硝普钠灌注对移植小肠粘膜细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探讨外源性一氧化氮（nitricoxide,NO）供体硝普钠（sodiumnitroprusside,SNP）对移植小肠粘膜细胞凋亡的影响。方法：64只220-300g雄性SD大鼠随机分成3组：A1组（n=8）,仅行剖腹关腹手术;A2组（n=12）：12对大鼠随机作为供受体行同种异体节段小肠移植,无SNP干预;A3组（n=16）：16对大鼠随机作为供受体行同种异体节段小肠移植,SNP加入灌注液进行供肠灌注。采用前述3。组动物模型再灌注5小时肠造口标本,TUNEL法检测小肠蜡块标本的细胞凋亡情况。结果：与A1组（3．86±4．74％）相比,A2（22．44±10．94％）、A3组（17．12±8．44％）小肠粘膜的细胞凋亡指数均有显著增高（P〈0．05）,A3组较A2组细胞凋亡指数显著降低（P〈0．05）。结论：小肠移植导致小肠粘膜细胞凋亡增加,外源性NO供体SNP灌注能够显著降低植入小肠的细胞凋亡,从而可能减弱粘膜屏障的损伤。     

细胞色素c在后处理抗大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤细胞凋亡中的变化

本文旨在研究细胞色素c在后处理抗大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤细胞凋亡中的变化。将Sprague-Dawley大鼠32只随机分为4组(n=8):假手术(Sham)组、缺血-再灌注(I/R)组、缺血预处理(IPC)组、缺血后处理(IPOST)组。应用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜检测各组大鼠肠黏膜细胞线粒体跨膜电位的变化。用Western blot方法检测肠黏膜细胞线粒体内细胞色素c及caspase-3表达的变化。末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)和DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法检测大鼠肠黏膜细胞凋亡发生情况。实验结果显示,与缺血-再灌注组相比,缺血后处理组大鼠肠黏膜细胞线粒体跨膜电位显著升高(P0.05),线粒体内细胞色素c蛋白表达水平显著增加(P0.05),caspase-3蛋白表达降低(P0.05),细胞凋亡率明显降低(P0.05)。缺血后处理组与缺血预处理组相比各项指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。上述结果提示缺血后处理可通过阻止线粒体释放细胞色素c抑制凋亡发生,减轻大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤。     

双歧杆菌对新生大鼠坏死性小肠结肠炎肠损伤及肠细胞凋亡影响

目的探讨添加双歧杆菌对新生鼠坏死性小肠结肠炎(necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC)模型肠损伤的保护作用。方法 32只新生SD大鼠按析因设计随机分成4组,每组动物8只。A1B1组为NEC模型组并添加双歧杆菌(109CFU/d),A1B2组为NEC模型组,但未添加双歧杆菌;A2B1组为对照组并添加双歧杆菌(109CFU/d),A2B2组为对照组,且未添加双歧杆菌。在出生48 h开始给予鼠配方奶人工喂养,100%氮气缺氧90 s,4℃冷刺激10 min,每天2次,连续3 d,建立新生大鼠NEC模型;在最后1次缺氧、冷刺激后24 h空腹断头处死小鼠,解剖留取十二指肠下端至直肠上端肠道组织,其中,回盲部近端肠管进行病理学检查及肠损伤评分,组织学评分≥2为NEC,其余肠管进行肠细胞凋亡率检测及电镜观察。采用流式细胞仪检测肠细胞凋亡率。SPSS 11.0统计学软件进行统计分析,α=0.05为显著性检验标准。结果造模后,A1B1组、A1B2组相继出现腹泻、腹胀、生长发育减慢和活动度减少,显微镜下可见肠黏膜坏死、黏膜下层出血以及肌肉层坏死等肠损伤表现,透射电镜显示肠黏膜出现大量凋亡细胞,形成凋亡小体,但A1B1组程度较轻。A1B1、A1B2、A2B1和A2B24组肠损伤组织病理评分(x±s)分别为2.04±0.52、3.38±0.55、0.33±0.36和0.38±0.33,肠细胞凋亡率分别为(23.97±10.48)%、(47.28±21.98)%、(11.42±4.75)%和(12.16±4.95)%;各组间肠损伤组织评分、肠细胞凋亡率差异有显著统计学意义(H分别为26.657、20.916,P均0.01);与A1B2组相比,A1B1组新生鼠肠损伤组织评分、肠细胞凋亡率均明显降低,但仍高于A2B1、A2B22个对照组(P均0.01);肠组织损伤评分值、肠细胞凋亡率均受到NEC造模和添加双歧杆菌两个因素的影响,NEC造模与补充双歧杆菌之间均存在交互作用。结论添加双歧杆菌可以降低新生鼠NEC肠损伤程度,可能通过抑制肠上皮细胞凋亡,从而降低新生大鼠发生NEC危险性。     

