日本血吸虫童虫体表超微结构动态观察

本文报告日本血吸虫皮肤型、肺型、肝门型童虫的体被用扫描电镜观察其超微结构的变化,其目的在于寻求日本血吸虫童虫的体被在实验动物体内变化的规律,提供血吸虫病在免疫学上和预防化学药物上的研究参考。其图版Ⅰ—Ⅲ的1—4为日本血吸虫尾蚴,5—7为0.5小时龄皮肤型童虫,8—13为10日龄肺型童虫,14—22为15日龄肝门型雄性童虫。     

日本血吸虫童虫体表超微结构动态观察

本文报告日本血吸虫皮肤型、肺型、肝门型童虫的体被用扫描电镜观察其超微结构的变化,其目的在于寻求日本血吸虫童虫的体被在实验动物体内变化的规律,提供血吸虫病在免疫学上和预防化学药物上的研究参考。其图版Ⅰ—Ⅲ的1—4为日本血吸虫尾蚴,5—7为0．5小时龄皮肤型童虫,8—13为10日龄肺型童虫,14—22为15日龄肝门型雄性童虫。     

吡喹酮在体外培养中对日本血吸虫童虫超微结构影响的电镜观察

吡喹酮(Praziquantel,PZ)是目前最优良的非锑类抗血吸虫药,实验证明,PZ对埃及、曼氏及日本血吸虫病疗效均佳,对体外培养的日本血吸虫成虫、曼氏血吸虫成虫及自由生活期幼虫均有很强的杀灭作用。有关PZ对血吸虫作用的文献很多,但迄今尚未见有关PZ在体外培养中对日本血吸虫童虫超微结构影响的文献报道。本文报道利用血吸虫童虫体外培养技术,在超微结构水平观察PZ对日本血吸虫肝门型童虫形态学影响。     

日本血吸虫童虫在终宿主体内的生长发育

本文对日本血吸虫童虫从终宿主的皮肤至肝门脉系移行过程的生长发育特点进行观察和分析,发现皮肤、肺、秆门三型童虫的体形、体长、体积、面积,发育率及生长速度均呈动态变化,而且这些变化与其生理功能是相适应的,因而为童虫体外培养、血吸虫病的免疫和药物预防研究提供材料来源和评价标准。     

日本血吸虫皮肤型童虫透射电镜观察

本文报道应用透射电镜观察并比较0.5、3和12小时龄的日本血吸虫皮肤型童虫的超徽结构特征。结果表明,除了外质膜外,其他的超微结构,如体被、肌层、体被下细胞、胞质桥、头腺、钻腺和食道等结构在尾蚴感染后3小时均未见再有明显的变化。     

血吸虫生殖生理的研究进展

血吸虫体外培养研究工作经过了半个世纪的努力,取得了很大的进展,其中较突出的有 Clegg[1]从童虫培养至成虫; Basch[2]使尾蚴人工转变童虫后继续体外培养达到童虫发育,雌雄合抱,雌虫产卵,但卵为异常卵.目前为止,无论在曼氏或日本血吸虫均在体外培养成功,但两种血吸虫所产的卵均为异常卵,而血吸虫的生殖生理研究是寻找血吸虫体外培养不育的关键.     

日本血吸虫尾蚴钻穿不同宿主皮肤时新转变童虫的死亡情况

日本血吸虫尾蚴在钻穿7种哺乳动物宿主皮肤而转变为童虫时,均发生了自然死亡,而且童虫的死亡率依宿主种类或同一种类的不同品系而异。它们皮肤内平均童虫死亡率分别为:小鼠3.7—7.2％、大鼠6.3％、金黄仑鼠7.0％、长爪沙鼠5.1％、豚鼠6.9％、兔4.9％、恒河猴12.8％。实验证明日本血吸虫尾蚴亦能钻入不易感的鸟类——鸽的皮肤,虽有1/4童虫立即在其皮肤内发生死亡,但部分童虫可移行至肺,然后在肺中消亡。     

