圆二色谱激子手笥法进展及其在天然产物绝对构型确定中的应用

本文综述了圆二色谱激子手性法进展及其在天然产物绝对构型确定中地应用。     

圆二色谱激子手性法进展及其在天然产物绝对构型确定中的应用

本文综述了圆二色谱激子手性法进展及其在天然产物绝对构型确定中的应用.     

株特殊生境荒漠植物雾冰藜内生真菌Stagonospora sp.的次级代谢产物

本文通过对1株特殊生境荒漠植物雾冰藜内生真菌Stagonospora sp.的次级代谢产物进行研究,首次分离得到4个松萝酸结构类似物,包括1个新化合物stagonone（1）和3个已知化合物：松萝酸（2）,cercosporamide（3）和usnic acid amide（4）。通过高分辨质谱和NMR实验解析了新化合物1的平面结构,采用圆二色谱（CD）方法确定了其绝对构型;本文还报道了松萝酸（2）的单晶结构以及松萝酸（2）的CD谱,为确定该同类化合物的绝对构型提供了支持;活性试验结果证实化合物1-4具有选择性抗肿瘤细胞活性。基于化合物1-4的结构特征,推测了其可能的生物合成途径。     

海洋曲霉属真菌抗菌活性物质的研究进展

海洋微生物由于其独特的生存环境造就了许多结构新颖、具有特殊生物活性的代谢产物。随着科学技术的发展,科学界掀起了对海洋微生物代谢物的研究浪潮。近年来的研究表明,海洋曲霉属真菌及其次级代谢产物具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒等生物活性。通过查阅文献与资料,对近年来海洋曲霉属真菌及其次级代谢产物的化学结构及生物活性研究与开发的进展进行综述总结,以期有助于后续研究及应用。     

核糖体工程与微生物次级代谢产物合成

核糖体工程通过对微生物次级代谢产物合成相关基因表达的两个重要元件——核糖体或RNA聚合酶进行修饰和改造,带来其结构和功能上的改变,进而影响次级代谢产物的合成。因此,向核糖体组成元件中引入特定的突变就能够有效地调节次级代谢产物的合成,通过该技术改造有重要商业价值的工业微生物,提高其次级代谢产物(如抗生素)的合成能力,对于微生物次生代谢产物研发及产业化具有重要的科研与经济价值。     

微生物肽类次级代谢产物研究进展

微生物肽类次级代谢产物是一类重要的天然产物,因含有稀有氨基酸而具有丰富的化学结构和生物活性。随着微生物天然产物分离纯化技术的发展,新型肽类产物层出不穷,在微生物次级代谢产物的研究领域扮演了重要的角色。本文综述近年来发现的来自细菌和真菌的微生物肽类代谢产物,以及采用基因挖掘等手段人工合成的新型肽类产物,并结合近年来本团队昆虫病原线虫共生菌肽类产物的研究积累,分析微生物肽类产物研究存在的问题及可能的解决方案,以期为微生物导向的新型活性肽类产物的深入发掘和应用研究提供参考。     

海绵共附生真菌多样性及其次级代谢产物的研究进展

海绵由于其独特的生理结构、进食方式使其体内部聚集了大量的微生物,这些微生物产生了多种结构新颖的生物活性物质,因此海绵及其共附生微生物的研究成为了海洋药物研发的热点。就海绵中共附生真菌的分布情况,新技术的应用及其生物次级代谢产物的生物活性展开综述。     

微生物次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇的克隆与异源表达

微生物次级代谢产物结构、功能极为多样,具有抗感染、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等多种生物活性,是新药研发的重要来源。随着新一代DNA测序技术以及生物信息学工具的快速发展,微生物基因组中大量次级代谢产物的生物合成基因簇(biosynthetic gene clusters, BGCs)被发现,BGCs克隆与异源表达在研究次级代谢产物中起着越来越关键的作用。目前,已经发展出很多新的大型BGCs克隆策略,包括TAR、Red/ET重组、DiPaC和SSR。获得的完整BGCs可以转化到适合的底盘细胞中进行异源表达,通过调控其转录水平和优化代谢途径产生新的次级代谢产物或实现目标化合物的高产。     

微生物核糖体工程研究进展

摘要：微生物获得特定类型的抗性突变,不仅反映了其核糖体或RNA多聚酶上相关靶位点结构的改变,也对突变菌株次级代谢产物（抗生素等）的生物合成能力产生深刻影响,因此筛选抗性突变株可作为微生物推理选育的途径之一。“核糖体工程”是利用微生物的各类抗性突变为筛选标记,高效获得次生代谢产物合成能力提高的突变株的推理育种新方法。本文综述了微生物“核糖体工程”的概念、各类突变的作用机理,并着重介绍组合抗性突变在提高出发菌株次级代谢产物产量方面的应用。     

