香樟果皮花色苷提取工艺优化及抗氧化研究

为了优化香樟果皮花色苷的最佳提取工艺条件,用乙醇作为提取溶剂,选取提取时间、提取温度、提取剂浓度、料液比、pH五因素,采用Box-Behnken建立三因素三水平模型,用响应面法优化各因素及其相互作用的最佳组合,用Design-Expert 8.0设计回归正交实验;同时用水杨酸比色法和DPPH法,测定了香樟果皮花色苷的抗氧化能力,并比较了不同放置时间对香樟果花色苷稳定性的影响。结果表明:香樟果花色苷最佳提取工艺的回归方程为Y=58.64+2.27A+12.78B+10.18C-14.01A2-11.00B2-7.56C2,R2=0.9796,模型拟合程度良好,在该试验范围内,模型能够准确反映花色苷的提取结果;最佳工艺参数分别为pH1.0、料液比1∶15、乙醇浓度78.59%、提取温度77.14℃、提取时间42.48min,在此条件下香樟果花色苷的得率为67.99mg·100g-1;在一定浓度范围内,香樟果皮花色苷清除羟自由基率和总抗氧化能力均与浓度成正线性相关,回归方程分别为y=0.3388x+13.485(R2=0.9856),y=0.0275x+0.0221,(R2=0.9966)。利用响应面法确定的最佳工艺条件合理,可用于香樟果皮花色苷的提取,同时香樟果花色苷具有良好的抗氧化活性,为天然色素的开发利用提供一定指导意义。     

黑小豆种皮花色苷的提取及体外抗氧化活性研究

为了探索新的花色苷资源,以黑小豆种皮为原料,对其花色苷类色素的提取工艺进行了研究。通过单因素和L_9(3~4)正交试验,考察了乙醇浓度、料液比、温度和p H对粗提液中花色苷含量的影响。结果表明,最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度60%、料液比1∶20(g∶m L)、温度50℃、p H=2.0。此条件下,黑小豆种皮粗提液中花色苷的含量最大(5.912 mg/g);黑小豆种皮花色苷粗提物得率为19.1%,纯度为3.06%;粗提物具有一定的总抗氧化能力和清除O~(-·)_2、·OH和DPPH自由基的能力。黑小豆种皮可作为一种新型花色苷资源加以利用。     

正交试验优化乙醇回流提取积雪草苷的工艺研究

为了优化积雪草中积雪草苷的提取工艺,本研究采用乙醇回流法,以积雪液草苷含量为研究指标,在单因素试验的基础上采用正交试验设计,考察乙醇浓度、液料比、粉碎粒度以及提取时间等因素对提取结果的影响。结果表明,积雪草苷的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度70%、液料比10∶1、粉碎粒度140目、提取时间6h,该工艺条件下积雪草苷的提取含量达到8.32mg·g-1。     

黑莓果渣中花色苷的提取工艺研究

通过提取方法优选,表明超声法对黑莓果渣中花色苷的提取效果最佳。以60%乙醇为超声法提取溶剂,通过单因素实验分别考察了料液比、超声时间、温度、功率、提取次数对提取黑莓果渣中花色苷的影响。综合单因素实验结果,通过响应面法筛选出最佳的工艺条件为:液料比14∶1(mL∶g),时间40 min,温度58℃,功率300 W,提取2次。通过提取物中花色苷含量与其清除DPPH.活性的相关性分析发现,黑莓果渣提取物清除DPPH.活性与其花色苷含量之间存在相关性,由此推断花色苷为黑莓果渣中主要的自由基清除物质。     

