记山西榆社晚新生代鹿科化石两新种

本文记述了山西榆社盆地晚新生代鹿科化石中的两个新种:Eucladoceros proboulei sp.nov.和Procapreolus jinensis sp.nov.,并列出了已鉴定完毕的所有产于榆社盆地晚新生代地层的鹿类动物化石单.     

THE LATE MIOCENE CERVIDAE FROM HOUNAO,YUSHE BASIN, SHANXI

FamilyCervidaeGray.l82lSubfamiIyMuntiaeinaePoe0ck,l923GenusMetaceroulusTeilhardetTramert,l937MetaceroulUBlepidusHu,I962(Pl.I,1-4)MaterialAskullwithbrokenantlers(V9337),twopieces0fmandibIes(v9360).RemarksThespecimensarequitesimilartothetypespecimen0fMetacerbu-luslepidus:skullratherbroadandflattened,pedicleswiththesame1engthandpr0-longatedonthefrontalsbyaridge,thedimensionsandthegeneralappearanceofteetharequitesimilar.Butthefirstbifurcationontheantlersofthespecimen(V-9337)is,broaderandc…     

Paleovegetation and paleoclimate in middle-late Pliocene, Shanxi, central China

Sequences of lacustrine sediments developed in intermontane basins in the middle-eastern Shanxi Plateau of China have been investigated in order to reconstruct the paleovegetation and paleoclimate for the middle-late Pliocene. According to the magnetostratigraphy and the fossil assemblages, the lacustrine sediments of Yushe and Taigu Basins were deposited between 5.5 and 2.5 Ma BP. The Zhangcun and Xiaobai Formations are considered to cover a similar period, ranging from 3.5 to 2.5 Ma BP. An increase of Picea and Abies shows that the climate began to become cold after about 4.4 Ma BP. A cold-wet episode, with relatively warm-dry and warm-humid intervals, occurred between 3.6 and 2.5 Ma BP in the Yushe and Taigu Basins. An increase Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Ephedra shows that the climate became drier after 2.5 Ma BP. The climate changes of this period probably reflect variations of the East Asian winter and summer monsoons, with an increase winter monsoon activity during the early Pleistocene.     

黄土高原三趾马红土的观察(英文)

讨论了黄土高原地区红粘土中脊椎动物化石的考察历史,记录了山西和甘肃"三趾马红土"地点的观察结果。红粘土广泛分布于黄土高原地区,但常被误认为是一个描述性术语,因为其中的许多沉积物既非红色,又不以粘土级颗粒为主。不少红粘土序列中含有古土壤,也含有水成沉积物。此次考察包括榆社盆地的经典地点、灵台任家沟和雷家河,以及庆阳和秦安的一些地点。讨论了在任家沟发现的化石、在玉村新发现的小哺乳动物上新五褶兔( Plio-pentalagus) 和在胡家村观察到的上新世潜穴,后两个地点都位于灵台东北面的庆阳地区。观察结果与晚中新世遍布黄土高原、很可能来自降尘的粘土级颗粒的快速堆积吻合。但在一些区域则以河流或湖泊过程为主,红粘土颗粒部分或全部被水成的粗碎屑沉积物代替,没有找到晚中新世-早上新世干旱化的证据,反而支持高生产力的湿润环境假说。局部富集的脊椎动物化石证明三趾马动物群具有很高的陆生生物量。     

华北上新世-更新世过渡期植被、气候与大气CO_2研究进展

上新世-更新世过渡期是新生代全球气候变化的重要拐点之一,此期气候经历了由"暖室"向"冰室"的转变。研究该气候转型期的特征可为科学界和国家层面应对现在和未来的全球气候变暖提供理论基础和实践指导。通过深入研究中国华北山西榆社盆地张村组上新世-更新世过渡期地层中保存的植物大化石、孢粉以及硅藻组合,为重建该时段陆地生态系统中植被演替和气候变化提供坚实的生物学证据。在综合回顾张村组化石植物研究历史的基础上,侧重介绍最近5年在古植被、古气候、古环境以及古大气CO2浓度重建等方面的最新进展。这些新成果定性及定量地刻画了第三纪-第四纪之交中国北方黄土高原东南缘气候变干、变凉的转型过程及其陆地生态系统中大气CO2浓度先升后降的变化趋势。     

山西榆社晚中新世竹鼠一新种

本文描述了采自山西榆社盆地上第三系竹鼠类化石的一新种。新种与Rhizomys(Brachyrhizomyr)rhanriur相似,但个体较小,臼齿相对狭长,M,保留有连接下次尖和下次脊的齿襞(mure)及短的下中脊。这两种化石竹鼠在榆社的出现,超越了现生竹鼠类分布的北界,说明该科的情况要比以前知道的更为复杂,也表明榆社地区在晚第三纪时比近代湿润。     

