含二元毒素基因的苏云金杆菌重组子晶体蛋白分析及其对蚊幼虫的毒性

通过电转化方法将含球形芽孢杆菌（Bacillussphaericus简称B.s)二元毒素基因的重组质粒pCW2转化野生型苏云金杆菌以色列亚种（B．thuringiensissubsp.israelensis简称B．t．i）,获得一株含二元毒素基因的重组菌株B＋CW-1。重组菌株能表达二元毒素及δ-内毒素和CytA毒素,并形成2类位于芽孢孢外膜外的伴孢晶体。B＋CW-1对伊蚊（Aedes）、按蚊（Anopheles）和抗性库蚊（Culex）的毒力明显高于B．s,同时也略高产B.t.i菌株,但其杀蚊谱和杀活性水平同B．t．i相似。未发现二元毒素同B．t．i毒素间的协同作用。     

球形芽孢杆菌C3—41二元毒素基因在苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种中的？…

球形芽孢杆菌Ｃ３－４１是我国分离的一株对蚊幼虫有毒杀作用的高毒力菌株,对库蚊、按蚊幼虫的毒性高于２３６２菌株,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证明Ｃ３－４１总ＤＮＡ中３．５ＫｂＨｉｎｄＩＩＩ片段上带有４１．９和５１．４ｋＤ二元毒素基因。     

球形芽孢杆菌C_3—41菌株胞外蛋白酶特性

球形芽孢杆菌能够合成具杀蚊活性的蛋白晶体,该晶体在蚊中肠碱性条件下降解产生毒性,尽管球形芽孢杆菌蛋白酶与杀蚊毒素的降解无关,但它在球形芽孢杆菌杀蚊制剂的产生中有重要意义。同时球形芽孢杆菌产生的碱性蛋白酶具有潜在的医疗价值。 我们以本实验室分离的高效杀蚊菌C_3—41菌株为材料,研究了球形芽孢杆菌蛋白酶的产生特性及其理化性质,在国内尚属首次报道。     

几株球形芽孢杆菌二元毒素基因的检测及对敏感和抗性尖音库蚊的毒性

根据Bacillus sphaericus 2362二元毒素基因核苷酸序列合成的一组寡聚核苷酸为引物,通过PCR扩增出1.1 kb的DNA片段作探针检测了C₃-41、IAB881、IAB872、BS-197和lPl-G菌株中二元毒素基因。Southern杂交表明C₃-41、IAB881、IAB872和BS-197菌株中3.5kb Hind III及LPl-G中4.7kb Hind III的酶切片段分别带有与探针有高度同源性的二元毒素基因。SDS-PAGE和Western印迹杂交表明所有菌株都能产生41.9kD和51.4kD的毒素蛋白。C₃.41、IAB881、BS.197和2362的全发酵液和碱抽提液对敏感尖音库蚊Culex pipienssubsp.Pipiens幼虫毒性高,但对抗性幼虫几乎无毒,LPl-G对敏感和抗性蚊幼虫具有相同的中度毒杀作用;IAB872对敏感幼虫毒性高,对抗性幼虫的毒力同LPl-G相似。这两株菌对抗性蚊幼虫的毒性可能是由Mtx毒素蛋白所导致的。     

我国高效杀蚊球形芽孢杆菌BS 10毒素蛋白基因的克隆和表达

球形芽孢杆菌BS1O(Bacillus sphaericus Strain 10,BSl0)是从我国分离得到的一株高毒力杀蚊幼虫菌株。BS1O在芽孢形成过程中产生的伴孢晶体蛋白对蚊幼虫,特别是库蚊幼虫具有强的毒杀作用。本文建构了Bs10的重组克隆,并通过合成18碱基的寡聚核苷酸序列为探针,筛选出了BSl0的重组阳性克隆〔TGl(pFL37)和TGl(pFL36)〕。重组克隆TGl(pFL37)含有编码43kd毒素蛋白的4．0kb HindⅢ的BSl0 DNA片段。Western blot分析和生物活性测定证明BS1O的43kd杀蚊毒素蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中得到表达。     

