蜂毒溶血肽(melittin)cDNA在大肠杆菌高表达质粒中的克隆(英文)

本项研究从新羽化的蜜蜂蜂王毒腺中提取了总mRNA,用逆转录的方法,合成了cDNA,并将其克隆到了噬菌体质粒λgtll的EcoRI位点,建立了melittin的cDNA文库。用PCR扩增技术从cDNA文库中产生了长度为87bp的melittin基因,并将其插入到高表达载体pBV220的EcoRI和pstI位点构成重组质粒PBM95,并转化到大肠杆菌JM101的感受态细胞中。经过在含氨苄青霉素的LB平板上对转化子进行筛选和对来自转化子中的重组质粒PBM95的酶切分析及melittin基因的测序,证明melit－tincDNA克隆成功。     

光滑球拟酵母金属硫蛋白基因的亚克隆和表达研究

用BamHI和PstI双酶切质粒pMTIIa－91s,获得光滑球拟酵母金属硫蛋白基因（MTIIa）片段,将其亚克隆到M13载体,扩增并回收MTIIa基因片段,经Southern杂交验证插入片段正确后,分别将MTIIa基因片段插入到大肠杆菌表达载体pBV220和大肠杆菌一酵母菌穿梭载体YIp352中,转化大肠杆菌DH5a,使其对CUSO₄的抗性提高0．7mol／L左右;转化酿酒酵母受体菌YS59,使YS59对CUSO4的抗性提高1．5mol／L左右。结果证明光滑球拟酵母MTIIa基因在     

嗜碱细菌NTT36嗜碱基因的亚克隆及其在大肠杆菌和农杆菌中的表达

将大肠杆菌ＨＢ１０１嗜碱转化子中质粒ｐＧＣＡ所携带的嗜碱基因亚克隆至双元载体ｐＢＩ１２１质粒中,构建了植物表达载体ｐＬＧＣ重组质粒。用其转化大肠杆菌ＨＢ１０１获得了能在碱性和卡那霉素抗性平板上生长的转化子,再通过三亲交配法将亚克隆质粒ｐＬＧＣ转化进农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４,又获得能在碱性平板和卡那霉素及利福平双抗平板上生长的转化子,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明ＨＢ１０１转化子亚克隆质粒ｐＬＧＣ是由来自于嗜碱芽孢杆菌ＮＴＴ３６染色体ＤＮＡ和双元载体ｐＢＩ１２１组成,且农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４转化子含有来自大肠杆菌亚克隆转化子的ｐＬＧＣ质粒。     

α－淀粉酶和糖化酶在酿酒酵母中的表达和分泌

将地衣芽孢杆菌α－淀粉酶基因及黑曲霉糖化酶cDNA重组进大肠杆菌．酵母穿梭质粒,转化酿酒酵母,构建能分解淀粉的酵母工程菌。酶活力测定和酶学性质分析的结果显示：在酵母MF—αl因子及磷酸甘油酸激酶基因的启动子和终止信号的调控下,α－淀粉酶和糖化酶基因在酵母中获得高表达并向胞外分泌这两种酶。构建的酵母工程菌在含10％淀粉的培养基中6天内能水解97%的淀粉。重组质粒能在酵母中较稳定地存在。     

枯草杆菌启动子—信号肽序列的克隆及序列分析

利用含红霉素抗生基因和缺启动子－信号肽序列的氨苄青霉素抗性基因的双功能质粒ｐＧＰＢ１４为探针载体,克隆了枯草杆菌的启动子－信号肽序列并对克隆的片段进行序列分析。枯草杆菌染色体ＤＮＡ经Ｓａｕ３Ａ酶解后与ＢａｎＨＩ酶切的质粒ｐＧＰＢ１４连接,转化大肠杆菌Ｃ６００,筛选抗氨苄青霉素及抗红霉素的转化子,从双抗性转化子中提取重组质粒并经酶切分析,显示克隆的ＤＮＡ片段在０．２７－１．５ｋｂ之间。用Ｓａｎｇｅｒ     

乙型脑炎病毒sA14-14-2株NS1基因片段的克隆、测序与表达

以流行性乙型脑炎病毒减弱毒株SA14－14－2的基因组RNA为模板,采用RT－PCR技术扩增其NS1基因的cDNA,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中,得到克隆质粒pMD18-T-NS1.pMD18-T-NS1经EcoRI和SalI酶切后,回收NS1片段克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a( )EcoRI/SalI位点,构建了重组原核表达质粒pET-28a（＋）－NS1。转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导诱导获得高效表达。产物经SDS－PAGE电泳结果显示,表达产物分子量约为45kD。Western blotting分析表明产物具有抗原活性。     

