触珠蛋白在家兔肠系膜上动脉闭塞性休克前后血清差异表达的研究

目的:探讨家兔肠系膜上动脉闭塞性(SMAO)休克前后血清蛋白质组学变化及触珠蛋白的差异表达情况。方法:应用家兔肠系膜上动脉夹闭法复制家兔SMAO休克模型,在此基础上通过双向电泳-质谱-生物信息学方法分析鉴定SMAO休克前后血清中的差异蛋白,并应用Western blot和Elisa对血清触珠蛋白在SMAO休克前后血清中的差异表达情况进行验证。结果:在家兔SMAO休克前后血清双向电泳图谱中发现19个差异蛋白点,其中11个蛋白质点只见于SMAO休克后血清双向电泳图中;8个蛋白质点明显见于SMAO休克前的血清双向电泳图中。鉴定并验证了触珠蛋白在SMAO休克后血清中含量增高。结论:家兔SMAO休克后血清触珠蛋白含量增高,可能参与了SMAO休克后机体的代偿调节。     

乳腺珠蛋白研究及应用进展

乳腺珠蛋白是近年发现的一个具有乳腺组织特异性的分泌型蛋白,因其在乳腺癌中高度表达的特异性,而被公认为一种新型肿瘤标志物,在乳腺癌诊断、预后及治疗方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

胞红蛋白结构、功能及相关机制

胞红蛋白(Cygb)是一种血红素蛋白,属于珠蛋白家族中的一员.Cygb主要在纤维母细胞、心肌细胞及血管平滑肌细胞中表达,其主要生理功能还不清楚.据文献报道,胞红蛋白可储存氧、去除活性氧毒性、参与胶原合成、代谢一氧化氮、抗纤维化、调控基因表达、转导信号、抗肿瘤、调节血压.本文重点对胞红蛋白的结构特性,主要功能及作用机制展开论述,并介绍了胞红蛋白与疾病的关系,以期为今后的研究提供理论基础.     

γ-珠蛋白基因表达调控机制与临床应用

成人体内的血红蛋白是由2个 α-珠蛋白和2个β-珠蛋白组成的四聚体,负责氧气的运输。珠蛋白基因在基因组中成簇分布,其表达受到多种顺式作用元件和反式作用因子的共同调控,具有高度的组织特异性和发育时序性。β-地中海贫血和镰刀型细胞贫血是两种最常见的由于β-珠蛋白基因突变引起的常染色体隐性遗传病。γ-珠蛋白是一种主要在胎儿时期表达的类β-珠蛋白,同样具有载氧功能,但编码该蛋白的基因在上述贫血患者中却保持完好。因此,临床上优选的治疗方案之一是重新激活患者体内沉默的γ-珠蛋白基因的表达来弥补缺损的β-珠蛋白,从而缓解临床症状。目前已有多种能提高γ-珠蛋白基因表达的药物,在临床上用于治疗β-地中海贫血和镰刀型细胞贫血。随着基因组编辑技术的发展,针对这两种贫血的精准基因治疗研究也在进行中。本文着重介绍了参与γ-珠蛋白基因调控的转录因子和表观遗传修饰分子,以及目前相关的β-地中海贫血和镰刀型细胞贫血的临床治疗药物和手段,以期为深入阐明γ-珠蛋白基因的转录表达分子调控机制提供参考。     

双向电泳-质谱技术寻找维吾尔族高尿酸血症差异蛋白

目的:寻找维吾尔族高尿酸血症血清差异蛋白,从而为进一步探索其发病机制奠定基础.方法:运用双向凝胶电泳(2-dimentional gel electrophoresis,2-DE)和基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spetrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)对维吾尔族高尿酸血症人群和对照组人群血清进行差异蛋白质研究.结果:差异表达蛋白质点数为11个,质谱成功鉴定出4个差异蛋白质,分别是补体C3、触珠蛋白、补体C4和载脂蛋白A1,均呈上调表达.结论:初步发现补体C3、触珠蛋白、补体C4、载脂蛋白L1在维吾尔族高尿酸血症组明显高于正常对照组人群(P＜0.05),但结果有待运用其他生物学的方法进行验证并探索其机制.     

