糖尿病合并痛风结节感染创面修复1例

痛风是糖尿病常见并发症,而糖尿病合并痛风结节感染的病例特殊,目前对该病的手术治疗意见不一。我科收治1例,经手术后综合治疗,效果满意,现报告如下。     

肝脏局灶性结节的超声造影诊断

目的:分析探讨超声造影在肝脏局灶性结节中的应用价值,为以后的临床诊断提供可靠性参考。方法:回顾性分析2011.10-2013.9期间来我院门诊以及住院的40例经病理证实为肝脏局灶性结节患者的超声造影表现,通过二维灰阶超声检查,40名患者共发现50个结节。患者先后进行肝脏超声造影检查及超声引导下经皮肝穿刺活检术。总结病例之间的相关关系以及造影表现的特殊性与一般性。结果:超声造影对肝脏良恶性病灶的诊断能力很好,对结节的敏感性85.8%,特异性99%、阳性预测值95%,阴性预测值96%,准确率95%。结论:肝脏局灶性结节的超声造影诊断有助于临床上判定局灶性结节良恶性,可以为临床提供更好的诊断依据,但是,由于许多假阳性的原因,故对于某些缺乏特异性的超声造影表现,需要其他方法或是穿刺活检进行辅助检查。     

超声造影检查对早期甲状腺单发结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值

目的:建立以甲状腺单发结节超声诊断为变量的回归模型,分析比较超声造影与常规超声检查对甲状腺单发结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值。方法:选择来我院就诊的甲状腺单发结节患者274例,让所有患者均接受常规超声检查和超声造影检查,并手术后进行病理诊断,建立相应回归模型,评价超声造影对甲状腺单发性良恶性结节的鉴别诊断价值,为临床检查及治疗提供参考。结果:超声造影检查的良恶性检出率均优于常规超声检查。超声造影检查良性结节检出率为65.69%,恶性检出率为34.31%,敏感度96.70%,特异度95.65%,准确率96.35%,均优于常规超声检查。Logistic回归分析显示,钙化、达峰时间、增强程度及最大灌注强度以上四项特征出现的越多,待测的甲状腺结节越有可能是恶性结节。结论:超声造影对良、恶性甲状腺单发结节的鉴别具有重要的临床诊断意义。     

关节滑膜软骨瘤病49例报告

目的:探讨滑膜软骨瘤病的临床表现、影像学和病理学特点。方法:对49例关节滑膜软骨瘤病患者的影像学表现进行分析研究,找出其表现特点。结果:滑膜软骨瘤病临床表现特点为关节肿胀、间歇性关节疼痛,影像学表现主要为关节腔内单个或多个圆形或椭圆形结节影,病理表现为滑膜化生成多个圆形或椭圆形的透明软骨小体,晚期小体矿化成游离结节。结论:临床、影像学检查和病理三结合能确诊本病。     

63例良性孤立肺结节的临床分析

目的:探讨直径≤30mm的外周型良性孤立肺结节的临床诊断和治疗.方法:分析总结63例外周型良性孤立肺结节的临床资料及手术方式.结果:63例良性孤立肺结节病理分布依次为:结核球,炎性假瘤,错构瘤,硬化性血管瘤,肺隐球菌病,纤维瘤,肉芽肿性炎,曲菌病,肺动静脉畸形,平滑肌瘤.63例患者均行手术治疗,其中肺叶切除10例,肺楔形切除53例,均痊愈出院.结论:在孤立肺结节中,良性疾病只占少数,在不能明确诊断的情况下,可在短期抗炎排除肺炎的可能性后积极手术探查.     

胃间质瘤11例临床诊治分析

目的:探讨胃间质瘤(GST)的诊断和治疗措施.方法:回顾性分析我院2000年4月至2006年3月近6年收治的1I例胃间质瘤患者的临床表现、辅助检查、手术治疗方式及病理结果.结果:临床以消化道出血、腹部肿块表现为主,症状无特异性,所有病例术前均行胃镜及CT检查,均行手术治疗,其中6例行肿瘤楔形切除,5例行胃大部切除术,病理诊断良性5例(45.5%)交界性1例(9%),恶性5例(45.5%).随访时间3个月至5年,死亡1例,死于腹腔广泛转移.结论:胃间质瘤缺乏特异的临床表现,术前诊断困难,胃镜和CT可发现病变,诊断以病理诊断为准,其中免疫组化结果为重要诊断依据,治疗以手术切除为主.     

慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎合并甲状腺结节的临床分析

目的:研究分析中国东北地区慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎(CLT)合并甲状腺结节的诊断和治疗方式.方法:回顾性分析2009年9月--2010年12月收治经病理证实的CLT合并甲状腺结节的共151病例,依据不同的病理类型分组,就临床特点、诊断和治疗进行比较.结果:CLT合并甲状腺乳头状癌组共58例,女性51例,男性7例,平均年龄37.5±4岁,平均病程18个月,28例为腺体内单发结节,病灶平均直径为0.9± 0.56 cm,36例病灶直径小于1.0 cm,42例见结节内伴钙化.CLT合并良性结节组98例,女性患者93例,男性患者5例,平均年龄48.1±9岁,平均病程72个月,34例为腺体内单发结节,病灶平均直径1.8± 0.42 cm,35例病灶直径小于1.0 cm,10例见结节内伴钙化.两组在发病年龄、病程、结节个数及钙化方面的差异均有统计学意义.结论:CLT合并甲状腺癌微小癌多见,淋巴结转移率低,彩超提示单发结节或者结节合并钙化的病例,应行手术治疗.     

传统切口和小切口切除甲状腺结节的对比分析

目的: 对传统切口和小切口切除甲状腺结节的对比分析。方法: 选取2007年11月—2012年11月在我院就诊治疗的甲状腺结节患者400例,随机分为两组,甲组患者200例,采用传统手术切口进行手术治疗;乙组患者200例,采用改良后小切口手术治疗,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果: 乙组患者的术后一年复发率、手术操作时间对比甲组患者,无明显差异,无统计学意义(P>0.05).乙组患者的住院治疗时间、术中出血量、患者满意度均显著优越于甲组患者,差异性显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组患者均未发生因治疗导致严重不良后果发生。结论: 对结节性甲状腺结节实施手术治疗,临床效果好、促进临床症状缓解,安全性较高,适宜依据患者情况进行临床治疗。     

肾脏巨大血管平滑肌脂肪瘤合并结节性硬化1 例报告并文献复习

目的:总结肾脏巨大血管平滑肌脂肪瘤合并结节性硬化的临床及组织病理特点,探讨其诊疗方法及预后情况.方法:回顾性分析1例罕见的肾脏巨大血管平滑肌脂肪瘤合并结节性硬化的临床特征、组织病理学特点以及诊断、治疗方法,同时复习近年来的国内外相关文献.结果:患者于我院行剖腹探查,右肾巨大肿瘤切除术,术后病理示血管平滑肌脂肪瘤.手术后患者恢复良好,症状明显改善,肝肾功能正常.术后3个月复查CT:左肾区与术前比无变化,右肾区未见肿瘤复发.结论:对于巨大肾脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤合并结节性硬化的患者,手术治疗仍可作为可选择的治疗方法,但其远期预后仍待观察.     

甲状腺结节良恶性的彩色多普勒超声特征及其诊断价值分析

目的:研究甲状腺结节良恶性的彩色多普勒超声特征及其诊断价值。方法:选取从2016年3月~2019年2月于我院接受手术治疗的甲状腺疾病患者300例作为研究对象,均予以彩超检查,比较甲状腺良恶性结节的超声特征(主要包括直径、钙化情况、边界、回声、血流状况)。以病理活检结果为金标准,分析彩超诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的敏感性、特异性以及准确度。对比甲状腺良恶性结节的血流分型情况以及各项血流动力学参数。结果:恶性结节超声特征直径≥2 cm、有钙化、边界模糊、无回声/低回声、血流丰富人数占比均高于良性结节(均P<0.05)。以手术病理组织活检结果作为金标准,彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺结节的敏感性、特异性以及准确度分别为97.73%、86.11%、96.33%。甲状腺良性结节血流分型为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型人数占比高于恶性结节,而Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型人数占比低于恶性结节(均P<0.05)。甲状腺良性结节的收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)均低于恶性结节,而舒张末期血流速度(EDV)高于恶性结节(均P<0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别价值较高,且具有较高的敏感性、特异性以及准确度,可为甲状腺良恶性结节的早期诊断、临床治疗提供重要的参考依据。     

Diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology in gouty tophi: a report of 7 cases

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of gout can be problematic when the presentation is atypical and serum uric acid is borderline elevated. Demonstration of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears from nodular masses clinically suspected to be tophi establishes the diagnosis unequivocally. CASES: Of the 7 cases in this study, 4 were suspected clinically to have gouty tophi. Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, giant cell tumor of bone and metastatic tumor with multicentric involvement of bone were the clinical diagnoses in 1 case each. Serum uric acid levels high enough to be in the diagnostic range for gout were reported in 3 cases, within normal limits in 3 cases and low in 1 chronic alcoholic patient. Bright field microscopy of FNA smears revealed singly scattered or stacks of MSU crystals with variable number of inflammatory cells, with or without foreign body giant cells in 6 cases. In 1 patient, FNA showed stacks of MSU crystals only. Characteristic birefringence of MSU crystals was observed on polarizing microscopy. CONCLUSION: FNA demonstration of MSU crystals on polarizing microscopy can easily establish the nature of the nodules in and around the joints and in soft tissue as gouty tophi and is thus an investigation differentiating this lesion from other masses clinically simulating it.     