球形芽孢杆菌二元毒素基因的定位及无芽孢突变株的生物学特性

DES诱变得到了三株球形芽孢杆菌无芽孢突变株G5、C4、L5,经显微观察、超微结构分析、生物测定、蛋白质SDSPAGE分析及质粒检测,观察到突变株C4、L5阻碍于芽孢形成的第Ⅱ期,突变株G5阻碍于芽孢形成的第Ⅲ期,其细胞中已有晶体形成,它对致倦库蚊幼虫的毒力明显高于仅有二元毒素蛋白合成、而无毒素晶体形成的突变株C4和L5。突变株L5消除了质粒,仍有二元毒素蛋白合成。Southern blot分析表明含二元毒素基因部分DNA片段的探针仅与菌株C341、BS10的染色体具有同源性,因此证明供试菌株的二元毒素基因定位于染色体上。     

球形芽孢杆菌Mtx1杀蚊毒素在苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种中的表达

将来源于球形芽孢杆菌SSII-1的mtx1毒素基因克隆至穿梭载体pBU4上,得到mtx1插入方向相反的重组质粒pMT9和pMT4.含有pMT9和pMT4的大肠杆菌转化子能表达产生Mtx1毒素,发酵液对敏感和抗性致倦库蚊幼虫具有中度毒杀作用;含有pMT9和pMT4的苏云金芽孢杆菌转化子B-pMT9和B-pMT4在营养体生长阶段对敏感蚊幼和抗性幼虫也具有毒性,毒力与野生型SSII-1相当,而不同转化子在芽孢形成期的毒力因插入的mtx1基因转录方向不同而表现出差异,其中B-pMT4对目标蚊幼毒力极低(LC50＞100mg/mL),而B-pMT9对蚊幼虫具有毒性(LC50=2.49mg/mL).     

球形芽孢杆菌C_3—41菌株胞外蛋白酶特性

球形芽孢杆菌能够合成具杀蚊活性的蛋白晶体,该晶体在蚊中肠碱性条件下降解产生毒性,尽管球形芽孢杆菌蛋白酶与杀蚊毒素的降解无关,但它在球形芽孢杆菌杀蚊制剂的产生中有重要意义。同时球形芽孢杆菌产生的碱性蛋白酶具有潜在的医疗价值。 我们以本实验室分离的高效杀蚊菌C_3—41菌株为材料,研究了球形芽孢杆菌蛋白酶的产生特性及其理化性质,在国内尚属首次报道。     

球形芽孢杆菌C3-41对致倦库蚊的毒效及在蚊体内的再循环

球形芽孢杆菌Csub3-41菌株(Bacillus sphaericus C3-41)对致倦库蚊(Culex puinquefa-seiatus)幼虫有很高毒效,对2龄和3-4龄幼虫的半致死剂量(LD₅₀)分别为63.1 和89.7芽孢/蚊幼虫。处理浓度越高,取食时间越长,蚊幼虫取食到的杀蚊活性物质量越多,死亡率越高。当蚊幼虫取食亚致死剂量杀蚊活性物质后,球形芽孢杆菌在感染的活幼虫体内不增殖;但当蚊幼虫取食致死剂量杀蚊活性物质后,蚊幼死亡,球形芽孢杆菌在死蚊幼虫体内增殖明显,6天内芽孢从感染初期的1.86X10²蚊幼虫增加到1.59X10⁶/蚊幼虫。芽孢在死蚊幼虫体内能正常萌发、生长、产孢和形成毒素。增殖的芽孢同样对致倦库蚊幼虫有较高毒力。     

球形芽孢杆菌Mtx1杀蚊毒素在苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种中的表达*

将来源于球形芽孢杆菌SSII 1的mtx1毒素基因克隆至穿梭载体 pBU4上 ,得到mtx1插入方向相反的重组质粒 pMT9和pMT4。含有 pMT9和 pMT4的大肠杆菌转化子能表达产生Mtx1毒素 ,发酵液对敏感和抗性致倦库蚊幼虫具有中度毒杀作用 ;含有pMT9和pMT4的苏云金芽孢杆菌转化子B pMT9和B pMT4在营养体生长阶段对敏感蚊幼和抗性幼虫也具有毒性 ,毒力与野生型SSII 1相当 ,而不同转化子在芽孢形成期的毒力因插入的mtx1基因转录方向不同而表现出差异 ,其中B pM     

Sequence analysis of the mosquitocidal toxin genes encoding 51.4- and 41.9-kilodalton proteins from Bacillus sphaericus 2362 and 2297.