胸腺内注射供体BMSCs对同种异体腹部皮瓣移植排斥的影响

目的:将供体骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)胸腺内注射(intrathymic injection,IT)至受体胸腺,探讨其对同种异体腹部皮瓣移植排斥的影响及机制。方法:全骨髓贴壁培养法培养并纯化BN大鼠BMSCs,流式细胞术对其表型进行鉴定。受体Lewis鼠随机分为A组(空白对照组)、B组(BMSCs组)、C组(60Coγ射线4Gy全身照射组)、D组(全身照射+BMSCs组),每组6只。各组大鼠第0天进行同种异体腹部皮瓣移植,A组移植前14天IT PBS,B组移植前14天IT供体BMSCs,C组移植前15天给予60Coγ射线4Gy全身照射,移植前14天IT PBS,D组除移植前15天4Gy全身照射外,移植前14天IT供体BMSCs。大体观察移植皮瓣存活情况并绘制生存曲线,排斥终点流式检测脾细胞调节性T细胞(Treg)比例变化,体外混合淋巴细胞反应检测受体脾淋巴细胞对供体抗原反应性变化。结果:全骨髓贴壁培养法能够很好培养出BMSCs,其P3代流式细胞术表型鉴定结果为CD11b/c、CD45阴性,CD29、CD90阳性。B组的移植皮瓣存活时间与A组相比无明显差异(P>0.05),而D组的移植皮瓣平均存活时间较C组延长3.4天,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),脾细胞Treg比例显著增高(P<0.01),脾淋巴细胞对供体抗原反应性显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:IT供体BMSCs联合60Coγ射线4Gy全身照射通过上调受体脾细胞Treg比例能有效降低受体脾淋巴细胞对供体抗原的反应性,显著延长同种异体腹部皮瓣移植物存活时间。     

环孢素A对大鼠肺缺血/再灌注损伤中细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨线粒体膜通透性转换孔(MPTP)抑制剂——环孢素A(CsA)对大鼠肺常温缺血/再灌注后细胞凋亡的影响。方法:健康SD大鼠30只,随机分为3组(n=10):假手术组、缺血/再灌注组(I/R组)和环孢素A干预组(CsA组)。复制在体肺缺血/再灌注损伤模型。采用原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测肺组织细胞凋亡,免疫组化技术检测肺组织细胞细胞色素C(CytC)的含量,以及分光光度计测定肺组织细胞caspase-3的活性。结果:I/R组肺组织细胞胞浆CytC的含量、caspase-3活性明显高于假手术组(P0.01),并观察到大量肺组织细胞凋亡的发生。CsA组与I/R组相比,CytC释放明显减少(P0.01),caspase-3活性减弱,细胞凋亡的发生率明显下降(P0.01)。结论:环孢素A可能通过抑制MPTP开放,减少缺血/再灌注后线粒体CytC的释放,从而减少肺组织细胞的凋亡。     

