早黄菊套盆栽培技术

介绍早黄菊的套盆技术,研究了套盆技术环节如繁殖,覆土,矮化及病虫害防治等。结果显示栽黄菊可以通过人工控制使其形状美国和花色亮丽及植株矮化。同时花期也能为控制,利用此法可以控制菊花的病虫害。     

菊花的常用食疗谱

菊花的食疗方法很多,主要分三个方面:一、菊膳,以菊花制作佳肴。二、菊花酒,菊花酒可以单独使用菊花,也可以加入各种有益的中草药。三、菊花茶.菊花茶是自古至今长盛不衰的一种很好的保健饮品。以下是菊花古今常用的食疗方法。     

如果菊花会说话——记上海大学菊花文化节

<正>如果菊花会说话,一定会招朋引伴地说:快去赴一场菊花的盛会,这就是上海大学的菊花文化展。这个菊花展可是连续举办了16年呢,在整个上海地区都是十分有名的。别看我只是一只小小的黄雏菊花,在整个菊花家族中只能算小不点,可是千万朵我这样的小菊花组成了一堵近五百米的花墙。那细密的小雏     

菊花多糖的研究进展

菊花多糖是菊花中重要的活性成分,日益受到人们的重视。文章介绍了菊花多糖的结构、提取、分离、纯化、测定方法、生物活性等的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望,为深入研究菊花多糖提供参考。     

富硒菊花提取物的抗氧化活性及其对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响

本研究比较了富硒菊花与普通菊花的抗氧化活性与α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用。富硒菊花甲醇提取物清除ABTS·+、DPPH·、OH自由基的EC50分别为0.078 5、0.068 0、0.346 9 mg/mL,普通菊花分别为0.128 9、0.121 2、0.313 3 mg/mL。富硒菊花提取物的总还原力与ABTS·+、DPPH·自由基清除能力一定强于普通菊花。富硒菊花提取物抑制α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC50分别为2.190 9、4.123 9 mg/mL,普通菊花分别为3.449 5、10.696 3 mg/mL。富硒菊花提取物的抗氧化活性以及α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率呈现出一定的剂量依赖性,量效关系拟合方程具有较高的拟合度。富硒菊花的抗氧化活性与α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用普遍优于普通菊花,这可能与其中所含的多酚、黄酮类化合物有关。本研究为富硒菊花资源的科学开发和综合利用提供了参考。     

不同药用菊花品种绿原酸含量的RP-HPLC分析

药用菊花系菊科植物菊[Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel.]的干燥头状花序,具有清心、明目、疏散风热的功效,临床用于治疗冠心病和高血压等[1].菊花为常用中药,使用量大,产地多,加工方法各异.中国菊花的药用类群通过人工长期栽培选育已形成一些相对稳定的栽培变种[2],由于受产地、气候和生态环境等因素的影响,不同菊花药材品种所含主要成分差异较大.中华人民共和国药典2000年版采用绿原酸作为菊花含量测定的指标[3],据此,本实验采用RP-HPLC法测定了来源于4省13个菊花品种的绿原酸含量,以期为药材菊花种质资源评价及利用提供参考.     

链格孢菌粗毒素对菊花‘神马’幼苗生长及生理代谢的影响

由链格孢菌引起的菊花黑斑病严重降低了菊花的品质和产量.链格孢菌在代谢过程中分泌的粗毒素是菊花黑斑病发生的主要致病因子之一.本文从菊花黑斑病发病叶片中分离筛选出致病真菌链格孢菌1株,研究其粗毒素对菊花幼苗‘神马’生长的影响以及测定盆栽幼苗叶片细胞膜相对透性、抗性物质含量、诱导酶活性及代谢物质含量变化.结果表明: 链格孢菌粗毒素对菊花‘神马’幼苗的株高、茎粗、根长均有抑制作用,毒素浓度与抑制效果呈正相关,且粗毒素原液处理14 d后,菊花幼苗株高、茎粗、根长受到显著抑制,分别比对照减少了28.9%、21.4%和23.3%;链格孢菌粗毒素处理菊花‘神马’幼苗后,根系组织细胞膜透性随着毒素浓度的增加而增加,在同一毒素浓度处理下,菊花幼苗叶片细胞膜透性随着处理时间的增加呈先增大后降低的趋势;毒素原液处理菊花幼苗后,菊花幼苗叶片中抗性物质可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)以及脯氨酸含量均显著提高.链格孢菌10倍稀释液处理对叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的提高最为显著.链格孢菌粗毒素对切花菊‘神马’幼苗的致病作用主要通过抑制菊花幼苗根、茎的正常生长,增加菊花幼苗叶片细胞膜透性,影响切花菊幼苗叶片中抗性物质代谢以及提高叶片保护酶活性而影响植株正常生理代谢.     

