium at doses of 6 and 30 μM improved shoot regeneration frequency to 25.4% and 52.2% of isolated calli, respectively, compared
to 7.3% percent shoot regeneration without silver nitrate in seven responsive genotypes. Addition of silver nitrate to the
regeneration medium also induced shoot regeneration in non-responsive genotypes. Intact plants could be obtained within three
months from protoplast isolation in the regenerative genotypes using the current culture system. Advantages of mesophyll protoplasts
as compared to protoplasts isolated from hypocotyls for genetic manipulation in Brassica species are discussed.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
A. Vardi E. Epstein A. Breiman 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1986,72(4):569-574
Summary Nucellar calli from four Citrus cultivars with known resistance to the Phytophthora citrophthora pathogen were chosen as experimental material to test the pathogen's response to culture filtrate (CF). Sensitivity of the four calli to CF of the fungus was in reverse order to what is known on the susceptibility of the cultivars in vivo. Sensitivity of protoplasts derived from the same four calli to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was in the same order as that of calli to CF. Protoplasts derived from calli selected for tolerance to CF showed a higher plating efficiency with increasing concentration of CF in the medium. TLC and GLC determinations showed the presence of indole acetic acid in the culture filtrate. Results indicate that CF of P. citrophthora cannot be used as a selection tool in vitro.Contribution No. 1655-E, 1986 series, from the Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel 相似文献
13.
Plant regeneration from calli of three cultivars of Allium cepa (Senshuki, O·Pki and Shojovaka) was investigated. Callus was induced on four variations of BDS medium containing different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyladenine (BAP). The regeneration frequency of calli of cvs. Senshuki and O·Pki subcultured on solid MS medium supplemented with BAP ranged from 50% to 80%; this frequency decreased to less than 30% after subculture in the dark in liquid BDS medium. By repeating the dark/light transitions of the culture protocol and by selecting for green cell clusters, we were able to increase the regeneration frequency to more than 80% in all three cultivars. These cell clusters maintained a high regeneration capacity in subsequent subcultures in the absence of light for 2 months. Most (97%) of the regenerated plantlets had a normal diploid karyotype (2n=16) that was identical to that of the mother plants, although 3% of the regenerated plants of cv. Shojovaka had a tetraploid karyotype.Abbreviations BAP 6-Benzyladenine - 2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
14.
Response of twenty eight cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) to immature embryo culture, callus production and in vitro salt tolerance was evaluated. For assessment of cultivars to salt tolerance, growing morphogenic calli were exposed to different
concentrations of NaCl (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 and 2.1% w/v) added to the culture medium during two subsequent subcultures
(4 weeks each). Comparison of cultivars for callus induction from immature embryo was based on callus induction frequency
and fresh weight growth of callus (FWG). While, for salt tolerance, the relative fresh weight growth (RFWG) and necrosis percent
of callus were used. There were significant differences among cultivars for potential of regeneration from immature embryo,
and ‘Shahivandi’ a native durum wheat cultivar originating from western Iran was superior among the cultivars tested. The
FWG distinguished cultivars more than callus induction frequency did for callus induction evaluation. Hence, a range of FWG
from 1.23 to 14.65 g was observed in ‘Mexical-75’ and ‘Omrabi-5’ cultivars, respectively. Growing calli derived from cultivars
‘PI 40100’ and ‘Dipper-6’ showed superiority for tolerating salinity under in vitro conditions.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Nadia Anwar Kazuo N. Watanabe Junko A. Watanabe 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,105(2):219-231
Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] is considered to be recalcitrant to transformation and regeneration because of its genotype-dependent in vitro
responses. The lack of a genotype-independent transformation and regeneration system limits biotechnological applications
in this plant species. To establish a transformation system for a diverse group of sweet potato genotypes, we examined sweet
potato regeneration after transformation in five cultivars. An Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation system was used for the introduction of mammalian cytochrome P450 genes, which are capable of conferring herbicide
tolerance. Among the different factors studied, including explant type, plasmid vectors, and auxin type in the initiation
media, auxin type had the greatest effect on the regeneration response. Of the auxins tested, only 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid
(4FA) induced regeneration from all cultivars. In terms of the quality of calli, 4FA promoted the induction of type I calli,
which were capable of somatic embryo formation, whereas type II calli fail to produce somatic embryos. The frequency of somatic
embryo formation was also affected by the composition of the embryo-induction media. Transgenic plants were regenerated from
all cultivars. The stable integration and expression of transgenes was confirmed by several approaches. This Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system should be applicable to a wide range of sweet potato cultivars. 相似文献
16.