钙敏感受体在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡中的作用

目的:评价钙敏感受体在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡中的作用。方法:健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠60只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法分为3组(n=20):假手术组(S组)、脑缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和钙敏感受体拮抗剂组(N组)。I/R组和N组采用线栓法经左侧颈外-颈内动脉插线制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,于脑缺血前10 min尾静脉注射等容量二甲基亚砜和钙敏感受体拮抗剂NPS-89636 1 mg/kg。于再灌注24 h时行神经功能评分,随后处死大鼠取脑组织,测定MDA含量和SOD活性,采用TUNEL法观察神经细胞凋亡情况,计算神经细胞凋亡指数,免疫组化法检测Caspase-3阳性细胞的表达,Western blot法检测Caspase-3蛋白的表达。结果:I/R组和N组MDA含量、神经细胞凋亡指数、Caspase-3阳性细胞和Caspase-3蛋白表达水平高于S组,神经功能评分和SOD活性低于S组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);N组MDA含量、神经细胞凋亡指数、Caspase-3阳性细胞和Caspase-3蛋白表达水平低于I/R组,神经功能评分和SOD活性高于I/R组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:钙敏感受体参与大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤和细胞凋亡的发生。     

胰岛素对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的:观察胰岛素对大鼠肠缺血再灌注后小肠组织损伤的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠40只随机分为4组,每组10只,手术对照组、单纯缺血组、再灌注组、胰岛素干预组。于30min缺血和120min再灌注后,进行组织病理学和生化检测。结果:(1)单纯缺血组肠粘膜损害较手术对照组明显升高(P<0.01),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性无明显变化;(2)再灌注组SOD活性明显降低,与手术对照组和单纯缺血组相比较差异均有显著性(P<0.01);(3)胰岛素组SOD活性与再灌注组相比有明显改善(P<0.01)。结论:肠缺血可以引起肠粘膜损伤,再灌注则可加重这种损伤,胰岛素可以减轻再灌注损伤。     

猪小肠移植术供肠的灌洗和保存

目的探讨围手术期移植小肠灌注和保存的方法。方法切取猪供肠后,采用100 cm左右高度、略加压法,经移植肠血管以15 mL/min左右灌洗速度持续灌注4℃ 3%羟乙基淀粉注射液、4℃生理盐水保存移植肠。移植前对保存的移植小肠进行组织学检查。结果供肠总灌注时间为50.5±10.6 min;冷缺血时间为80.24±24.62min。组织学检查显示移植肠组织学没有明显改变。移植肠存活良好。结论采取上述方法在短时间内可以提供质量良好的供肠。     

山萘酚通过增强Treg细胞免疫抑制功能延长移植物生存时间

目的:探讨应用山萘酚增强Treg细胞免疫抑制功能,从而抑制大鼠移植物排斥反应并改善移植物生存的作用和机制。方法:以Wister大鼠和SD大鼠分别为供、受体,建立同种异体皮肤移植排斥反应动物模型。观察受体老鼠皮肤移植物的情况,记录移植物失功时间(移植物皮片80%面积发生排斥)。RT-PCR检测移植7天后脾细胞、淋巴细胞FOXP3、CTLA-4和IL-10的mRNA水平,用HE染色组织病理学观察术后7天移植皮片的淋巴细胞浸润程度。体外实验T细胞增殖抑制试验加入山萘酚作为对照,观察Treg功能情况。结果:1.山萘酚能增强移植后同种异体移植物的生存时间(DMSO组6.3±0.3天,山萘酚组13.7±0.39天,P<0.01);2.RT-PCR显示山萘酚可增强细胞CTLA-4(对照组9.24±0.17,山萘酚组12.48±0.145,P<0.05)、FOXP3(对照组0.96±0.07,山萘酚组1.41±0.07,P<0.01)和IL-10(对照组0.95±0.12,山萘酚组1.50±0.16,P<0.05)的mRNA水平;3.体外T细胞增殖抑制实验中,山萘酚可增强Treg细胞的免疫抑制功能。结论:在大鼠皮肤移植模型中,山萘酚可延长皮肤移植物的生存时间,提高Treg细胞相关IL-10、FOXP3和CTLA-4的mRNA水平;体外实验中,能抑制效应T细胞的增殖,表明山萘酚在提高移植物生存方面存在一定的价值。     