Normal bone turnover markers in a patient with active Paget's disease of bone: response to treatment with zoledronic acid

The treatment of Paget's disease of bone (PDB) aims at the suppression of abnormal bone turnover; bisphosphonates are currently the treatment of choice. Indications for antiresorptive treatment in symptomatic patients with PDB include bone or joint pain, neurological complications, surgery planned at an active pagetic site and hypercalcaemia from immobilisation. The goals of antiresorptive treatment are clinical improvement and biochemical remission, as assessed by the normalisation of bone turnover markers. Clinical deterioration, especially bone pain, should be considered before deciding to treat patients with late sclerotic (burned-out) PDB. Bone scintigraphy may be of importance in these patients, because it depicts increased osteoblastic activity, when bone markers may not. We present a case of late sclerotic PDB with clinical deterioration but normal bone turnover markers, who experienced significant clinical improvement after treatment with zoledronic acid.     

超声随访在肝硬化结节恶变筛查及诊断中的价值研究

目的:研究超声随访在肝硬化结节恶变筛查及诊断中的价值。方法:选取我院收治的乙肝后肝硬化患者83例,均采取超声检查,观察超声随访在肝硬化结节恶变筛查及诊断中的应用价值。结果:本组83例随访发现,出现肝硬化伴增生性结节患者演变小肝癌21例。增生性结节患者的增生性结节直径与小肝癌患者肿块直径比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。增生性结节患者的回声情况与小肝癌患者比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。超声随访发现,结节由112个增加至126个,结节数量增加。肝硬化结节14例,在超声引导下行肝穿刺活检,成功13例,失败1例,病理诊断肝硬化结节患者9例,肝癌患者3例,与超声的检查结果相同。结论:超声随访在肝硬化结节恶变的筛查诊断中具有较高的临床价值,可在早期提供较为准确的检查结果,帮助医师做出诊断,及早治疗以改善预后。     

老年膝关节骨性关节炎保守治疗与置换术的疗效对比分析

目的：比较老年膝关节骨性关节炎予以保守治疗以及外科膝关节置换手术的治疗效果,以探讨其合理的干预方法。方法：选 取我院2009 年1 月-2013 年12 月间收治的50 例临床资料完整的老年膝关节骨性关节炎疾病患者,将其根据治疗方式的不同分 为保守治疗组17 例以及外科手术治疗组33 例,手术方法为膝关节置换术。比较术后的KSS 评分情况,HSS评分、膝关节优良率。 结果：治疗后手术治疗组患者的KSS 评分较治疗前明显改善,P<0.05。治疗后外科手术组患者的HSS 各项评分均明显优于保守治 疗组,治疗后手术组患者的膝关节功能优良率达到了100 %（33/33）,明显优于保守治疗组35.29 %（6/17）的优良率,组间比较有统 计学差异,P<0.05。结论：对于老年膝关节骨性关节炎进行保守治疗可能不会对疾病的进展起到干预作用,而明确诊断的患者行全 膝关节置换术可以有效改善膝关节功能,提高生活质量。     

Value of repeated fine needle aspiration cytology in patients with nodular goiter

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of reaspiration cytology in benign nodular thyroid disease. DESIGN: We prospectively studied 400 patients (365 women, 35 men) aged 46 years (18-89) with nodular thyroid disease and initial benign fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Reaspiration of the same nodule was performed in a median follow-up time of 14 months (6-18). RESULTS: Repeat FNAC was benign in 346 patients (86.5%), insufficient for diagnosis in 42 (10.5%), suspicious in 16 (2.5%) and malignant in 2 (0.5%). All diagnostic changes to suspicious malignant cytology took place in patients with solitary nodules. Surgery confirmed thyroid cancer in the 2 patients with malignant cytology, in 5 of 10 patients with suspicious cytology and in none of 39 patients with benign cytology who underwent surgery for other reasons. Clinical changes (size increase or local symptoms) were not related to changes in cytologic diagnosis after a second aspiration, nor with the results of the biopsy. CONCLUSION: Repeat aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules may correct initial false negative results because of cytologic misdiagnosis, occurring in 1.75% of patients, whereas clinical changes did not contribute to diagnosis change. Repeat aspiration cytology is recommended in all patients with nodular goiter.     

Imaging in gout - What can we learn from MRI,CT, DECT and US?