N. Mitić D. Dodig R. Nikolić S. Ninković D. Vinterhalter B. Vinterhalter 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2009,56(4):540-545
The influence of donor plant growth conditions in years 2003, 2004, and 2005 on tissue culture response (TCR) traits of 96
wheat genotypes was evaluated. Immature embryos, collected 12–15 days after anthesis from field-grown plants, were cultured
on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2 mg/l 2,4-D followed by their transfer to a growth regulator-free medium. Donor
plants growth in a season 2003 characterized by drought and heat stress, as compared to favorable growth seasons 2004 and
2005, resulted in a increased variability and a decreased percentage of callus formation and the number of regenerating calli
and plants regenerated per embryo in all genotypes, except genotype Florida that exhibited a significantly increased number
of regenerating calli in 2003. The reduction rate of regenerating callus formation depended on genotype, and it was the highest
in Magnif 41, NS66/92, and Mexico 3. The results suggest that the impact of donor plant growth conditions on TCR traits can
be as large as the effect of the genotype, which should be taken into account when planning transformation work with wheat.
Published in Russian in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2009, vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 596–602.
This text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
17.
Duckweed(Lemna gibba) is a useful model system for elucidating plant development, but the techniques needed for regenerating fronds from calli
are not yet well established. This study examined the effects of auxin, sucrose, and gelling agents on callus and frond formation
inL. gibba G3. After three weeks of culturing on a solid medium, two types of calli were observed: watery, pale-green, and undifferentiated;
or white, compact calli that were organized into nodules and which resembled somatic embryogenie calli. Homogeneous callus
lines were produced through selective subculture. To induce nodular calli, auxin (2,4-D) was absolutely required, with an
effective concentration of 5 to 20 μM; induction was found to be possible with up to a maximum concentration of 4.4%. The
calli were then maintained on a medium with a reduced 2,4-D concentration (1 μM), and were transferred every three weeks.
Optimal callus induction and growth were obtained by using 3% sucrose with a combination of 0.15% Gelrite and 0.4% agar. Fronds,
however, could be regenerated only on distilled water solidified with a combination of 0.4% agar and 0.15% Gelrite. On this
medium, 87% of the callus expiants regenerated into fronds after four weeks of culture. These new fronds were morphologically
normal but small, approximately 15 to 20% of the size of stock fronds. Continued culture of these fronds in an SH medium produced
normal duckweeds, and histological examination of the cultures revealed several distinct types of callus nodules. Nonetheless,
because zygotic embryogenesis inL. gibba does not produce distinct bipolar structures, the developmental pathway of frond regeneration from these nodular cultures
remains unknown. 相似文献
18.
早熟棉体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生体系的建立 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以8个早熟或特早熟棉花为材料,通过不同激素组合(1.0 mg/L IBA+0.5 mg/L KT;0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L KT)诱导其愈伤组织,为早熟棉花的遗传转化以及基因功能研究奠定基础.结果表明,2种激素组合均能诱导产生4种主要类型的愈伤组织:淡黄色颗粒状愈伤组织,褐化的愈伤组织,翠绿致密的愈伤组织,疯长型愈伤组织.4种愈伤组织转入增殖培养基中前2种愈伤组织能够分化出胚性愈伤组织,胚性愈伤组织再转到分化培养基上培养能够产生胚状体,即体细胞胚;体细胞胚进一步发育成为再生小苗.用该组织培养再生系统,成功地使晋棉5号、中棉27号和辽棉10号等3个早熟棉品种在5~7个月内通过体细胞胚胎分化获得再生小苗. 相似文献
19.
P. Subhashini Devi B. Satyanarayana A. Arundhati T. Raghava Rao 《Biologia Plantarum》2013,57(4):778-782
The changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and amounts of proteins, phenols, and flavonoids in regenerating and non-regenerating calli during organogenesis of Sterculia urens were monitored. Maximum growth of calli and the most efficient regeneration of shoots occurred on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm?3 benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 2 or 4 mg dm?3 naphtalene acetic acid (NAA). Peroxidase (POD), catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities increased in the regenerating calli but decreased in the non-regenerating calli. Six POD isoenzymes were detected. Protein content decreased in the non-regenerating calli and increased significantly during regeneration of shoots from callus. Total phenols and flavonoids increased in the non regenerating calli. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a role of many proteins in organogenesis. 相似文献
20.
A reliable protocol for plant regeneration from mature embryo derived calli of nine barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars has been developed. The auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, picloram and dicamba proved effective in inducing
callus from mature embryos of most of the barley cultivars. The induced primary callus was loose, friable and translucent.
It ultimately yielded creamy white and compact callus after 2 - 3 transfers on fresh medium of the same composition. Callus
induction and regeneration capacity were highly cultivar dependent. Addition of a high concentration of picloram (4 mg dm-3) promoted regeneration in 3 cultivars (Tallon, Grimmett and Sloop). In cv. Arapiles, abscisic acid and betaine were crucial
in generating morphogenic callus from the mature embryos. Plants regenerated from these calli were hardy and developed roots
readily when transferred to hormone free medium.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献