日本血吸虫尾蚴人工方法转变的童虫超微结构的观察

本文报道日本血吸虫尾蚴经注射器推压和血清孵育两种人工方法转变的童虫与载体皮肤型童虫的透射及扫描电镜的观察结果。描述了三种童虫在转变后3小时至12小时其糖膜、外质膜、体被内包含体及腺体的超微结构的变化。     

日本血吸虫发育的生理学研究

有关日本血吸虫在终末寄主体内的发育生理,知道的很少。唐仲璋等(1973)对其在终末寄主体内的迁移途径作了精细的实验研究,确定了童虫的肺—肝移行的正常途径。了解和掌握日本血吸虫在终末寄主体内生长和发育过程中的生理活动规律特点,不仅对开展血吸虫病的药物预防和免疫预防工作是必不可少的,而且作为评价血吸虫离体培养的发育程度也是所必需的。本文报告日本血吸虫尾蚴侵入寄主皮肤后的移行、定居、生长和     

日本血吸虫尾蚴经人工方法转变的童虫体外培养的研究

本文介绍了日本血吸虫体外培养系统。建立了较适于童虫生长发育的B41培养基。尾蚴经人工方法转变的童虫在体外可发育至雌雄合抱,雌雄生殖器官形成。雌虫可达产卵阶段,但未具备正常的产卵机能。培养的血吸虫在体外至少可存活110天。     

土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫的扫描电镜观察

血吸虫类中如血居科(sanguinicolidae)的Aporocotyle simplex Odhner,1900、裂体科(Schistosomatidae)的日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum)曼氏血吸虫(S.mansoni)及埃及血吸虫(S.haematobium)等多种血吸虫均经扫描电镜观察(Johnson and Moriearts,1969;Silk et al., 1969;Robson and Erasmus, 1970; Miller et al., 1972; Kuntz et al.,1976、1977;Voge et al., 1978; Thulin, 1980;及何毅勋和马金鑫,1980等)。关于土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫[Orientobitharzia lurkestanica(skrjabin,1913)Dut et Srivastava,1955]的体表扫描电镜尚无报告,而只见有此虫种体壁及肠管的透射电镜观察的资料(Lavrov and Fedoseenke,1978)。本文部分作者最近在内蒙东部兴安岭以南部分地区进行牛羊土     

Tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Echinostoma cinetorchis]

The tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Echinostoma cinetorchis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Three-day (juvenile) and 16-day (adult) worms were harvested from rats (Sprague-Dawley) experimentally fed the metacercariae from the laboratory-infected fresh water snail, Hippeutis cantori. The worms were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, processed routinely, and observed by an ISI Korea DS-130 scanning electron microscope. The 3-day old juvenile worms were elongated and ventrally curved, with their ventral sucker near the anterior two-fifths of the body. The head crown was bearing 37-38 collar spines arranged in a zigzag pattern. The lips of the oral and ventral suckers had 8 and 5 type II sensory papillae respectively, and between the spines, a few type III papillae were observed. Tongue or spade-shape spines were distributed anteriorly to the ventral sucker, whereas peg-like spines were distributed posteriorly and became sparse toward the posterior body. The spines of the dorsal surface were similar to those of the ventral surface. The 16-day old adults were leaf-like, and their oral and ventral suckers were located very closely. Aspinous head crown, oral and ventral suckers had type II and type III sensory papillae, and numerous type I papillae were distributed on the tegument anterior to the ventral sucker. Scale-like spines, with broad base and round tip, were distributed densely on the tegument anterior to the ventral sucker but they became sparse posteriorly. At the dorsal surface, spines were observed at times only at the anterior body. The results showed that the tegument of E. cinetorchis is similar to that of other echinostomes, but differs in the number and arrangement of collar spines, shape and distribution of tegumenal spines, and type and distribution of sensory papillae.     