The nucleotide sequences of a 3,479-base-pair HindIII DNA fragment from Bacillus sphaericus 2362 and a 2,940-base-pair fragment from strain 2297 were determined; only minor differences were detected between them. Each contained two open reading frames coding for proteins of 51.4 and 41.9 kilodaltons. Both proteins were required for toxicity to larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens.     

Production of Cry11A and Cry11Ba toxins in Bacillus sphaericus confers toxicity towards Aedes aegypti and resistant Culex populations.

Cry11A from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Cry11Ba from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan were introduced, separately and in combination, into the chromosome of Bacillus sphaericus 2297 by in vivo recombination. Two loci on the B. sphaericus chromosome were chosen as target sites for recombination: the binary toxin locus and the gene encoding the 36-kDa protease that may be responsible for the cleavage of the Mtx protein. Disruption of the protease gene did not increase the larvicidal activity of the recombinant strain against Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens. Synthesis of the Cry11A and Cry11Ba toxins made the recombinant strains toxic to A. aegypti larvae to which the parental strain was not toxic. The strain containing Cry11Ba was more toxic than strains containing the added Cry11A or both Cry11A and Cry11Ba. The production of the two toxins together with the binary toxin did not significantly increase the toxicity of the recombinant strain to susceptible C. pipiens larvae. However, the production of Cry11A and/or Cry11Ba partially overcame the resistance of C. pipiens SPHAE and Culex quinquefasciatus GeoR to B. sphaericus strain 2297.     

Coexpression of cyt1Aa of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis with Bacillus sphaericus Binary Toxin Gene in Acrystalliferous Strain of B. thuringiensis

The cyt1Aa gene of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and binary toxin gene of Bacillus sphaericus C3-41 were introduced into an acrystalliferous strain of B. thuringiensis independently and in combination by using shuttle vector pBU4. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis proved that cyt1Aa and binary toxin genes coexpressed during the sporulation of the recombinant. Transformant strain expressing the Cyt1Aa and binary toxin proteins in combination was more toxic to susceptible and resistant Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus than the transformants expressing Cyt1Aa protein or binary toxin proteins independently. It was suggested that large amount of production of Cyt1Aa protein and binary toxin proteins possibly interacted synergistically, thereby increasing its mosquitocidal toxicity significantly. Received: 22 October 1999 / Accepted: 22 November 1999     

Reduction of resistance of Culex pipiens larvae to the binary toxin from Bacillus sphaericus by coexpression of cry4Ba from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis with the binary toxin gene

The cry4Ba gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and the binary toxin gene from B. sphaericus C3-41 were cloned together into a shuttle vector and expressed in an acrystalliferous strain of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 4Q7. Transformed strain Bt-BW611, expressing both Cry4Ba protein and binary toxin protein, was more than 40-fold more toxic to Culex pipiens larvae resistant to B. sphaericus than the transformed strains expressing Cry4Ba protein or binary toxin protein independently. This result showed that the coexpression of cry4Ba of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis with B. sphaericus binary toxin gene partly suppressed more than 10,000-fold resistance of C. pipiens larvae to the binary toxin. It was suggested that production of Cry4Ba protein and binary toxin protein interacted synergistically, thereby increasing their mosquito-larvicidal toxicity.     

Toxicity of Bacillus sphaericus LP1-G against susceptible and resistant Culex quinquefasciatus and the cloning of the mosquitocidal toxin gene

Bacillus sphaericus LP1-G, belonging to flagellar serotype H3, has been found to have moderate toxicity against two resistant Culex quinquefasciatus colonies (RLCq1 and RLCq2) and the susceptible contrast (SLCq). With an aim of screening mosquitocidal acting factor, a partial genome library was prepared from a partial HindIII digest of the total DNA from Bacillus sphaericus LP1-G. Two thousand twenty Escherichia coli clones were screened for toxicity against susceptible SLCq, and a toxic clone, designated E-UL68, was chosen for further study. The recombinant E-UL68 performed toxicity against both susceptible and two resistant colonies, having the same level of toxicity as that of wide-type strain LP1-G. Sequence analysis revealed that the inserted fragment was composed of 3876 nucleotides and contained a complete gene, whose sequence was identical to that of the mtx gene from B. sphaericus SSII-1. Because the binary toxin produced during sporulation of strain LP1-G has no activity against the target mosquitoes, this indicates that the Mtx toxin or other active factors might perhaps be responsible for the toxicity of LP1-G against different colonies of mosquito larvae.     