There are many exciting new applications for advanced imaging in gout. These modalities employ multiplanar imaging and allow computerized three-dimensional rendering of bone and joints (including tophi) and have the advantage of electronic data storage for later retrieval. High-resolution computed tomography has been particularly helpful in exploring the pathology of gout by investigating the relationship between bone erosions and tophi. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography can image the inflammatory nature of gouty arthropathy, revealing synovial and soft tissue inflammation, and can provide information about the composition and vascularity of tophi. Dual-energy computerized tomography is a new modality that is able to identify tophi by their chemical composition and reveal even small occult tophaceous deposits. All modalities are being investigated for their potential roles in diagnosis and could have important clinical applications in the patient for whom aspiration of monosodium urate crystals from the joint is not possible. Imaging can also provide outcome measures, such as change in tophus volume, for monitoring the response to urate-lowering therapy and this is an important application in the clinical trial setting.     

Fine needle aspiration of tophi for crystal identification in problematic cases of gout. A report of two cases

BACKGROUND: The definitive diagnosis of gout is best established by demonstration of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the synovial fluid or biopsy. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of tophi can play a crucial role in diagnosis. CASES: A 36-year-old chronic alcoholic male developed subcutaneous nodules on both malleoli without a history of arthropathy and with normal serum uric acid levels. FNAC of the nodules demonstrated stacks and sheaves of needle-shaped crystals of MSU. A 50-year-old diabetic male developed multiple nodules on the feet. He gave a past history of painful athropathy. A roentgenogram of the feet was suspicious for gout; however, joint aspiration failed, and the serum uric acid levels were normal. At this juncture FNAC of the feet tophi clinched the diagnosis of gout. In both cases, polarization of needle washings (wet mount) and the fixed, Papanicolaoustained smears showed negatively birefringent, needle-shaped crystals of MSU, thus confirming the diagnosis of gout. CONCLUSION: FNAC of gouty tophi is an easy alternative to synovial biopsy and joint fluid analysis. It is simpler, easier and less painful. As crystals are preserved in stained smears, they can be employed for polarization and confirmation of gout.     

Percutaneous ethanol injections in the treatment of nodular thyroid disease--fourteen years of experience

Surgery, radioactive iodine, and suppressive doses of Lthyroxine are commonly used in the treatment of benign nodular thyroid disease, with the best results achieved with surgery. However, recent advances in cytological diagnostic methods enable patients to choose alternative therapies if there are some contraindications or there is no agreement for surgery. Over past 14 years percutaneous ethanol injections (PEI), used in the past as a therapy for liver, kidney, parathyroid and adrenal cortical tumors, have been developed as an alternative method in the management of thyroid nodules. This paper reviews the investigations of a number aspects of PEI in the treatment of thyroid nodules reported in the literature. The evidence demonstrate that PEI is effective in the case of both solid non-toxic and autonomously functioning toxic nodules as well as cystic nodules. In majority of cases restore normal serum fT4, fT3 and TSH concentrations and shrink the tumor volume. The method seems to be safe and generally well tolerated by the patients. However, the current research base on the efficacy and PEI-associated risks is still inadequate to determine definitively its role as a standard treatment of benign nodular thyroid disease. For example, there is no detailed data comparing the results of treatment with PEI to standard treatment with radioactive iodine and L-thyroxine. Despite it, we conclude that PEI is a valuable method that earned recognition among other methods of the thyroid nodules treatment.     

巨大浅表性脂肪瘤样痣一例并文献复习

目的:本研究探讨巨大浅表性脂肪瘤样痣(NLCS)的临床表现、病理特征及预后。方法:回顾性分析一例巨大NLCS的临床表现、病理学特征及预后情况,并结合文献进行复习。结果:本例患者皮损分布于腰臀部,呈群集状丘疹和结节。病理学特征为在真皮胶原组织内见成熟无包膜的脂肪组织。经手术切除后,取得了满意的效果。术后八个月,随诊复查未见异常,至今无复发。结论:巨大NLCS的确诊主要依靠组织病理检查,手术是治疗NLCS的首选方法。     

Cutaneous and meningeal sporotrichosis in a HIV patient

A male patient with HIV and past history of tuberculosis and suspected neurotoxoplasmosis was admitted to the hospital with vomiting and small nodules through all his body. Few of the nodules were found forming chains of enlarged lymphatic vessels, especially on lesions located on the limbs. Some of the nodules were ulcerated with a serosanguineous discharge. Collected samples from ulcerated and the nodular lesions showed the presence of Sporothrix schenckii in culture. Although all hemocultures were negative, a spinal fluid collected from this patient and cultures from the cutaneous lesions were both positive for S. schenckii. The patient showed improvement after treatment with Amphotericin B. Sadly, he later died of complications not related to the S. schenckii infection. This case of disseminated sporotrichosis is a remainder that in patients with immunological disorders exotic forms of this fungal clinical entity could be expected.