海洋动物来源活性物质的研究新进展

海洋动物因具有产生抗菌物质、抗肿瘤物质、抗病毒物质、免疫调节物质等活性产物的巨大潜力,备受研究人员重视。近年来,各 国研究者已从海洋动物中分离出了数千种结构新颖的活性物质,为新药的开发提供了坚实的基础。简要介绍了近六年来海绵、珊瑚、海参、 海鞘等海洋动物来源的活性物质研究进展,旨在为海洋药用动物资源的开发利用提供参考。     

海洋微藻活性物质在结肠直肠癌化学预防中的应用前景

结肠直肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁着人类的健康和生命。化学预防是指使用药物、维生素或营养补充剂等来降低癌症的发生或复发的风险。海洋微藻是单细胞或简单的多细胞光合自养微生物,具有生长速度快、光合效率高以及适应性强等特点,并能产生许多宝贵的天然活性化合物,包括类胡萝卜素、脂肪酸、多糖和蛋白质等。大量的研究表明,海洋微藻产生的类胡萝卜素、脂肪酸、多糖和蛋白质等天然活性物质,对结肠癌有化学预防作用。本研究综述了近年来有关海洋微藻活性物质对结肠直肠癌预防作用的研究,并展望了海洋微藻活性物质在结肠直肠癌化学预防中的应用前景。     

苏云金杆菌发酵上清液中生物活性物质的研究

对苏云金芽胞杆菌MP-342发酵上清液中生物活性物质的抑菌作用及化学结构进行初步研究。经717树脂脱色和732树脂吸附、氨水洗脱、真空浓缩及冷冻干燥,得到了纯度较高的精制品。然后进行了抑菌活性试验,结果表明该物质对苹果轮纹菌(Dothiorella gregaria)和苹果褐斑病菌(Marssonin mali)等植物病害微生物有明显的抑菌作用。最后通过质谱分析,表明该活性物质的分子量为396,推测该物质与国外文献报道的zwittermicin A可能为同一物质。     

海洋生理活性物质的研究及发展趋势

本文概括海洋生理活性物质特有的特异结构和药理作用,对研究治疗心脑血管疾病、癌症和艾滋病等方面的意义及发展前景。阐述我国近年来从海洋生物活性物质中发现如三丙酮胺、喹啉酮、柳珊瑚酸及其衍生物等２８种显著生理活性新化合物及１６种海洋生理活性物质;８种已投入市场的海洋药物及保健品。提出对海洋生理活性物质研制成新药的可行途径及应采取的决策和有效措施;提出应用如基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程和酶学工程等生物技术     

促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子的胃肠道作用

自1981年确定促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)的化学结构以来,已在其分布与功能的方面开展了大量工作。在胃肠道已发现CRF 免疫活性物质。由于其它下正脑肽(如促甲状腺素释放激素,生长抑素等)在胃肠道有一定作用,人们很自然地想考察一下CRF 是否也有类似作用。波兰学者S.J.Konturek 等用狗做了三组(A,B 和C)实验。A 组狗预先制备胃瘘、海氏小胃和胰瘘、     

海洋生理活性物质的研究及发展趋势

本文概述海洋生理活性物质特有的特异结构和药理作用,对研究治疗心脑血管疾病、癌症和艾滋病等方面的意义及发展前景。阐述我国近年来从海洋生物活性物质中发现如三丙酮胺、喹啉酮、柳珊瑚酸及其衍生物等观种显著生理活性新化合物及１６种海洋生理活性物质;８种已投入市场的海洋药物及保健品。提出对海洋生理活性物质研制成新药的可行途径及应采取的决策和有效措施;提出应用如基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程和酶学工程等生物技术来研制、生产出纯度高、质量高、成本低的海洋药物资源物质。海洋生物技术领域的迅速发展,对海洋生物活性物质的研究及开发海洋药物具有广阔的应用前景。     

海洋微生物活性物质研究进展

由于海洋环境的特殊性和多样性,海洋生物产生了与陆地生物不同的代谢途径和防御体系,分泌出多种结构新颖、活性特异的物质,如抗生素、抗肿瘤活性物质、酶等,这些活性物质在化工、医药、食品以及生命科学等领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文主要介绍了海洋微生物活性物质的主要类型及研究现状。     

合成生物活性物质的生物安全风险和应对策略研究

生物代谢工程以微生物为载体,以生命系统各个阶段形成的代谢产物为天然模板和设计蓝图,采用合成生物技术合成活性物质。这些活性物质中部分有害或具有潜在安全威胁,如毒素和蛋白质复合物、可用于临床治疗也可危害健康的药物分子及其衍生物、国际公约限制使用的化学制剂等,可能对生物安全产生不利影响。通过对采取天然代谢通路与非天然代谢通路生物合成的活性物质、化学合成的活性物质和活性物质递送技术相关的合成生物学安全风险的梳理分析,为促进活性物质的合成生物创新发展和应用提出科学应对策略。     