四种菊花超临界CO_2萃取物的GC-MS分析

对4种菊花:野菊花、神农香菊、杭黄菊和黄金菊进行超临界CO2萃取(SFE),运用GC-MS检测超临界萃取物中的化学成分,并比较4种菊花类药材萃取物化学成分的差异。结果表明:4种菊花SFE萃取物中共检测到77种成分,主要为萜烯类、醇、醛、酮和脂肪烃类成分,其中仅有14种成分为2种或以上菊花萃取物所共有,不同品种菊花之间所含成分具有明显的差异。     

滁菊

金秋时节,在安徽滁州琅琊山,几乎到处都能看到一簇簇白色的小菊花在山野中随风闪动,阵阵清香宜人。这就是药食兼优的菊花名品——滁菊。早在汉唐时期,滁菊就已遗迹闻名。每逢九九重阳节,人们用新采来的滁菊酿制菊花酒,用绿豆粉和干菊花拌在一起做成别有风味的“菊花糕”。此外,在春季,当地百姓还有食滁菊嫩苗的习俗,一直流传至今。滁菊花,味甘,性微寒,是安徽省的四大传统名药之一。现代科学证明：菊花中含有菊忒、挥发油、黄酮类和维生素BI等物质,对结核杆菌有抑制作用,能增强毛细血管的抗炎能力。中医认为：菊花具有疏风散…     

侵染菊花的黄瓜花叶病毒的初步鉴定和血清学检测

侵染菊花的黄瓜花叶病毒的初步鉴定和血清学检测张海保,朱西儒,张云开（中国科学院华南植物研究所广州５１０６５０）关键词菊花,黄瓜花叶病毒,间接ＥＬＩＳＡ菊花（Ｃｈｒａｙｓａｎｔｈｅｍｕｍｍｏｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ）病毒病是危害菊花的一类主要病害。国外文献报道...     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.     

Comparison of Physiology and Anatomy of Seedlings and Regenerants of Sugar Beet

Whole sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Ras poly) plants were grown in the greenhouse from the same seed stock used for an in vitro shoot tip culture. In vitro produced sugar beet plants exhibited a high content of chlorophylls a and b, carotene, and total and soluble sugars. On the other hand, total protein content of in vivo plants was higher than that of in vitro plants. No differences were found by SDS-PAGE analysis in the nature and contents of soluble proteins of in vitro propagated plants and greenhouse-grown plants. Surfaces of epidermal cells were larger and palisade and spongy paranchyma tissues were thicker in leaves of regenerants than in leaves of seedlings. Vascular tissues in leaf petioles in regenerants were flat and more differentiated than in seedlings. Closed and undeveloped stomata were found on the abaxial leaf surface of regenerants, whereas in seedlings the stomata were open. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

Biology and conservation of sturgeon and paddlefish

The Acipenseriformes (sturgeon and paddlefish)live in the Northern Hemisphere; half of thesespecies live in Europe, mostly in thePonto-Caspian region, one third in NorthAmerica, and the rest in East Asia and Siberia.They reproduce in freshwater and most of themmigrate to the sea, either living in brackishwater (Caspian, Azov, Black and Baltic Seas) orin full seawater on the oceanic continentalshelf. Most species feed on benthic organisms.Puberty usually occurs late in life (5–30 yearsof age) and adult males and females do notspawn on an annual basis. Adults continue togrow and some species such as the beluga (Huso huso) have reached 100 years of age andmore than 1,000 kg weight. Stocks of sturgeonsare dramatically decreasing, particularly inEurasia; the world sturgeon catch was nearly28,000 t in 1982 and less than 2,000 t by 1999.This decline resulted from overfishing andenvironmental degradation such as: accumulationof pollutants in sediments, damming of rivers,and restricting water flows, which becomeunfavorable to migration and reproduction.Several protective measures have beeninstituted; for example, fishing regulation,habitat restoration, juvenile stocking, and theCITES listing of all sturgeon productsincluding caviar. In addition, sturgeon farmingpresently yields more than 2,000 t per year(equivalent to wild sturgeon landings) andabout 15 t of caviar. Hopefully, thisartificial production will contribute to areduction of fishing pressure and lead to therehabilitation of wild stocks.     

颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治

颧骨颧弓骨折是最常见的面中部骨折之一,迄今为止,在其分类及诊治的选择上仍然存在一定争议,本文对目前颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治的现状和进展作一综述,以期对临床工作提供参考。     

The septomaxilla of fossil and recent synapsids and the problem of the septomaxilla of monotremes and armadillos

The septomaxilla is a paired intramembranous ossification in the external nares that occurs in Lepidosauria among Recent Sauropsida and is purported to be present in Monotremata and Dasypodidae (armadillos) among Recent Mammalia. A review of neontological and palaeontological evidence regarding this element in mammals supports the following conclusions: (1) monotremes have a true septomaxilla resembling that known for non-mammalian therapsids and some Mesozoic mammals; (2) the element in dasypodids is a neomorph; it neither resembles the septomaxilla of other synapsids nor does it exhibit the same relationship to the developing nasal-floor cartilage as the septomaxilla of lepidosaurs and monotremes; (3) a septomaxilla is lacking in all Recent therians, and there is no evidence that this bone is fused to the premaxilla in Recent therians, as has been suggested by previous authors.     

土壤食细菌线虫与细菌的相互作用及其对N、P矿化生物固定的影响及机理

采用悉生微缩体系,研究了４０ｄ 培养期内不添加外源基质条件下食细菌线虫（Ｐｒｏｔｏｒｈａｂｄｔｉｓ ｓｐ．）和细菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍ ｏｎａｓｓｐ．）的相互作用及其对Ｎ、Ｐ转化的影响。在种植及不种植小麦的土壤中,发现接种线虫后细菌数量显著增加,非根标土壤细菌的增加量又比根际土明显。在种植小麦体系中,根际与非根际土壤线虫均比不种作物体系有增加趋势,其中根际土壤线虫种群的提高尤为显著。只加细菌处理中土壤Ｎ、Ｐ均无净矿化,相反培养前期出现轻微的生物固定。线虫的引入显著提高了土壤矿质Ｎ、微生物量Ｎ 和微生物量Ｐ的含量,但对土壤有效Ｐ影响很小。这表明线虫活动主要是促进了Ｎ的矿化,而Ｐ表现出较强的生物固定。文中还分析了线虫捕食对细菌的增殖作用以及线虫——细菌相互作用在Ｎ、Ｐ矿化和生物固定中的机理。     

Microbiological and Biotechnological Aspects of Metabolism of Carbamates and Organophosphates

Abstract

Several carbamate and organophosphate compounds are used to control a wide variety of insect pests, weeds, and disease-transmitting vectors. These chemicals were introduced to replace the recalcitrant and hazardous chlorinated pesticides. Although newly introduced pesticides were considered to be biodegradable, some of them are highly toxic and their residues are found in certain environments. In addition, degradation of some of the carbamates generates metabolites that are also toxic. In general, hydrolysis of the carbamate and organophosphates yields less toxic metabolites compared with the metabolites produced from oxidation. Although microorganisms capable of degrading many of these pesticides have been isolated, knowledge about the biochemical pathways and respective genes involved in the degradation is sparse. Recently, a great deal of interest in the mechanisms of biodegradation of carbamate and organophosphate compounds has been shown because (1) an efficient mineralization of the pesticides used for insect control could eliminate the problems of environmental pollution, (2) a balance between degradation and efficacy of pesticides could result in safer application and effective insect control, and (3) knowledge about the mechanisms of biodegradation could help to deal with situations leading to the generation of toxic metabolites and bioremediation of polluted environments. In addition, advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology offer great potential to exploit the degradative properties of microorganisms in order to develop bioremediation strategies and novel applications such as development of economic plants tolerant to herbicides. In this review, recent advances in the biochemical and genetic aspects of microbial degradation of carbamate and organophosphates are discussed and areas in need of further investigation identified.