一氧化氮对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤细胞凋亡和心功能的影响

目的:采取促进或抑制NO的方法,了解在重复可逆性心肌缺血/再灌注所致的心肌顿抑时,血液中一氧化氮(NO)的动态变化与细胞顿抑及心功能的影响.方法:新西兰兔15只,随机分为3组(n=5):对照组、在静脉内注射NO合成底物L-精氨酸为L-Arg组、静脉注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基-精氨酸为L-NNA组.用戊巴比妥钠静脉注射麻醉后,结扎前降支制成心肌缺血/再灌注模型,用电子自旋共振法测定血液中NO含量,同时记录左心室最大上升速率dp/dtmax.将兔心肌缺血10 min,共3次,第1、2次缺血后再灌注10 min,第3次缺血后再灌注120 min.结果:第1次缺血/再灌注5 min时NO升高的顺序依次为L-Arg组最大、对照组次之,而L-NNA组较缺血前降低.而dp/dtmax明显下降的是L-Arg组最大、对照组次之、L-NNA组最小.细胞凋亡指数:L-Arg组最大,对照组次之、L-NNA组最小.结论:再灌注早期NO的大量生成及细胞凋亡参与加重心肌顿抑的过程.     

Exendin-4 对糖尿病脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织中MMP-9 表达的影响

目的:通过观察Exendin-4对糖尿病大鼠脑缺血再灌注后脑梗死体积百分比及脑组织中金属基质蛋白酶-9及基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1的变化,探讨Exendin-4对糖尿病大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用机制。方法:选用SD大鼠,给予链脲佐菌素(streptozocin,STZ)建立糖尿病大鼠模型后,随机分为A组:糖尿病对照组(n=6);B组:模型组(n=6);C组:Exendin-4低剂量组(n=6);D组:Exendin-4中剂量组(n=6);E组:Exendin-4高剂量组(n=6)。常规喂养6周后,A组给予假手术处理,B、C、D及E组采用线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血90 min再灌注模型,24 h后处死大鼠取脑组织,采用2,3,5一氯化三苯四唑(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride,TTC)染色测算脑梗死体积百分比;同时分别采用Western Blot法及RT-PCR测量脑组织中的MMP-9及TIMP-1表达量。结果:脑缺血再灌注能致脑组织中MMP-9及TIMP-1表达量增高,各组与A组比较,有显著差异(P<0.05);给予Exendin-4处理后脑组织中MMP-9及TIMP-1表达增高程度及脑梗死体积百分比明显降低,与B组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:Exendin-4对糖尿病大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制MMP-9及TIMP-1的表达有关。     

菌群失调腹泻造模及七味白术散治疗对小鼠乳糖酶基因13910多态性的影响

目的探讨抗生素及七味白术散对菌群失调腹泻小鼠乳糖酶基因13910位点多态性的影响。方法将36只SPF级小鼠随机分为正常组(12只)、模型组(12只)、七味白术散组(6只)和乳糖酶组(6只),除正常组外的其余小鼠采用混合抗生素造成菌群失调腹泻模型,然后分别灌胃七味白术散和乳糖酶治疗。造模成功和治疗后分别提取小鼠肠道内容物和肠道黏膜宏基因组,对包括小鼠乳糖酶基因13910位点在内的1 036bp长度的DNA片段进行单核苷酸多态性(SNP)测序分析。结果造模和治疗后,小鼠乳糖酶基因13910位点没有发生碱基的变异,均为A/A型,13910位点在内的1 036bp范围内也没有新的SNP位点出现。结论菌群失调腹泻造模与七味白术散治疗对小鼠乳糖酶活性的干预均与小鼠乳糖酶基因13910位点多态性没有相关性,可能存在其他多态性位点或其他方面的调控机制。     

Fertility after ovarian follicular wave synchronization and fixed-time natural mating compared to random natural mating in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)