村镇土地资源利用优化结构模式研究

土地资源是自然资源的一个重要组成部分 ,也是人类赖以生存的物质基础 ,充分合理地利用自然资源 ,因地制宜地实行专业生产 ,多种经营 ,使农、林、牧、副、渔各业生产因地而异地发展 ,逐步实现区域化、专业化、社会化和商品化 ,对于我们这样一个人口密度大的国家是非常重要的。尤其是随着改革开放、经济建设不断深入发展 ,一些新的社会问题随之产生。在农村乡镇 ,由于缺乏合理规划 ,宅基地和集体基建大量占用良田 ,劳力外流 ,土地资源利用不合理 ,农林牧结构不协调 ,造成耕地减少、质量下降 ,生态环境恶化。在这种情况下 ,对村镇土地资源利用…     

山西榆社上新世沙鼠化石

本文记述了六件短齿假沙鼠(Pseudomeriones abbreviatus abbreviatus)的上下颌骨,并对在庆阳发现的正型标本和国外有关的新材料做了补充记述和讨论。     

贵州玉舍国家森林公园种子植物区系研究

玉舍国家森林公园位于贵州西部的六盘水市水城县南部。根据多年的考察、鉴定、资料整理和统计,有种子植物122科373属923种。通过对该区种子植物属的区系分析结果:有14个分布区类型17个变型。热带分布属105属,占总属数的30.97%,温带分布属223属,占总属数的65.78%。显示了该区温带成分的特性。植物区系成分复杂,起源古老,分布有许多单型属和古老的孑遗植物,共有珍稀植物19种,其中国家一级保护植物2种,国家二级保护植物8种,国家三级保护植物3种,尚未列入保护等级的有6种。     

山西保德印度熊一新种

记述了印度熊一新种,Indarctos zdanskyi。正型标本是保存在一起的相当完好的头骨、下颌和寰椎,采白山西保德赵家沟的三趾马红土层中。新种以个体大,头骨矢状嵴高耸,乳突特别粗大并向外伸展,外耳道很细长,内鼻孔特别窄长,下颌联合后缘接近p4,颊齿相对较小,前臼齿高度退化,P4长于M1,m1前窄后宽,而m2前宽后窄而区别于本属已知各种。     

A NEW GENUS OF CAPRINI (BOVIDAE, ARTIODACTYLA) FROM UPPER PLIOCENE OF YUSHE, SHANSI

<正> In the present paper a new caprine, Sinocapra minor gen. et sp. nov. is erected on the basis of several horn cores. The type specimen was collected by the Sino-American Palaeontology Expedition from the Upper Pliocene, Mazegou Formation, of Yunzhu Subbasin, Yushe Basin, Shansi province in 1988. All the other ones referred to the new genus were described and identified by Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert (1938, p. 53, fig. 46) as Antilope gen. et sp. indet. They also came from Zhaozhuang, Yunzhu Subbasin and it is likely that they might be gathered from the same Formation as the type specimen judging by the yellow sandy clay filling into the horn cores. Magnetostratigraphic studies by Prof. N. Opdyke of the Yunzhu Subbasin indicates that this stratigraphic interval only includes the Gauss one, approximately 3.4 to 2.47 Ma. Accounts of the biostratigraphy and dating of Yunzhu Subbasin are giyen by Dr. R. H. Tedford and Dr. Z. Qiu in another paper.     

山西静乐贺丰上新世的步氏羚羊

重新厘定后,步氏羚羊（Gazellablacki）的主要特征是个体中等大小,脑颅部宽而短,枕面向后突出不明显,枕髁与枕面处在同一平面中,基枕面平,呈方形,具宽浅而长的中纵沟;角心纤细,短而直,从角基向角项方向迅速变尖,基部横切面为次圆形;颊齿高冠,前臼齿列短和p4有封闭的前内谷等。它出现在我国山西上上新统的地层中。依据头骨和颊齿的性状,它可能是现生种G．picticaudata和G．gutturosa的祖先类型。     

中国北方上新世降温事件及其对温度纬度梯度变化的影响

中晚上新世是现代气候形成过程根据在同一地区(剖面)获得的古地磁年代资料,发现山西榆社及河北泥河湾的孢粉资料记录了在松山/高斯极性事件界线附近(约2.5 Ma)的一次明显的降温事件.山西榆社的孢粉资料还记录了在约2.7 Ma-2.8 Ma的一次降温事件.这些降温事件主要是因为全球性气候变化引起的,北极圈附近和西伯利亚的冷高压大大地降低了我国,特别是我国北方的冬季气温.与此同时,位于北极圈附近的阿拉斯加发生了更为强烈的降温事件.比较两地相当时期的降温幅度,可以发现因为不同纬度的降温幅度不同使得温度的纬度变化梯度比降温事件发生前大大增加了,由原来的纬度每增加一度降低约0.3℃增大到约0.5℃.     