重组hIL-10质粒构建及其在毕赤酵母SMD1168中的表达和纯化

构建重组hIL-10真核表达载体,探索在毕赤酵母中的表达,为进一步研究hIL-10生物学功能及临床应用奠定基础。PCR扩增目的基因hIL-10cDNA,经EcoRI/XbaI双酶切后,将其亚克隆至同样双酶切的载体pPICZaA中,构建表达质粒pPICZaA-hIL-10;电转化法,将其转入毕赤酵母SMD1168,甲醇诱导Mut+型转化子基因表达;对目的蛋白进行检测及纯化。扩增出了目的基因hIL-10cDNA,重组质粒pPICZaA-hIL-10经酶切鉴定和序列测定正确;表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析在42.0kD处可见较浓染条带,Westernblotting分析可见特异条带;ELISA检测72h上清液中目的蛋白浓度可达1.973mg/L;纯化后目的蛋白纯度达67.0%。实现了重组hIL-10在毕赤酵母SMD1168中的成功表达和初步纯化。     

嗜碱细菌NTT36嗜碱基因的亚克隆及其在大肠杆菌和农杆菌中的 …

将大肠杆菌ＨＢ１０１嗜碱转化子中质粒ｐＧＣＡ所携带的嗜碱基因亚克隆至双元载体ｐＢＩ１２１质粒中,构建了植物表达载体ｐＬＧＣ重组质粒。用其转化大肠杆菌ＨＢ１０１获得了能在碱性和卡那霉素抗性平板上生长的转化子,再通过三亲交配法将亚克隆质粒ｐＬＧＣ转化进农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４,又获得能在碱性平板和卡那霉素及利福平双抗平板上生长的转化子,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明ＨＢ１０１转化子亚克隆质粒ｐＬＧＣ是由来自     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌启动基因的克隆及其对地衣杆菌α-淀粉酶基因的调控

用大肠杆菌启动基因探针质粒pHE5克隆了解淀粉芽胞杆菌的启动基因。供体菌DNA的HindⅢ片段与pHE5重组后转化大肠杆菌,获得一批带启动基因的抗四环素转化子,其中四株的抗性达到200μg/mL,从这四株高抗性转化子中提取质粒,并对其中的一个重组质粒pAE23的插入片段进行限制性图谱分析和缺失研究,获得了一个缺失了部份片段,四环素抗性仍达到200μg/mL的衍生质粒pAED23,经酶切分析证明其上的启动基因位于0.8kb的EcoR Ⅰ—HindⅢ片段上。点杂交分析证实该片段来自解淀粉芽胞杆菌的DNA。将地衣杆菌的α-淀粉酶基因亚克隆至pAED23启动基因下游的HindⅢ位点上能增强该基因在大肠杆菌中的表达。     

高山被孢霉ATCC16266△^6—脂肪酸脱氢酶基因在酿酒酵母中的表达

△^6－脂肪酸脱氢酶基因是形成γ－亚麻酸的关键酶。从含有高山被孢霉△^6－脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的重组质粒pT-MACL6中,酶切出1.4kb的目的片段,亚克隆到大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母的穿梭表达载体pYES2.0,在大肠杆菌中筛选到含有目的基因的重组质粒pYMAD6,用醋酸昔方法转化到酿洒酵母的缺陷型菌株INCSc1中,在SC－Ura合成培养基中,选择得到酿酒酵母工程株YMAD6。在合适的培养基及培养条件下,加入外源底物亚油酸,经半乳糖诱导后,收集菌体。通过GC－MS对酵母工程株进行脂肪酸色谱分析,结果表明,产生了31.6％的γ－亚麻酸,边是迄今为止,国内外△^6－脂肪酸脱氢酶基因在酿酒酵母中表达量最高的报道。     

Cloning of the RIB1 gene coding for the enzyme of the first stage of flavinogenesis in the yeast Pichia guilliermondi, GTP cyclohydrolase, in Escherichia coli cells

The RIB1 gene encoding the enzyme of the first stage of the yeast Pichia guillermondii-GTP-cyclohydrolase- was cloned on pFL38 shuttle vector as the Sau3A fragment of chromosomal DNA of about 9 kb. EcoRI fragment of 4 kb with RIB1 gene was subcloned from the pFRI hybrid plasmid obtained into the pUC18 plasmid and then shortened to give 2.9 kb via deletion in SalGI site. The plasmid constructed was designated pR1. Activity of GTP-cyclohydrolase was 80-100-fold higher in extracts of transformants than in the prototroph strain, which evidence of effective expression of the yeast gene within recombinant plasmids in the cells of this species of bacteria. The enzyme isolated from transformants has molecular mass 179 kDa, is inhibited by PAD and adenyl-nucleotides, which is characteristic of GTP-cyclohydrolase of P. guilliermondii but not of Escherichia coli.     