微生物次级代谢产物抗辣椒疫霉的研究进展CSCD

辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)是一种破坏性极强的蔬菜作物病原菌,会使植物患疫病,已对农业生产造成巨大的经济损失。微生物次级代谢产物可通过破坏细胞膜通透性、干扰蛋白质合成以及诱导植物产生抗性等机制来抑制辣椒疫霉,在防治辣椒疫霉和其他植物病原菌中发挥着重要作用。微生物源次级代谢产物如吩嗪-1-羧酸是我国自主创制的绿色杀菌剂申嗪霉素(shenqinmycin)的主要成分,对包括辣椒疫病在内的多种植物病害有良好的防治效果。因此,微生物次级代谢产物的应用是生物防治中控制植物病害的有效手段,也是实现农业绿色发展的有效策略。本文以微生物类型(细菌、放线菌和真菌)为主线,简要综述了近二十年来94种具有抗辣椒疫霉活性的微生物次级代谢产物的来源、抗菌效果和部分次级代谢产物的抗菌机理,以期为微生物源次级代谢产物抗辣椒疫霉的研究与开发提供参考。     

Absolute configuration determination of isoflavan-4-ol stereoisomers

Elucidation of the correct stereochemistry of the metabolite is essential for the mechanistic study of bioactive compounds. Isoflavan-4-ol has the same chiropical chromophore as THD, the biosynthetic precursor of the potent phytoestrogen S-equol. Interested in the correct absolute configuration of isoflavan-4-ol stereoisomers and to compare the available practical approaches for the absolute configuration determination, complete absolute configuration analysis of isoflavan-4-ol stereoisomers has been carried out with by means of ECD and VCD spectroscopy as well as modified Mosher method. Theoretical TD-DFT computations resulted in a poor simulation of the observed experimental ECD spectra, and thus inconclusive absolute configuration assignments of isoflavan-4-ol stereoisomers were obtained. However, DFT-assisted VCD spectroscopic analyses successfully determined correct absolute configurations, and further confirmed by modified Mosher method.     

Structure-chiroptical properties relationship in clavams: an experimental and theoretical study

It is well known that the biological activity of clavams depends strongly on the absolute configuration at the ring junction carbon atom. Therefore, development of the efficient stereo-controlled synthetic methods for the new oxygen analogs of penams, and the structure-activity relationship studies call for a reliable determination of the absolute stereochemistry of newly synthesized compounds. Recently, we proposed an empirical helicity rule relating the configuration of the bridgehead carbon atom to the sign of the 240 nm band observed in the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum of clavams. In the present work, we investigate the validity of this structure-property relationship for several enantiomeric pairs of model compounds possessing an additional, interfering chromophore in the molecule. For this purpose a combination of the ECD spectroscopy and the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is used. A comparison of the ECD spectra with the theoretical ones obtained by the TD-DFT calculations gives a reasonable interpretation of the Cotton effects observed in the 250-220 nm spectral range. Moreover, the calculations confirm validity of the helicity rule for systems studied here and demonstrate that ECD spectroscopy may be used as a highly sensitive probe of the three-dimensional molecular structure of clavams.     

DFT calculation–assisted stereo-structural assignment of arundifungin

Arundifungin ( 1 ) has been reported as a potent antifungal agent against Candida and Aspergillus spp; however, only its planar structure has been disclosed. This paper describes the assignment of the relative and absolute configuration of 1 , which includes (a) determination of the relative configuration of the ABCD polycyclic ring moiety on the basis of detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, followed by the confirmation with density functional theory (DFT)–based ¹³C NMR chemical shift calculations, (b) determination of the absolute configuration of the ABCD polycyclic ring moiety by observing a positive Cotton effect at 217 nm because of the C-8/C-9 tetrasubstituted double bond and its reproduction using DFT calculations, (c) determination of the configurational relationship between C-17 and C-20 by a combination of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) analysis and DFT-based conformational analysis, and (d) determination of the relative and absolute configuration of the C-24 and C-25 asymmetric centers on the acyclic side chain by a combination of chemical derivatization including modified Mosher's method and DFT-based conformational analysis, followed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral reproduction. Present study also discovered 26-deoxyarundifungin ( 2 ) of which relative structure was readily elucidated by ¹H and ¹³C spectral comparison with those of 1 . Since 2 exhibits slightly weaker antifungal activity against Cochliobolus miyabeanus than 1 , the hydroxy group at C-26 moderately contributes to the activity.     