魔芋飞粉总生物碱的提取工艺研究

目的:研究魔芋飞粉总生物碱提取的最佳条件。方法:以盐酸小檗碱为对照,采用酸性染料比色法测定总生物碱含量;通过单因素试验,考察乙醇浓度、料液比、pH、温度、时间、提取次数等对总生物碱提取效果的影响;通过正交实验确定最佳工艺条件。结果:影响魔芋飞粉总生物碱提取效果的因素的主次顺序是:pH>乙醇浓度>料液比>提取温度,其中pH对魔芋飞粉总生物碱提取效果影响显著(P<0.05)。魔芋飞粉总生物碱最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比为1:15,温度为50℃,乙醇浓度为70%,pH值为1。在此工艺条件下,总生物碱提取量可达到89.79mg/100g。结论:本文建立的优化方法简单可行,可为魔芋飞粉的总生物碱提取工业提供理论依据。     

超声辅助提取野生与人工栽培黑果枸杞花色苷含量研究

黑果枸杞含有的花色苷类成分对人类健康有着重要意义。为探究野生与人工种植黑果枸杞花色苷含量差异,本实验利用超声辅助回流提取,通过单因素实验和Box-Benhnken实验设计优化提取条件,得到最佳提取条件为:提取时间25.62 min、提取温度48.67℃、乙醇浓度84.35%、料液比1∶20 g·m L-1。在此条件下测得野生、人工种植黑果枸杞花色苷平均含量分别为6.141 mg/g、16.014 mg/g。本实验结果为黑果枸杞种植及利用提供了重要依据。     

高效溶剂萃取法提取黑果枸杞花色苷及其颜色稳定性研究

为了提高黑果枸杞花色苷的提取效率以及颜色稳定性,采用高效溶剂萃取法进行提取,考察静态萃取温度、乙醇浓度、静态萃取时间、静态萃取压力和循环次数对提取效果的影响,通过响应面法优化提取工艺,并对提取的花色苷溶液进行颜色稳定性研究。结果表明:最佳提取条件为温度48℃,乙醇浓度60%,提取时间4 min,静态萃取压力8 MPa,循环2次,在此条件下,花色苷的提取得率为1.989%;保存温度为4℃、pH值为2.5时,黑果枸杞花色苷溶液较为稳定。     

黑豆种皮花色苷酶法辅助提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性分析

优化黑豆种皮花色苷复合酶法辅助提取工艺,并对其抗氧化活性进行评价。通过单因素试验和响应面法优化确定了黑豆种皮花色苷生物酶法辅助提取的最佳工艺为:复合酶(纤维素酶400 U/g,α-淀粉酶50 U/g),酶解温度50℃,液料比26∶1 mL/g,乙醇体积分数64%,酶解时间为59 min。在此条件下,提取花色苷的含量为2.019 mg/g。抗氧化试验研究表明,黑豆种皮花色苷的还原能力、对超氧阴离子自由基清除能力低于抗坏血酸,但对亚硝酸根离子和DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除能力强于抗坏血酸。因此,生物酶法辅助提取是一种高效的黑豆种皮花色苷提取方法,且作为一种新型花色苷资源,黑豆种皮花色苷有着挖掘和应用价值。     

基于响应面法从连翘叶中提取连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的工艺优化

采用响应面分析法优化连翘叶中连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的最佳提取工艺条件,在单因素实验基础上,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计原理研究液料比、乙醇浓度、浸提时间、浸提温度4个因素对连翘酯苷A得率和连翘苷得率的影响.利用Design Expert 8.0.5 b分析确定最佳提取工艺,根据实际条件,得到连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度53％、提取温度74℃、浸提时间为53 min、液料比30 mL/g.回归模型预测最优条件下连翘酯苷A得率为7.53％,连翘苷得率为3.03％,验证值分别为7.56％,3.09％,与预测值的相对误差分别为0.4％,2.0％.     