Insertion of transposon Tn9 into the spinal (Escherichia coli-Saccharomyces cerevisiae) plasmids and the expression of the prokaryotic gene of chloramphenicol resistance in yeast cells

Transposon Tn9 carrying camr gene which controls resistance to chloramphenicol has been introduced in vivo (in cells of Escherichia coli) into two chimeric shuttle plasmids pYF91 and YEp13. These plasmids consist of the different parts of the E. coli plasmid pBR322, the yeast 2mkm DNA plasmid and the yeast LEU2 structural gene. The plasmidis able to autonomously replicate in both yeast and bacterial cells. A recipient yeast strain carrying cams and leu2 markers was constructed to study the functional expression of the prokaryotic camr gene in eukaryotic yeast cells. The chimeric plasmids pYF91::Tn9 and YEp13::Tn9 were introduced into the yeast and bacterial recipient strains by transformation. The camr LEU2 yeast transformants were isolated. They were genetically unstable when grown on non-selective medium and they simultaneously lost camr and LEU2 markers with a frequency of 10 to 30%. The E. coli transformants were genetically stable under nonselective conditions and they maintain all plasmid markers. The chimeric plasmid pYF91::Tn9 was isolated from the yeast transformants and reintroduced into the cams leuB bacterial strain by transformation. The camr LEUB transformants were obtained. All these data confirm the possibility of the expression of the prokaryotic camr gene in yeast cells and present evidence for introduction of transposon Tn9 into chimeric plasmids.     

Genetic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed by plasmid containing a supressor transfer ribonucleic acid gene.

The behavior in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of plasmid pYTE1, which contains yeast tyrosine-inserting ochre suppressor SUP4.o, a 4-kilobase EcoRI fragment of yeast 2muDNA, and the bacterial plasmid pBR322, has been studied. Selection of yeast transformants was by suppression of multiple ochre mutations. About 10(3) to 10(4) transformants per microgram of pYTE1 dfeoxyribonucleic acid were obtained. The majority of transformants contained both an integrated copy of the SUP4.o gene plus pBR322 deoxyribonucleic acid sequences and autonomously replicating forms of the plasmid. The integrated copy was extremely stable mitotically and meiotically, but the associated nonintegrated copies were lost at meiosis. The chromosomally integrated pBR322 sequences were linked to the SUP4.o gene. The integration site was at the SUP4+ locus. In transformants with only nonintegrated copies of pYTE1, the expression of suppression was reduced, and the plasmid was unstable in mitosis. Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid preparations from both types of transformant could be used to retransform yeast cells. Plasmid pYTE1 has restriction enzyme sites useful for the high frequency and stable transformation of other genes into yeasts. The potential uses of this plasmid for transformation of other organisms is discussed.     

Construction of hybrid plasmids containing the yeast replicator

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 6-1G-P188 about 10 per cent of rRNA genes exist as extrachromosomal copies of rDNA repeating units. These extrachromosomal copies can be isolated as covalently closed molecules with lengths around 3mu. We have constructed a set of hybrid plasmids containing the bacterial vector pBR325, the LEU2 gene of yeast encoding beta-isopropylmalatedehydrogenase and various EcoRI restriction fragments of the 3mu DNA. We have tested the ability of our hybrid plasmids to transform LEU2 strain DC5 to leucine prototrophy. One of the plasmids Rcp21/11 transforms DC5 at the frequency comparable with that obtained with YEp13, containing the 2mu DNA replication origin. The 2400 bp EcoRI-B fragment of the 3mu DNA in Rcp21/11 carries a gene for 5S rRNA and two spacers. Our results on transformation experiments allow un to suggest that this EcoRI fragment also carries the 3mu DNA replication origin. Yeast transformants containing this plasmid are highly unstable but during the prolonged growth in selective conditions the stabilization of the LEU+ phenotype is observed being most likely a result of integration of Rcp21/11 into the yeast chromosome.     

High frequency of yeast transformation by plasmids carrying part or entire 2-micron yeast plasmid.