家兔肠系膜上动脉闭塞性休克前后的血清比较蛋白质组学初步研究

目的：探讨家兔肠系膜上动脉闭塞性（SMAO）休克前后血清蛋白质组学变化及其在SMAO休克发生中的作用。方法：应用家兔肠系膜上动脉夹闭法复制家兔SMAO休克模型,在此基础上通过双向电泳分离家兔SMAO休克前后血清中的蛋白,找出凝胶上的差异蛋白点,用基质辅助激光解吸/电离串联飞行时间质谱技术进行鉴定,并通过生物信息学对差异蛋白的功能进行分析。结果：在家兔SMAO休克前后血清双向电泳图谱中发现19个差异蛋白点,其中11个蛋白质点在SMAO休克后血清中表达明显上调;8个蛋白质点在SMAO休克后血清中表达明显下调。从中选取4个差异最明显的点经基质辅助激光解吸/电离串联飞行和数据库搜索共鉴定出符合条件的2个差异蛋白点,为对氧磷酶和触珠蛋白,均在SMAO休克后血清中含量增高。结论：家兔SMAO休克前后血清蛋白质组会发生明显变化,对氧磷酶和触珠蛋白可能参与了SMAO休克后机体的代偿调节。     

ALA-PDT联合微波治疗尖锐湿疣的疗效与结合珠蛋白、Ki-67的表达

为探讨氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法(ALA-PDT)联合微波治疗尖锐湿疣的临床疗效及结合珠蛋白、Ki-67蛋白的表达对疗效的影响。本研究选取在我院(2014年4月~2016年4月)收治的200例尖锐湿疣患者,其中100例采用ALA-PDT联合微波治疗(联合组)、100例患者单独采用ALA-PDT技术治疗(对照组),对比两组临床疗效;采用免疫组化SP法检测联合组患者治疗前皮损组织中结合珠蛋白、Ki-67蛋白的表达,并选取40例包皮环切组织作为正常组进行对比。联合组的治愈率79.00%、复发率15.85%,对照组的治愈率66.00%、复发率33.33%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(p0.05);尖锐湿疣患者的Ki-67蛋白阳性表达、结合珠蛋白阳性表达患者的治愈率分别为56.92%、73.97%均低于Ki-67蛋白阴性表达、结合珠蛋白阴性表达患者的91.43%、92.59%,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05);尖锐湿疣患者的Ki-67蛋白阳性表达、结合珠蛋白阳性表达患者的复发率分别为35.14%、24.07%均高于Ki-67蛋白阴性表达、结合珠蛋白阴性表达患者的6.25%、8.00%,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。ALA-PDT联合微波治疗尖锐湿疣的效果优于单纯使用ALA-PDT的效果,尖锐湿疣皮损组织中结合珠蛋白、Ki-67蛋白阳性表达将降低患者的治愈率及提高复发率。     

羟基脲诱导前后HEL细胞内GATA转录因子与人β—类珠蛋白基因调控元件的结合模式分析

HEL细胞是一株人红白血病细胞株,其中成年型β-珠蛋白基因不能表达。我们以往的试验证明,羟基脲诱导以后,能使HEL细胞内成年型β-珠蛋白基因表达。本文以此为模型,探索了β-珠蛋白基因在HEL细胞内诱导表达的分子机制。结果表明,羟基脲诱导之后,与人β-珠蛋白基因5’远侧端DNaseⅠ超敏感点2核心DNA序列以及近侧端启动子DNA序列相结合的GATA-1蛋白因子量明显增多,而GATA-2蛋白因子量明显减少。结果显示,GATA蛋白家族各成员在HEL细胞分化及珠蛋白基因表达的过程中扮演着不同的角色。推测GATA-1可能有促进β-珠蛋白基因的表达,使HEL细胞趋向终末分化的作用,GATA-2则可能与胚胎型珠蛋白基因表达有关,并有抑制红细胞向终末分化的功能。     

子宫珠蛋白的结构与功能

子宫珠蛋白(UG)是类固醇激素诱导的、进化保守的多功能蛋白,从其基因结构、蛋白质结构、分布调节、合成的机制及其功能等方面来看,UG通过其假定受体介导自分泌和旁分泌途径发挥作用,它可能属于细胞因子/趋化因子家族,关于UG结构、调节和功能的阐明将为揭示人类一般疾病、探索胚胎植入奥秘以及研究肿瘤发生机制提供新的认识.     

触珠蛋白电泳图谱的神经网络分型

１２０例人血清触珠蛋白的电泳图谱经数字化图像扫描,用神经网络进行分型。着重分析了影响带型识别的电泳因素。为提高网络的识别能力,将图谱按几种不同的方法进行数字化加工,得到了９４％的正确识别率。     

Identification of haptoglobin in chicken serum and specificity of the chicken haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex formation.