The objective of the study was to compare the efficiency of two ovarian follicular wave synchronization protocols coupled with fixed-time natural mating with that of random mating in dromedary camels. Dromedaries were assigned randomly to one of the three treatment groups. Group 1 animals (RM; n = 46) were mated randomly. Group 2 camels (1×GnRH-FTM; n = 46) were given a GnRH analog (Buserelin, 20 μg/animal, i.v.; Receptal, Intervet, Holland) at random, then were mated 14 days later. In Group 3 animals (2×GnRH-FTM; n = 41), random GnRH analog was followed by repeated GnRH injection 14 days later and fixed-time natural mating on Day 28. Transrectal examination and ultrasonography were performed at weekly intervals to evaluate ovarian follicular status, diagnose ovulation and pregnancy. Blood samples were collected for progesterone determination by ELISA to confirm ovulation and pregnancy. All female dromedaries were assigned randomly to one of thirteen fertile bulls and were bred once on Days 1, 14 and 28 in Groups 1-3, respectively. Ovarian follicular status and ovulation rate was similar among groups at the start of the study. Seventy-five of the 133 dromedaries (56.4%) ovulated after random natural mating or random GnRH treatment. Mean length of mating was 386 ± 17.8 (±SEM) seconds. There was no significant difference in mating time among groups and in pregnancy rate among dromedary bulls. In Group 3 (2×GnRH-FTM), ovarian follicular status before mating (P < 0.05), ovulation rate (n = 37, 90.2%, P < 0.001) and pregnancy rate at 21 and 60 days (PR 21 days n = 22, 53.7% and PR 60 days n = 19, 46.3%, P < 0.05) were greater compared to random natural mating (Group 1: OR n = 25, 54.3%, PR 21 days n = 13, 28.3% and PR 60 days n = 12, 26.1%). In Group 2 dromedaries (1×GnRH-FTM), treatment tended to improve follicular status before mating, ovulation rate (n = 34, 73.9%) and pregnancy rate at 21 and 60 days (PR 21 days n = 21, 45.7% and PR 60 days n = 16, 34.8%), but the effect was not significant compared to random natural mating. In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating that favorable pregnancy rate can be achieved following ovarian follicular wave synchronization with repeated GnRH analog and fixed-time natural mating at 14 days intervals in dromedary camels.     

瑞舒伐他汀和阿托伐他汀在急性冠脉综合症中对氯吡格雷抗血 小板活性的对比研究

目的：在急性冠脉综合征( acute coronary syndromes, ACS )的治疗中,抗血小板治疗及调脂治疗是最基础的治疗方案。近来 有学者提出,氯吡格雷和他汀类药物都经过细胞色素CYP 3A4 途径代谢,二者因存在竞争性抑制,有可能降低氯吡格雷抗血小板 的活性。本试验将针对阿托伐他汀及瑞舒伐他汀进行研究。方法：选择急性冠脉综合症的患者42 例,所有患者均接受氯吡格雷治 疗（负荷剂量300 mg,维持剂量75 mg/d）。随机分配为A、B 两组,A 组（n=20）服用阿托伐他汀治疗（20 mg/d）,B 组（n=22 服用瑞 舒伐他汀治疗（10 mg/d）。分别于氯吡格雷服用前、服药治疗后3 天、服药治疗后7 天后采静脉血送检,测定ADP（10 滋mol/L）诱导 的血小板聚集率。结果：阿托伐他汀组（A 组）及瑞舒伐他汀组（B 组）相比,服用氯吡格雷前ADP 诱导的血小板聚集率基线值无 统计学差异。服用氯吡格雷3 日及7 日后,ADP诱导的血小板聚集率明显降低,(3.85± 2.58)vs(3.09± 2.27),(0.65± 0.88)vs(1.05± 0.95),P>0.05,无明显统计学差异。结论：氯吡格雷的确可以降低血小板的活性。同时,短期之内氯吡格雷的抗血小板活性未受到 他汀类的影响,包括经过CPY3A4途径的他汀,如阿托伐他汀。     