海洋生物活性物质研究的若干进展

众所周知,海洋生物资源及其丰富,种类繁多,数量庞大,呈现原始性和多样性特点。由于特殊的生态环境,海洋生物富含结构新颖、功能独特的高生物活性药用成分,可为新药研制开发提供相应的生物活性物质及重要先导化合物。海洋生物活性物质已成为人类医药宝库的重要来源。 海洋生物活性物质主要包括生物信息物质、生理活性物质、海洋生物毒素及生物功能材料等。目前,从海洋生物中已相继发现3000余种新型化合物,结构新     

葫芦素的生态功能及其应用前景

葫芦素是一类高度氧化的四环三萜类植物次生代谢物质,是葫芦科30多属100多种植物的特征化合物。葫芦素在植物体内作为异源化学信息素起到保护葫芦科植物免受众多植食性动物和病原菌的侵害。另一方面,在葫芦科植物上取食的一些昆虫则利用葫芦素作为其寄主识别的信号物质。由于葫芦素特殊的化学结构和生物学活性,葫芦科植物与植食性动物之间的这种复杂关系已被广泛研究。总结葫芦素的分布、生物合成途径、及其对高等动物、昆虫和病原体的防御作用的研究概况。并对这类植物次生物质在有害生物综合治理中的应用及前景作了介绍与展望。     

Biological activities and potential health benefits of bioactive peptides derived from marine organisms

Marine organisms have been recognized as rich sources of bioactive compounds with valuable nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potentials. Recently, marine bioactive peptides have gained much attention because of their numerous health beneficial effects. Notably, these peptides exhibit various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-proliferative, anticoagulant, calcium-binding, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activities. This review mainly presents biological activities of peptides from marine organisms and emphasizing their potential applications in foods as well as pharmaceutical areas.     

Diketopiperazines from marine organisms

Diketopiperazines (DKPs), which are cyclic dipeptides, have been detected in a variety of natural resources. Recently, the interest in these compounds increased significantly because of their remarkable bioactivity. This review deals with the chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, and biological activities of DKPs from marine microorganisms, sponges, sea stars, tunicates (ascidians), and red algae. The literature has been covered up to December 2008, and a total 124 DKPs from 104 publications have been discussed and reviewed. Some of these compounds have been found to possess various bioactivities including cytotoxicity, and antibacterial, antifungal, antifouling, plant-growth regulatory, and other activities.     

Spongia属沐浴海绵化学成分及生理活性研究概况

已进行化学成分研究的Spongia属沐浴海绵有15个种,主要化学成分有大环内酯,萜类,甾醇,神经酰胺和一些长链脂肪酸,脂等,其中一些化学成分具有结构新颖性和较好的生理活性,综述了国内外有关该属沐浴海绵化学成分及生理活性的研究概况。     

Marine natural product peptides with therapeutic potential: Chemistry,biosynthesis, and pharmacology

The oceans are a uniquely rich source of bioactive metabolites, of which sponges have been shown to be among the most prolific producers of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites with valuable therapeutic potential. Much attention has been focused on marine bioactive peptides due to their novel chemistry and diverse biological properties. As summarized in this review, marine peptides are known to exhibit various biological activities such as antiviral, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-coagulant, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and calcium-binding activities. This review focuses on the chemistry and biology of peptides isolated from sponges, bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, ascidians, and other marine sources. The role of marine invertebrate microbiomes in natural products biosynthesis is discussed in this review along with the biosynthesis of modified peptides from different marine sources. The status of peptides in various phases of clinical trials is presented, as well as the development of modified peptides including optimization of PK and bioavailability.     

Bioactive peptides from marine organisms: a short overview

Marine organisms are an immense source of new biologically active compounds. These compounds are unique because the aqueous environment requires a high demand of specific and potent bioactive molecules. Diverse peptides with a wide range of biological activities have been discovered, including antimicrobial, antitumoral, and antiviral activities and toxins amongst others. These proteins have been isolated from different phyla such as Porifera, Cnidaria, Nemertina, Crustacea, Mollusca, Echinodermata and Craniata. Purification techniques used to isolate these peptides include classical chromatographic methods such as gel filtration, ionic exchange and reverse-phase HPLC. Multiple in vivo and in vitro bioassays are coupled to the purification process to search for the biological activity of interest. The growing interest to study marine natural products results from the discovery of novel pharmacological tools including potent anticancer drugs now in clinical trials. This review presents examples of interesting peptides obtained from different marine organisms that have medical relevance. It also presents some of the common methods used to isolate and characterize them.     

Pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites of marine actinobacteria

Marine actinobacteria are one of the most efficient groups of secondary metabolite producers and are very important from an industrial point of view. Many representatives of the order Actinomycetales are prolific producers of thousands of biologically active secondary metabolites. Actinobacteria from terrestrial sources have been studied and screened since the 1950s, for many important antibiotics, anticancer, antitumor and immunosuppressive agents. However, frequent rediscovery of the same compounds from the terrestrial actinobacteria has made them less attractive for screening programs in the recent years. At the same time, actinobacteria isolated from the marine environment have currently received considerable attention due to the structural diversity and unique biological activities of their secondary metabolites. They are efficient producers of new secondary metabolites that show a range of biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antitumor, cytotoxic, cytostatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, anti-malaria, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-angiogenesis, etc. In this review, an evaluation is made on the current status of research on marine actinobacteria yielding pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites. Bioactive compounds from marine actinobacteria possess distinct chemical structures that may form the basis for synthesis of new drugs that could be used to combat resistant pathogens. With the increasing advancement in science and technology, there would be a greater demand for new bioactive compounds synthesized by actinobacteria from various marine sources in future.     

海洋寡糖及其衍生物活性的研究进展

海洋寡糖由海洋多糖经弱酸或糖苷酶等方法降解制备,具有来源丰富、结构新颖、分子量小、类型多样等特点,表现出抗肿瘤、抗氧化、免疫调节、抗病毒等多种生物活性,在食品、医药、保健品及化妆品等领域有着广泛的应用,具有巨大的开发潜力。为了及时了解海洋寡糖的研究进展,促进海洋寡糖的应用与开发,就海洋寡糖及其衍生物的免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抑菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗辐射、抗凝血、抗糖尿病以及调节肠道微生物等方面的活性研究进展进行了简要总结,以期为海洋寡糖及其衍生物的深入研究和深度开发提供参考。     

Marine-derived Phoma—the gold mine of bioactive compounds

The genus Phoma contains several species ubiquitously present in soil, water, and environment. There are two major groups of Phoma, viz., terrestrial and marine. After 1981 researchers all over the world have focused on marine-derived Phoma for their bioactive compounds. The marine Phoma are very rich sources for novel bioactive secondary metabolites, which could potentially be used as drugs. Recently, a large number of structurally unique metabolites with potential biological and pharmacological activities have been isolated from the marine Phoma species particularly Phoma herbarum, P. sorghina, and P. tropica. These metabolites mainly include diterpenes, enolides, lactones, quinine, phthalate, and anthraquinone. Most of these compounds possess antimicrobial, anticancer, radical scavenging, and cytotoxic properties. The present review has been focused on the general background of Phoma, current approaches used for its identification and their limitations, difference between terrestrial and marine Phoma species. In addition, this review summarizes the novel bioactive compounds derived from marine Phoma and their biological activities.

     

Marine microorganisms as an untapped source of bioactive compounds

The search for novel biologically active molecules has extended to the screening of organisms associated with less explored environments. In this sense, Oceans, which cover nearly the 67% of the globe, are interesting ecosystems characterized by a high biodiversity that is worth being explored. As such, marine microorganisms are highly interesting as promising sources of new bioactive compounds of potential value to humans. Some of these microorganisms are able to survive in extreme marine environments and, as a result, they produce complex molecules with unique biological interesting properties for a wide variety of industrial and biotechnological applications. Thus, different marine microorganisms (fungi, myxomycetes, bacteria, and microalgae) producing compounds with antioxidant, antibacterial, apoptotic, antitumoral and antiviral activities have been already isolated. This review compiles and discusses the discovery of bioactive molecules from marine microorganisms reported from 2018 onwards. Moreover, it highlights the huge potential of marine microorganisms for obtaining highly valuable bioactive compounds.     

Lichens: a promising source of antibiotic and anticancer drugs

Lichens are symbiotic associations between fungi and a photosynthetic alga and/or cyanobacteria. Lichenized fungi have been found to produce a wide array of secondary metabolites, most of which are unique to the lichenized condition. These secondary metabolites have shown an impressive range of biological activities including antibiotics, antifungal, anti-HIV, anticancer, anti-protozoan, etc. This review focuses primarily on the antibiotic and anticancer properties of lichen secondary chemicals. We have reviewed various publications related to antibiotic and anticancer drug therapies emphasizing results about specific lichens and/or lichen compounds, which microbes or cancer cells were involved and the main findings of each study. We found that crude lichen extracts and various isolated lichen compounds often demonstrate significant inhibitory activity against various pathogenic bacteria and cancer cell lines at very low concentrations. There were no studies examining the specific mechanism of action against pathogenic bacteria; however, we did find a limited number of studies where the mechanism of action against cancer cell lines had been explored. The molecular mechanism of cell death by lichen compounds includes cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, necrosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Although lichens are a reservoir for various biologically active compounds, only a limited number have been tested for their biological significance. There is clearly an urgent need for expanding research in this area of study, including in depth studies of those compounds which have shown promising results as well as a strong focus on identifying specific mechanisms of action and extensive clinical trials using the most promising lichen based drug therapies followed by large scale production of the best of those compounds.