1. The presence of haptoglobin in chicken serum has been demonstrated by three different techniques: gel filtration, cellulose acetate electrophoresis and fluorescence quenching. 2. Chicken haptoglobin shows a narrow species specificity; it binds only avian and reptilian but not mammalian hemoglobins. 3. Haptoglobin seems to have been subjected to profound changes during the course of evolution.     

Haptoglobin and the inflammatory and oxidative status in experimental diabetic rats: antioxidant role of haptoglobin

Haptoglobin is a hemoglobin-binding acute-phase protein which possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. In this study, we investigated changes in protein expression of rat haptoglobin under diabetes-related inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions induced by an i.p. injection of streptozotocin. The progress of diabetes during an 8-week follow-up period was associated with the increased presence of haptoglobin in the serum and in the liver. This increase was most prominent during the first 2 weeks after which it started to decline. Temporary changes in haptoglobin expression strongly correlated with the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Lower haptoglobin expression at the fourth week and thereafter correlated with a decrease in TNF-α concentration and changes in the TNF-α/IL-6 ratio. Based on the decrease of GSH/GSSG ratio and antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver until the end of fourth week, it was concluded that the liver was exposed to oxidative stress and injury which in the presence of the abovementioned inflammatory mediators lead to different haptoglobin expression profiles at different stages of diabetes. An inverse correlation was observed between the haptoglobin and free iron serum levels in diabetic rats. The higher levels of haptoglobin during the first 2 weeks were accompanied by a lower level of free iron. In view of the established function of haptoglobin, we discuss its possible role in decreasing oxidative stress during the early stage of diabetes.     

Fluorescent probe studies of haptoglobin type 2-1.

Haptoglobin is an alpha2 serum protein that forms an irreversible complex with hemoglobin. The combination between these two macromolecules resembles the binding of an antigen to its antibody except that the complex remains soluble. This investigation was undertaken to determine the nature of the hydrophobic sites on haptoglobin type 2-1. The interaction of 1-anilinonphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) with haptoglobin type 2-1 is characterized by a flourescence intensity in solutions containing ANS and haptoglobin as the pH is decreased from 9 to 4. The dissociation constant for the ANS interaction with haptoglobin 2-1 is 5.8 x 10--5 M at pH 7.0, 5.2 X 10--5 M at pH 5.0 AND 30.3 X 10--5 M at pH 4.0. Fmax shows no change in the pH range 6-9 but does show an increase at pH 4.0 when compared to the neutral region.     

A genome-wide association study identifies rs2000999 as a strong genetic determinant of circulating haptoglobin levels

Haptoglobin is an acute phase inflammatory marker. Its main function is to bind hemoglobin released from erythrocytes to aid its elimination, and thereby haptoglobin prevents the generation of reactive oxygen species in the blood. Haptoglobin levels have been repeatedly associated with a variety of inflammation-linked infectious and non-infectious diseases, including malaria, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C, diabetes, carotid atherosclerosis, and acute myocardial infarction. However, a comprehensive genetic assessment of the inter-individual variability of circulating haptoglobin levels has not been conducted so far.We used a genome-wide association study initially conducted in 631 French children followed by a replication in three additional European sample sets and we identified a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs2000999 located in the Haptoglobin gene (HP) as a strong genetic predictor of circulating Haptoglobin levels (P(overall) = 8.1 × 10(-59)), explaining 45.4% of its genetic variability (11.8% of Hp global variance). The functional relevance of rs2000999 was further demonstrated by its specific association with HP mRNA levels (β = 0.23 ± 0.08, P = 0.007). Finally, SNP rs2000999 was associated with decreased total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 8,789 European children (P(total cholesterol) = 0.002 and P(LDL) = 0.0008).Given the central position of haptoglobin in many inflammation-related metabolic pathways, the relevance of rs2000999 genotyping when evaluating haptoglobin concentration should be further investigated in order to improve its diagnostic/therapeutic and/or prevention impact.     