By using two chimeric plasmids containing yeast ura3 gene and 2-micron yeast DNA linked to the bacterial plasmid pCR1, yeast transformation of a high frequency has been achieved. The first plasmid is such that the 2-micron DNA part, in which the ura3 gene is incorporated, can be removed in one step and thus the 2-micron-ura3 sequence can be considered as a "transposable" block. In contrast, the second one bears the entire 2-micron plasmid and the ura3 gene is inserted in the bacterial plasmid part. As shown through hybridization experiments and genetic studies, the ura3 gene was maintained as a cytoplasmic element. Plasmids recovered from the yeast transformants were used to transform Escherichia coli. Their analysis by EcoRI showed that in many cases the vector had recombined with the endogenous 2-micron DNA of the recipient strain. The specific activity of orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (coded by ura3) in yeast transformants was 10- to 30-fold higher than in the wild type.     

Isolation and characterization of sporulation-specific promoters in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A library of random yeast genomic DNA:lacZ fusions has been constructed using an episomal yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vector (pCS1). Plasmid pCS1 requires insertion of a promoter and an in frame ATG codon upstream of its resident truncated lacZ gene to regulate expression in yeast. Yeast genomic DNA fragments of 4-6 kb were generated by partial digestion with Sau3A and ligated into the unique BamHI site of plasmid pCS1 to generate a library of 5 x 10(4) individual E. coli transformants. This library was screened to identify promoter-lacZ fusions that were expressed uniquely during sporulation. Of 342 yeast transformants that exhibited beta-galactosidase activity, two were found to express the lacZ gene in a sporulation-specific manner. This paper presents the characterization of two genomic yeast DNA fragments containing promoters that control lacZ expression during the sporulation process. Expression from the promoter present in plasmid pJC18 occurred from 11-21 hours into the sporulation process, while the promoter in plasmid pJC217 was active from 4-14 hours. Staining of nuclear DNA to correlate nuclear morphology with timing of gene expression showed when each of these promoters was active in terms of the morphological stages of sporulation.     

絮凝基因的克隆和在工业啤酒酵母菌株中表达

The partial genomic library of Saccharomyce cerevisiae FL189 possessing strong flocculation ability was constructed using Yeast-E.coli shuttle plasmid YCp50 as vector.Recombinant plasmid containing flocculation gene was obtained by screening the growth of transformants on the selective medium and measurement flocculation,designated as pCF1.pCF1 was introduced into industrial yeast strain PJ208-5-15.Six transformants PJ208-5-15-1(pCF1)～PJ208-5-15-6(pCF1)possessing strong flocculation ability were obtained.Th…     

Oenococcusoeni苹果酸-乳酸酶基因克隆及其在酿酒酵母中的表达

苹果酸-乳酸酶是苹果酸-乳酸发酵过程中负责苹果酸转化为乳酸的功能酶。在进行酒酒球菌SD2a的苹果酸-乳酸酶基因(mleA)克隆测序基础上,以PGK1强启动子和ADH1终止子为调控元件,以大肠杆菌-酵母菌穿梭质粒YEp352为载体,构建了重组表达质粒并转化酿酒酵母YS58。酵母转化子用SD/Ura平板筛选鉴定。斑点杂交检测表明目的基因mleA转化到受体菌中,SDSPAGE检测表明获得的转化子表达了约60kDa的目标蛋白。获得的转化子在添加了L苹果酸的培养基中培养4d;取培养液上清用HPLC检测L苹果酸及L乳酸含量,采用t检验进行差异显著性分析,结果表明mleA基因进行了功能性的表达,将L苹果酸转化成L乳酸,L苹果酸和L乳酸含量分别与对照差异极显著和显著,苹果酸的相对降低率平均为20.95%。在有选择压力条件下,重组质粒相对稳定,而在无选择压力条件下,传代培养10d后大约有65%的重组质粒丢失。     

Molecular cloning and sequencing of pheU, a gene for Escherichia coli tRNAPhe.

A recombinant plasmid (designated pID2) carrying the E. coli gene for tRNAPhe has been isolated from a plasmid bank constructed by the ligation of a total EcoRI digest of E. coli K12 DNA into the EcoRI site of pACYC184 DNA. The plasmid was selected by virtue of its ability to complement a temperature-sensitive lesion in the gene (PheS) for the alpha-subunit of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. Crude tRNA isolated from such transformants exhibited elevated levels of phenylalanine acceptor activity. The tRNAPhe gene has been localized within the first 300 base pairs of a 3.6 kb SalI fragment of pID2. The sequence of the gene and its flanking regions is presented.