Absolute stereochemistry of novel isochromanone derivatives from Leptosphaeria sp. KTC 727

A novel isochromanone, (S)-8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4,5-dimethyl-3-methylene-isochromen-1-one (1), known 2 and previously reported metabolites from Leptosphaeria sp. KTC 727 (JCM 13076 = MAFF 239586) were isolated from the same source by culturing for a relatively long period. The results of the present study disclose their structures involving the absolute stereochemistry. The planar structures of these molecules were established by ESIMS and NMR spectral analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by comparing its electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum with that of structurally-related known compound 3. The relative stereochemistry of 2 was revealed by a combination of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments and thermodynamic discussions. Successful transformation of 1 to 2 led us to assign the configuration of 2 after comparing their ECD spectra. These compounds exhibited weak antifungal activities against Cochliobolus miyabeanus.     

Stereochemical analysis of β‐keto sulfoxides by circular dichroism

Three β‐keto sulfoxides ( 1–3 ) were synthesized in enantiopure form and investigated by means of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, both in electronic and vibrational range (ECD, VCD), in combination with quantum chemical calculations. For compound 2 , the X‐ray structure was available; thus, the ECD in the solid state was also considered to reveal the differences between the molecular species in both states. Despite the simplicity of all β‐keto sulfoxides under investigation (29 atoms), reproducing even the major spectral VCD features failed for two compounds, making the use of VCD not ideal to assign their absolute configuration in a reliable way. We demonstrated, however, that the use of ECD spectroscopy, both in solution and solid state, can easily, unambiguously, and without any complication simulate all bands by applying the standard protocol for calculations. This study may stimulate the debate on the need of the use of two chiroptical methods simultaneously in the determination of absolute configurations.     

Central-to-axial chirality transfer revealed by liquid crystals: a combined experimental and computational approach for the determination of absolute configuration of carboxylic acids with an α chirality centre

The conversion into 6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenz[c,e]azepine (DAZ) N-protected amides is a viable route for the determination of the absolute configuration of chiral 2-substituted carboxylic acids. The biphenyl moiety of DAZ, besides being a probe of chirality for the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy, makes these systems suitable for configuration assignment by exploiting the chirality amplification which occurs in nematic liquid crystals. To assess the reliability of the liquid crystal method in detecting the absolute stereochemistry of chiral amides bound to a biphenyl group, we measured the helical twisting power of a series of DAZ-N-protected amides and compared these data with the results obtained from ECD measurements. We will show that the liquid crystal method, corroborated by HTP predictions, is trustworthy with our biphenyl derivatives, even when ECD spectra are ambiguous for the presence of aryl moieties displaying strong UV absorptions in the same range of the biphenyl chromophore.     

Rapid isolation and identification of minor natural products by LC–MS,LC–SPE–NMR and ECD: Isoflavanones,biflavanones and bisdihydrocoumarins from Ormocarpum kirkii

The combination of the hyphenated techniques LC–MS and LC–SPE–NMR constitutes a powerful platform for the rapid isolation and identification of minor components from natural sources. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) is a useful tool to determine the absolute configuration of small quantities of chiral molecules. In order to search for minor constituents present in an Ormocarpum kirkii extract, these techniques were applied for the separation and structure elucidation of a series of isoflavanones, biflavanones and biscoumarins. After optimization of chromatographic conditions and subsequent isolation, MS and 1D and 2D NMR data were collected. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra were used in conjunction with NMR data to confirm the absolute configuration of these compounds. Eight compounds were identified for the first time and six have been previously reported. The present approach offers a strategy for accelerating research on natural products.     

Hyposterolactone A,a 3α-Hydroxy Steroidal Lactone from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Hypocrea sp. ZEN14

Chemical investigation of the deep-sea-derived fungus Hypocrea sp. ZEN14 afforded a new 3α-hydroxy steroidal lactone, hyposterolactone A ( 1 ) and 25 known secondary metabolites ( 2 – 26 ). The structure of the new compound was established by detailed spectroscopic analysis, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation as well as a J-based configuration analysis. Compound 10 showed potent cytotoxicity against Huh7 and Jurkat cells with IC₅₀ values of 1.4 μM and 6.7 μM, respectively.