Haptoglobin release by human adipose tissue in primary culture

Haptoglobin is a putative adiposity marker because its concentration in blood is increased in obese humans. The present studies examined haptoglobin release by explants of adipose tissue in primary culture. Haptoglobin was released by explants of human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue at a nearly linear rate over 48 h. Explants of visceral adipose tissue released more haptoglobin than did explants of subcutaneous adipose tissue. The release of haptoglobin was quite variable, but there was a close correlation between haptoglobin release by visceral adipose tissue and that by explants of subcutaneous tissue from the same individual. Dexamethasone and niflumic acid, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, both inhibited haptoglobin release. There was release of haptoglobin by both isolated adipocytes and the adipose tissue matrix remaining after collagenase digestion of human adipose tissue. However, the amount of haptoglobin released by human adipose tissue explants in primary culture was quite low in relationship to the circulating level of haptoglobin.     

Quantitative determination of haptoglobin glycoform variants in psoriasis

Haptoglobin is an acute phase glycoprotein, secreted by hepatocytes and other types of cells including keratinocytes. Haptoglobin has been suggested to impair the immune response, inhibit gelatinases in the extracellular matrix and promote angiogenesis, but its role in psoriasis is obscure to date. Changes in haptoglobin glycan structure were observed in several diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether haptoglobin displays glycan variations in psoriasis. We found that the pattern of plasma haptoglobin glycoforms, following two-dimensional electrophoresis, exhibited significant quantitative differences in spot intensities between patients and controls. Quantitative and qualitative differences in glycan mass, between patients and controls, were found by mass spectrometry of glycopeptides from tryptic digests of protein isolated from both patients and controls. The number of distinct fucosylated glycoforms of peptides NLFLNHSENATAK and MVSHHNLTTGATLINEQWLLTTAK was higher in patients than in controls, but no fucosylated glycan was detected on peptide VVLHPNYSQ-VDIGLIK in either case. The number of peptides with distinct triantennary and tetraantennary glycans was higher in patients than in controls. Abundance or structure of specific glycans, which are present in haptoglobin from patients and are different or missing in normal haptoglobin, might be associated with disease activity.     

Serum haptoglobin type and liver cirrhosis.

Haptoglobin phenotypes were studied by a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on 200 blood donors and 105 patients with liver cirrhosis, of which 79% belonged to non-alcoholic etiology. Though no difference of haptoglobin types could be found between blood donors with positive and negative hepatitis B antigen, the cirrhois patients had an excess haptoglobin gene 1. The patients with haptoglobin gene 1 were associated with severe liver dysfunction. Since the family pedigrees of the patients with type 1--1 excluded individuals with type 2--2, the phenotypes seemed to be stable in the cirrhotic process. The possibility that the haptoglobin 2 gene offered resistence to the non-alcoholic cirrhosis was discussed.     

Haemoglobin binding with haptoglobin. Unequivocal demonstration that the beta-chains of human haemoglobin bind to haptoglobin.

Haptoglobin binding to haemoglobin and its isolated alpha- and beta-chains was studied by use of a highly sensitive solid-phase radiometric assay. As expected, adsorbents of haemoglobin bound 125I-labelled haptoglobin more efficiently than did adsorbents of the alpha-chain. However, unexpectedly, adsorbents of the beta-chain were found to be essentially identical with those of the alpha-chain in their ability to bind haptoglobin. These results demonstrate, unequivocally, the ability of beta-chains to bind to haptoglobin, and indicate that this assay is particularly convenient and useful for studying haptoglobin interactions with haemoglobin and its alpha- and beta-chains.     

Baseline haptoglobin concentrations are repeatable and predictive of certain aspects of a subsequent experimentally-induced inflammatory response

Ecologists sometimes assume immunological indices reflect fundamental attributes of individuals-an important assumption if an index is to be interpreted in an evolutionary context since among-individual variation drives natural selection. Yet the extent to which individuals vary over different timescales is poorly understood. Haptoglobin, an acute phase protein, is an interesting parameter for studying variability as it is easily quantified and concentrations vary widely due to the molecule's role in inflammation, infection and trauma. We quantified haptoglobin in pigeon plasma samples collected over fourteen months and calculated repeatability to evaluate if haptoglobin concentration is a distinctive trait of individuals. We also explored the capacity of baseline haptoglobin concentrations to predict an array of physiological changes associated with a subsequent experimentally-induced inflammatory response. Maximum repeatability, which occurred over a short mid-winter interval, equaled 0.57. Baseline haptoglobin concentrations predicted response haptoglobin concentrations better than any other endotoxin-induced change. Overall, we identified several strengths and limitations of baseline [Hp] quantification. Acknowledging these qualities should lead to more refined conclusions in studies of the ecology and evolution of immune function.