正交实验优选月腺大戟根总黄酮的提取工艺

目的：研究月腺大戟根中总黄酮类化合物的提取工艺,为研发新型植物源农药提供理论基础。方法：采用索氏提取法对月腺大戟根总黄酮进行提取,以乙醇体积分数、提取时间、提取温度、料液比为实验因素,以提取的总黄酮含量为指标,对提取工艺进行考察,确定最佳提取条件。结果和结论：根总黄酮提取的优化条件为：提取时间2h,提取温度70℃,料液比1：40,乙醇浓度50％;影响提取的主次顺序为：料液比〉提取时间〉乙醇浓度〉提取温度;其中料液比和提取时间是影响根总黄酮提取效果的显著因素。     

3种花色苷对DF-1细胞的影响

目的:探讨来自心里美萝卜、紫甘薯和紫玉米的3种不同的花色苷对DF-1细胞单层生长的影响。方法:直观观察3种花色苷对DF-1细胞生长的影响,初步摸索其最适终浓度;用MTT法检测花色苷在提高细胞活性方面的作用。结果:不同浓度的3种花色苷均对细胞单层生长有不同的影响,心里美萝卜花色苷、紫甘薯花色苷和紫玉米花色苷对细胞生长的最适终浓度分别为100、75和50μg/mL;用MTT法获得相应数据并制成细胞活性图表。结论:不同品种来源及不同浓度的花色苷对DF-1细胞单层生长均有明显影响,为今后开展花色苷促细胞生长,提高细胞抗病毒活性研究提供了数据基础。     

Nymphal Development and Survival of Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Two Eggplant Varieties as Affected by Temperature and Presence/Absence of Prey

Nymphal development of the predator Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) was investigated on two eggplant varieties, Bonica and Black Beauty, in an attempt to identify the possible role that plant variety plays in the development and survival of the predator and to determine whether these biological characteristics are influenced by temperature and prey. The development of nymphs was studied in the presence and absence of the prey, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C, 65 ± 5% RH, and 16:8 h (L:D) photoperiod. Significant differences in the periods of nymphal development were evident in the two varieties at 15°C when M. persicae was offered as prey, and at 15 and 30°C, when there was no prey, significantly shorter periods of development were recorded on Bonica than on Black Beauty. Mortality rates of the nymphs were similar in the presence of prey on both varieties but, in the absence of prey, higher mortality rates were recorded on Black Beauty than on Bonica. In both presence and absence of prey, at 35°C, a small number of nymphs reached adulthood on Bonica, whereas no nymphs did so on Black Beauty. Therefore, the less suitable variety, Black Beauty, had a significant effect on the development and survival of nymphs of this predator, mainly in the absence of prey and at lower and higher temperatures. It is concluded that the selection of a suitable variety for the development and survival of M. pygmaeus, particularly in the absence of prey, could improve the efficiency of a biological control program in which this predator is going to be used. This is of particular importance for its establishment and effectiveness at the beginning of the growing season when temperature is relatively low and the prey is absent or scarce, as well as in summer when temperatures are high enough (around 30°C or even higher).     

大孔树脂分离纯化“黑金刚”紫马铃薯花青苷工艺研究

以紫色马铃薯"黑金刚"花青苷为原料,采用D101、HDP100A、HDP450A、NK-9、AB-8五种大孔吸附树脂对花青苷的吸附与解析特性进行了比较研究,并在此基础上,采用最佳大孔树脂对花青苷纯化过程中的静态、动态吸附和解析附条件进行了优化研究。结果表明AB-8大孔树脂具有较好的吸附和解析能力,是纯化紫色马铃薯花青苷的最佳树脂,较优纯化条件为:上样液花青苷浓度为0.028mg.g-1,上样液pH=2,洗脱液乙醇浓度为50%,洗脱液pH=1,吸附流速为1mL.min-1,洗脱流速为1mL.min-1。经大孔树脂纯化后,色价值比纯化前提高了7.55倍。     

Linkage of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis> locus for the presence of anthocyanin and <Emphasis Type="Italic">fs10.1</Emphasis>, a major fruit-shape QTL in pepper