Regulation of estrus and ovulation in mares with progesterone or progesterone and estradiol biodegradable microspheres with or without PGF2alpha

A single injection of a microsphere preparation, designed to deliver 1.25 gm progesterone and 100 mg estradiol-17beta at a controlled rate, for a duration of 12 to 14 days, produces accurate control of estrus and fertile ovulations in mares. Theatment is followed by PGF(2)alpha injection 14 days after steroid injection. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether estradiol added to the progesterone treatment or PGF(2)alpha administered at the end of the steroid treatment regimen, would improve synchronization of estrus and ovulation. A total of 45 cyclic horse mares was randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups as follows: Group 1 (control, n=9) sterile microsphere vehicle + sterile PGF(2)alpha vehicle 14 days after treatment with microsphere vehicle; Group 2 (n=9) progesterone and estradiol microspheres + PGF(2)alpha 14 days after treatment with microspheres; Group 3 (n=9) progesterone and estradiol microspheres + PGF(2)alpha vehicle 14 days after treatment with microspheres; Group 4 (n=9) progesterone + PGF(2)alpha 14 days after treatment with microspheres; and Group 5 (n=9) progesterone + PGF(2)alpha vehicle 14 days after treatment with microspheres. Addition of estradiol (P<0.05) or PGF(2)alpha (P<0.05) to the treatment regimen increased synchronization efficary by reducing variation in days to ovulation. All treatments significantly reduced variation in days to estrus compared with that of the controls; however, mares in the progesterone groups had an increased incidence of silent or shortened estrous behavior (<- 2 days) following treatment. Estradiol added to the treatment regimen increased (P<0.05) the number of mares with post treatment estrus > 2 days in duration compared with mares treated with progesterone (78 vs 33%, respectively). Therefore, estradiol and PGF(2)alpha each appear to reduce variation in days to ovulation while estradiol seems to promote better expression of posttreatment estrous behavior.     

Conception rates in dairy cows after timed-insemination and simultaneous treatment with gonadotrophin releasing hormone and/or prostaglandin F2 alpha

This study was designed to determine conception rates in dairy cows after timed-insemination and simultaneous treatment with gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) and/or prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha). A total of 2352 cows was randomly assigned to six groups. Cows in Groups 1 to 5 were palpated per rectum to determine the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) on the ovary, and blood samples were obtained for the determination of plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations. Cows with a CL and P4 concentrations >1 ng/ml were treated (Day 0) with PGF2alpha (25 mg, i.m.) and were observed for estrus. Cows in estrus prior to 72 hours after treatment (Group 5, n = 106) were bred, but were not treated. Cows not observed in estrus by 72 hours were divided into four remaining groups, were bred between 72 and 80 hours and were assigned as follows: Cows in Group 1 (n = 203) were not treated; Cows in Group 2 (n = 200) were treated with GnRH (100 ug, i.m.); Cows in Group 3 (n = 201) were treated with PGF2alpha (25 mg, i.m.); and cows in Group 4 (n = 202) were treated with both GnRH and PGF2alpha. Cows in Group 6 (n = 1440) were not treated with PGF2alpha on Day 0 and were estrual cows that were bred on days when cows in Groups 1 to 5 were time-inseminated. The percentage of cows in all groups pregnant at 45 to 50 days after one insemination was compared using analysis of variance (P<0.05). The conception rate of cows in Group 2 was significantly higher than that of cows in Groups 1 to 4. There was a significant group-by-season interaction. Cows treated with GnRH during the spring had a higher conception rate than at other times of the year. Conception rates of cows in Groups 1 to 4 that were inseminated during the summer were low and not significantly different from each other. Conception rates of cows in Groups 5 and 6 inseminated during the summer were not significantly different from each other, but were significantly higher than that of cows in Groups 1 to 4 that were inseminated during the summer.     