Tegumental ultrastructures of Echinoparyphium recurvatum according to developmental stages

The present study was performed to observe tegumental ultrastructure of Echinoparyphium recurvatum according to developmental stages. Worms (1, 3, 5 and 15-day old) were recovered from chicks experimentally infected with metacercariae from Radix auricularia coreana. One-day old worms were elongated and ventrally concave, and covered with peg-like tegumental spines except the adjacent areas of the head crown and excretory pore. Type I sensory papillae were distributed on the lip of the oral sucker, and grouped ciliated papillae were around the oral sucker. Peg-like tegumental spines were densely distributed on the anterior surface of the ventral sucker level. The ventral sucker had an aspinous tegument and no sensory papillae. Tegumental spines on the posterior surface of the ventral sucker level were sparsely distributed and disappeared posteriorly. In 3 and 5-day old worms, the tegument around the oral sucker was aspinose and wrinkled concentrically. The ventral sucker had a wrinkled tegument and many bulbous papillae. Type I sensory papillae were distributed between the bulbous papillae. Tegumental spines were spade-shaped with a terminal tip. A total of 45 collar spines including 4 end group ones on both ventral corners was alternately arranged in 2 rows. The 15-day old worms were very stout and their tegumental spines were tongue-shaped without a terminal tip. From the above results, it is confirmed that the surface ultrastructure of E. recurvatum was generally similar to that of other echinostomatid flukes. However, some features, i.e., morphological change of tegumental spines and appearance of sensory papillae on the ventral sucker according to development, and number, shape and arrangement of collar spines, were characteristic, which may be of taxonomic and bioecological significance.     

Ciliated sensory receptors of the unactivated metacestode of Hymenolepis microstoma

The fine structure of the ciliated sensory endings of the unactivated metacestode of Hymenolepis microstoma is described. The type I sensilla, localized in areas of the scolex and sucker tegument, are characterized by a long cilium (1.20 × 0.20 μ) embedded in a bulb containing two electron-dense collars and three to five mitochondria. The type II sensilla, located in tegumentary pits of the rostellum, are characterized by a short cilium (0.62 × 0.28 μ) possessing ciliary rootlets, embedded in a bulb containing a single electron-dense collar and one to three mitochondria. Both sensory cilia are characterized by a 9 + 6 + 1 microtubular substructure. The sensory bulbs contain large numbers of membrane bound electron-lucent vesicles; neurotubules are absent at this stage of development.     

日本血吸虫胞蚴期超微结构的初步观察

本文用扫描与透射电镜观察了我国大陆品系37日和45日龄日本血吸虫母胞蚴及其体内未成熟子胞蚴体被的结构。同时观察了取自螺肝组织的62日龄成熟子胞蚴。初次揭示日本血吸虫胞蚴期体被的超微结构,基本上与曼氏血吸虫胞蚴期相似。日本血吸虫母胞蚴和成熟子胞蚴除体被无体棘外,其他很相似。比较未成熟的子胞蚴与未成熟的尾蚴,揭示外质膜由两层结构构成;随后,外层结构溶化消失,而同时出现微绒毛。构成这样母子二代胞蚴及其体内胚胎既相同又有差别,认为与幼虫寄生部位及生殖生理状态有关。     

Schistosoma mansoni Annexin 2: Molecular characterization and immunolocalization

We here describe the cloning and characterization of the Schistosoma mansoni Annexin 2, previously identified in the tegument by proteomic studies, and as an up-regulated gene in schistosomulum stage by microarray data. In silico analysis predicts a conserved core containing four repeat domains of Annexin (ANX) and a variable N-terminal region similar to that described for mammalian isoforms. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis determined that S. mansoni Annexin 2 is significantly up-regulated in the transition from free-living cercaria to schistosomulum and adult worm parasitic stages. Immunolocalization experiments and tegument membrane preparations confirmed Annexin 2 as a protein mainly localized in the tegument of schistosomula and adult worms. Furthermore, it binds to the tegument surface membranes in a calcium-dependent manner. These results suggest that S. mansoni Annexin 2 is closely associated to the tegument arrangement, being a potential target for immune intervention.     

Topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Bucephalus anguillae (Digenea: Bucephalidae), a parasite of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Osteichthyen: Anguillidae)

The tegumental ultrastructure of the intestinal fluke Bucephalus anguillae was studied with the use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The surface of the tegument is covered by transverse ridges from which protrude numerous closely packed, digitated, and claw-shaped spines. Cobblestone-like units of the tegument were observed on the crescent-shaped formation of the rhynchus and at the posterior part of the body. Three types of sensory structures were examined, i.e., 2 uniciliated receptors and 1 without cilia. As anterior-posterior differences were observed, particular attention was given to spines and sensory receptors. Spine insertion zones and average cilia length are variable between anterior and posterior tegument areas. Ultrastructural study revealed that the tegument of B. anguillae has a typical syncytial organization with a distal cytoplasm lying over a basal matrix and cytons below. Cytoplasmic bridges allowed transit of secretory vesicles and granules. Diagrams of spines and sensory receptors were made to help in understanding the nature of these structures.     

Ultrastructural observations on the tegument and associated structures of the monogenean Cichlidogyrus halli typicus (Price & Kirk, 1967) Paperna, 1979.

The tegument of the ancyrocephaline monogenean gill parasite Cichlidogyrus halli typicus is basically similar to that of other monogeneans. However, there are some tegumental features shared with relatively few other monogeneans, namely the presence in the surface tegument of extensive regions of homogeneous granular cytoplasm, a close association between myofibres and the basal region of the tegument and the production of two different tegumental secretory bodies by the same cyton. It is suggested that the regions of homogeneous granular cytoplasm found in the troughs between the circular muscle fibres provide some kind of support for the tegument, perhaps related to contraction of the tegumental circular muscle fibres and body shape changes. Three kinds of transtegumental sensory structures are recognized, namely a uniciliated bulb, a bulb bearing a non-ciliary process and a non-ciliated bulb. The latter two kinds are reported for the first time in monogenans. Possible functions of these sensory structures are discussed.     

Surface ultrastructure of the tegument of Clonorchis sinensis newly excysted juveniles and adult worms.

The tegumental structures of newly excysted juveniles and adult worms of Clonorchis sinensis were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. After excystation the juvenile's tegumental surface is characterized by knoblike protuberances and is armed almost entirely with numerous rows of small spines encircling the body. These spines are double- or triple-pointed on the anterior portion of the body and become single-pointed posteriorly. Four types of presumed sensory structures were observed as follow: A) ciliated knoblike papillae and B) nonciliated platelike papillae, both of which are arranged in rougly a bilaterally symmetrical pattern dorsally, ventrally, and laterally; C) rounded swellings of nonciliated papillae on the lips of the ventral and oral suckers, which are characterized in the transmission electron microscope by a rounded dense body in the apical bulb; and D) a sensory receptor with a bulbous projection having the appearance of a modified cilium, which was not found with SEM likely owing to its being enclosed by an extension of the tegument. In full-grown adult worms, the tegumental surface is knobbed or lobulated in various forms without surface spines. The tegumental structures in the adults appear to be clearly differentiated from those in the juveniles. Upraised, buttonlike papillae, each topped by a short cilium, which are similar to the Type A papillae in the juveniles, are distributed thickly around the oral and ventral suckers, and are rather randomly scattered over the remainder of the body. Some nonciliated swollen papillae were found on the lip of the ventral sucker.     

中国北方15种革螨的季节数量变动

作者曾在吉林省西部草原和甘肃省甘南高原调查了革螨的季节数量变动,本文报道的１５种革螨指数均为夏季最高,春,秋二季较低。