Molecular cloning of the 130-kilodalton mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in Bacillus sphaericus.

A 3.7-kilobase (kb) XbaI fragment harboring the cryIVB gene (L. Thorne, F. Garduno, T. Thompson, D. Decker, M. A. Zounes, M. Wild, A. M. Walfield, and T. J. Pollock, J. Bacteriol. 166:801-811, 1986) which encoded a 130-kilodalton (kDa) mosquitocidal toxin from a 110-kb plasmid of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 4Q2-72 was cloned into pUC12 and transformed into Escherichia coli. The clone with a recombinant plasmid (designated pBT8) was toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae. The fragment (3.7 kb) was ligated into pBC16 (tetracycline resistant [Tcr]) and transformed by the method of protoplast transformation into Bacillus sphaericus 1593 and 2362, which were highly toxic to Anopheles and Culex mosquito larvae but less toxic to Aedes larvae. After cell regeneration on regeneration medium, the Tcr plasmids from transformants (pBTC1) of both strains of B. sphaericus were prepared and analyzed. The 3.7-kb XbaI fragment from the B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis plasmid was shown to be present by agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blot hybridization. In addition, B. sphaericus transformants produced a 130-kDa mosquitocidal toxin which was detected by Western (immuno-) blot analysis with antibody prepared against B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 130-kDa mosquitocidal toxin. The 50% lethal concentrations of the transformants of strains 1593 and 2362 against A. aegypti larvae were 2.7 X 10(2) and 5.7 X 10(2) cells per ml, respectively. This level of toxicity was comparable to the 50% lethal concentration of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis but much higher than that of B. sphaericus 1593 and 2362 (4.7 X 10(4) cells per ml) against A. aegypti larvae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Molecular cloning of the 130-kilodalton mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in Bacillus sphaericus

A 3.7-kilobase (kb) XbaI fragment harboring the cryIVB gene (L. Thorne, F. Garduno, T. Thompson, D. Decker, M. A. Zounes, M. Wild, A. M. Walfield, and T. J. Pollock, J. Bacteriol. 166:801-811, 1986) which encoded a 130-kilodalton (kDa) mosquitocidal toxin from a 110-kb plasmid of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 4Q2-72 was cloned into pUC12 and transformed into Escherichia coli. The clone with a recombinant plasmid (designated pBT8) was toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae. The fragment (3.7 kb) was ligated into pBC16 (tetracycline resistant [Tcr]) and transformed by the method of protoplast transformation into Bacillus sphaericus 1593 and 2362, which were highly toxic to Anopheles and Culex mosquito larvae but less toxic to Aedes larvae. After cell regeneration on regeneration medium, the Tcr plasmids from transformants (pBTC1) of both strains of B. sphaericus were prepared and analyzed. The 3.7-kb XbaI fragment from the B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis plasmid was shown to be present by agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blot hybridization. In addition, B. sphaericus transformants produced a 130-kDa mosquitocidal toxin which was detected by Western (immuno-) blot analysis with antibody prepared against B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 130-kDa mosquitocidal toxin. The 50% lethal concentrations of the transformants of strains 1593 and 2362 against A. aegypti larvae were 2.7 X 10(2) and 5.7 X 10(2) cells per ml, respectively. This level of toxicity was comparable to the 50% lethal concentration of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis but much higher than that of B. sphaericus 1593 and 2362 (4.7 X 10(4) cells per ml) against A. aegypti larvae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Recombinant strain of Bacillus thuringiensis producing Cyt1A,Cry11B,and the Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin

A novel recombinant Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain that produces the B. sphaericus binary toxin, Cyt1Aa, and Cry11Ba is described. The toxicity of this strain (50% lethal concentration [LC(50)] = 1.7 ng/ml) against fourth-instar Culex quinquefasciatus was higher than that of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis IPS-82 (LC(50) = 7.9 ng/ml) or B. sphaericus 2362 (LC(50) = 12.6 ng/ml).