百草枯中毒大鼠TNF-α、IL-10 的表达及大黄保护作用的研究

目的:观察大黄对急性百草枯中毒大鼠TNF-α、IL-10的干预作用,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:90只SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组(A组)、PQ(60 mg/kg)灌胃染毒组(B组)、生大黄(300mg/kg.d)干预组(C组),每组30只。中毒后6h、24h、72h分批处死存活的大鼠,并且检测大鼠血浆TNF-α、IL-10水平。结果:B组、C组TNF-α、IL-10水平在染毒后6h开始升高,72h达到高峰,与A组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05、P<0.01),在相同时间点C组TNF-α和IL-10的表达低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。B组、C组血浆TNF-α、IL-10水平与中毒时间呈显著正性相关关系(r=0.849,P<0.01;r=0.790,P<0.01;r=0.0.943,P<0.01;r=0.892,P<0.01)。结论:大黄能够通过降低百草枯中毒大鼠体内的TNF-α、IL-10水平,减轻百草枯对大鼠的损伤作用。     

Effect of repeated injections of GnRH on reproductive parameters in postpartum anestrous dairy cows

To induce cyclicity in dairy cattle with prolonged postpartum anestrous, repeated dosages of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) were administered. Twenty-one (21) Holstein dairy cows and heifers calving between October 1, 1989, and January 1, 1990, at the Louisiana State University Dairy were used in the study. The animals were defined as anestrous if their plasma progesterone remained < 1.0 ng/ml until 32 to 36 days post partum. They were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Group 1 (n=6) received two injections 1 hour apart of a GnRH analogue (50 mug) (i.m.). The treatment was repeated twice weekly at 3- to 4-day intervals. Group 2 controls (n=6) received saline (1 ml, i.m.) on the same schedule as Group 1. A maximum of 12 to 13 treatments were given. Cattle that had plasma progesterone >1.0 ng/ml by 32 to 36 days post partum were identified as Group 3, or cyclic contemporaries (n=9). Postpartum anestrous in the herd was 46.2% (18 39 ). Cows in Group 1 had significantly fewer days to first plasma progesterone > 1.0 ng/ml than those in Group 2 (P < 0.05), but more days than Group 3. Cows in Group 1 also had significantly fewer treatments to induce plasma progesterone > 1.0 ng/ml than those in Group 2 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among treatment groups in the number of days from calving to first observed estrus or the number of days open (P > 0.05).     

Temporal relationship between the onset of oestrus, the preovulatory LH surge and ovulation in farmed fallow deer, Dama dama

A study was conducted to determine the timing of ovulation relative to the onset of oestrus and the preovulatory LH surge in fallow deer. Mature fallow does were randomly allocated to two treatments (N = 10 per treatment) designed to synchronize oestrus on or about 17 May. Does assigned to Group 1 (prostaglandin-induced oestrus) each initially received single intravaginal CIDR [Controlled Internal Drug Release] devices for 13 days followed by an i.m. injection of 750 mg cloprostenol on Day 12 (15 May) of the subsequent luteal cycle. Does assigned to Group 2 (progesterone-induced oestrus) each received CIDR devices for 13 days, with withdrawal occurring on 15 May. All does were run with crayon-harnessed bucks (10:1 ratio) from the start of synchronization (18:00 h 15 May). Ten does (5 per group) were blood sampled via indwelling jugular cannulae every 2 h for 72 h from cloprostenol injection or CIDR device withdrawal and the plasma was analysed for concentrations of progesterone and LH by radioimmunoassay. Does within each treatment were randomly allocated to an ovarian examination time of 12, 16, 20 or 24 h after the onset of oestrus. Laparoscopy was repeated at 12-h intervals until ovulation was recorded. The ovaries of does failing to exhibit oestrus were examined 72 and 86 h after cloprostenol injection or CIDR device withdrawal. A total of 17 does were observed to exhibit oestrus at a mean (+/- s.e.m.) interval from treatment of 44.6 +/- 3.6 h for Group 1 (N = 9) and 34.1 +/- 2.5 h for Group 2 (N = 8).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)