The purple color of the foliage, flower and immature fruit of pepper ( Capsicum spp.) is a result of the accumulation of anthocyanin pigments in these tissues. The expression of anthocyanins is controlled by the incompletely dominant gene A. We have mapped A to pepper chromosome 10 in a Capsicum annuum (5226) x Capsicum chinense (PI 159234) F(2) population to a genomic region that also controls anthocyanin expression in two other Solanaceous species, tomato and potato, suggesting that variation for tissue-specific expression of anthocyanin pigments in these plants is controlled by an orthologous gene(s). We mapped an additional locus, Fc, for the purple anther filament in an F(2) population from a cross of IL 579, a C. chinense introgression line and its recurrent parent 100/63, to the same position as A, suggesting that the two loci are allelic. The two anthocyanin loci were linked to a major quantitative trait locus, fs10.1, for fruit-shape index (ratio of fruit length to fruit width), that also segregated in the F(2) populations. This finding verified the observation of Peterson in 1959 of linkage between fruit color and fruit-shape genes in a cross between round and elongated-fruited parents. The linkage relationship in pepper resembles similar linkage in potato, in which anthocyanin and tuber-shape genes were found linked to each other in a cross of round and elongated-tuber parents. It is therefore possible that the shape pattern of distinct organs such as fruit and tuber in pepper and potato is controlled by a similar gene(s).     

Detection and Characterization of a Vacuolar Protein (VP24) in Anthocyanin-Producing Cells of Sweet Potato in Suspension Culture

Vacuoles containing large amounts of protein and anthocyaninwere isolated and purified from anthocyanin-producing culturedcells of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). A 24 kDa protein (VP24),identified as a major protein in the isolated vacuoles, wasdetected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. NeitherVP24 nor anthocyanin was detectable in dark-cultured cells,but VP24 appeared three days after the start of irradiationwith light and the level of VP24 increased for up to a week.High concentrations of 2,4-D markedly inhibited the accumulationof both VP24 and anthocyanin. These results indicated that theexpression of VP24, which was induced by exposure to light,was closely accompanied by the accumulation of anthocyanin inthe vacuoles. VP24 was recovered as an insoluble reddish precipitateafter ultracentrifugation of a lysate of anthocyanin-containingvacuoles. Immunoblot analysis indicated that this vacuolar proteinwas distinct from sporamin, a major storage protein of sweetpotato tuberous root. These results suggest that VP24 is notan integral protein of the vacuolar membrane but tends to formaggregates via interactions with anthocyanin during extraction.VP24 may be involved in the formation of intravacuolar pigmentedstructures that develop in vivo in the anthocyanin-containingvacuoles of sweet potato cells in culture. ³Present address: Department of Applied Biology, Faculty ofTextile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1,Ueda, 386 Japan     

赤楠果实红色素的性质及提取工艺

本实验探讨赤楠果实红色素的理化性质及提取条件。结果表明,该色素属花色苷类;其最佳提取工艺是:1%HCl-乙醇(1ml HCl:99ml 95%乙醇)溶液作为提取剂,料液比1/10,温度35℃,提取时间3h,提取次数3次。     

High anthocyanin accumulation in the dark by strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) callus

Fragaria ananassa (strawberry) callus, which produced high amounts of anthocyanin in the dark, was isolated from a cell line not producing anthocyanin. The isolated callus (FAR) was homogeneous and more than 90% of the cells were pigmented. The FAR callus accumulated more than 1000 g of anthocyanin per g fresh cell in the dark. Four different basal solid media were examined to maintain FAR callus: Though growth rate and anthocyanin concentration were different on each media, total anthocyanin production was about the same at 400 g anthocyanin/0.1 g fresh cell wt after 22 days. This FAR cell line could therefore be used for the industrial production of anthocyanin.     

甘肃棘豆草中苦马豆素的提取分离工艺比较研究

以甘肃棘豆草为试验材料,通过工业酒精热回流提取、水提取和酸水提取3种工艺提取其中的总生物碱,总生物碱经硅胶柱层析分离后减压升华得到,并比较了3种工艺对甘肃棘豆中总生物碱得率和苦马豆素得率的差异。结果表明,3种工艺总生物碱平均得率和苦马豆素平均得率依次分别为7.91、6.79、6.22 mg/g和18.61、12.22、6.23μg/g,由此确定工业酒精热回流为提取苦马豆素的最佳提取分离工艺。