稀有植物十齿花群落物种多样性研究

运用样方法对贵州省玉舍国家级森林公园稀有保护植物十齿花(Dipentodon sinicus)群落的物种多样性进行了研究,结果表明：玉舍国家级森林公园十齿花群落以蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、壳斗科、桦木科、山茶科、樟科、忍冬科、山茱萸科等为优势科;10个样地中有8个样地以十齿花种群占绝对优势,其平均重要值高达135.69,远远高于其它种群;十齿花群落乔木层物种丰富度为2.847、Simpson指数为0.601、Shannon-Wiener指数为1.523、种间相遇机率为0.601、均匀度指数为0.569,总体上均小于灌木层(分别为:5.580、0.830、2.377、0.829、0.672),表现为较明显的亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林的物种多样性特征。10个样地中,Q₁的物种多样性程度最高,Q₃次之,Q₅和Q₆最小,多样性程度最低,10个样地的物种多样性排序为Q₁＞Q₃＞Q₉＞Q₇＞Q₂＞Q₄＞Q₁₀＞Q₈＞Q₅＞Q₆。     

“Measure my teeth and you'll know what I ate”: The molar ratio method and an updated interpretation of the diet of Nyctereutes sinensis (Carnivora,Canidae)

The molar ratio method presented by Acta Zoologica (98, 2016, 292) is a valid way to estimate the dietary differences between extant subspecies of the raccoon dog genus, Nyctereutes. Particularly, higher values of the molar ratio implies more omnivous diet than lower ones. With the same technique is possible to infer variations in the diet of extinct species. For the two Plio-Pleistocene fossil species Nyctereutes sinensis and Nyctereutes megamastoides, the authors estimate a more carnivorous diet for the latter in comparison to the former that has much higher values. This fact contrast with the morphological features of these two highly comparable species, often considered as morphotypes of the same species. Thanks to the revision of a large sample of N. sinensis from Chinese localities of the Yushe Basin (Shanxi Province), new scores for this species have been calculated. The results presented here confirms a strong adaptation to an omnivorous diet, as emerged from morphofunctional evidence in recent literature.     

Fruits and seeds of Ruppia (Potamogetonaceae) from the Pliocene of Yushe Basin, Shanxi, northern China and their ecological implications

Numerous fruits and seeds of Ruppia are reported from the Upper Pliocene (2.3–3.5 Myr ago) Zhangcun Formation in Yushe Basin, Shanxi, northern China. They are the first fossil Ruppia from China and demonstrate the importance of fruit and seed fossils in recording genera not represented by fossil leaves. These Ruppia are characterized by possessing a small oval endocarp, smooth endocarp surface, distinct elliptical external depressions, distinct apical mucro, slightly curved seed shape and conspicuous globose hilum. A new species, R. yushensis Zhao, Collinson and Li, is described from these endocarp and seed features. Comparison with the two European Miocene species, R. palaeomaritima Negru and R. maritime-miocenica Szafer, indicates the existence at that time of three different geographical and stratigraphical species. R. yushensis constitutes the first Pliocene record of Ruppia and extends the range of fossils of this genus from Europe to eastern Asia. R. yushensis is the only aquatic plant in the uppermost middle part of the Zhangcun Formation. This monotypic occurrence indicates a brackish, clear, tranquil and shallow lake in this region in the Late Pliocene. The smooth endocarp surface further suggests a warm temperate or temperate palaeoclimate.  © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 145 , 317–329.     

NEOGENE MAMMALIAN BIOSTRATIGRAPHY IN CHINA:PAST,PRESENT,AND FUTURE

INTRODUCTIoNThedevelopmentoftheNeogenebiostratigraphyofChinawasoneoftheearliestgoalsoftheCenozoicResearchLaboratoryoftheGeologicalSurveyofChina,pre-decessoroftoday'sInstituteofVertebratePaleontologyandPaleoanthropologyaVPP).Therationaleforsuchstudies1iesintheuniversalobjectiveofestablishingthenatureandtempooffaunalchangeinaregionandinadjacentregionsthatarelinkedzoogeographically.Eventuallythedataareusedtoincorporatelocaleventsintotheglobalhistoryoffaunalchange.Besidesthisgoal,thereis…     

元谋新第三纪食肉动物化石的初步观察

本文对云南元谋盆地产古猿化石地点的部分食肉类化石进行了初步观察分类,认为它们的时代似应稍晚于禄丰,相当上新世早期,估计距今5-6百万年.     

甘肃灵台雷家河新第三纪晚期的大哺乳动物组合及其时代

讨论的大哺乳动物化石出自甘肃灵台雷家河村东南小石沟[72074(1)、72074(4)]和文王沟(93002)等地的新第三纪晚期地层。它们包括15种,分属8属、9科、4目,可能代表两个不同时代的组合。第一组合所在的地层层位是72074(4)剖面的L5~L3层和72074(1)剖面的第3层,主要由 Hipparion pater、Acerorhinus sp．、Nyctereutes．、 Hyaeninae gen．et sp．indet．和Gazella niheensis等类型组成,其性质与山西榆社高庄组南庄沟段和醋柳沟段产出的大哺乳动物的接近,时代可能为中上新世。第二组合所在的地层层位是72074(1)剖面的第2层,以Anancus sinensis 和Cervidae gen．et sp．indet．为代表,其性质与榆社麻则沟组动物群的相近,时代为晚上新世。     

山西榆社—有角大唇犀

本文记述了产自山西榆社大唇犀属的一个新种——有角大唇犀Ch.(Acerorhinus)cornutum sp.nov. 过去,对大唇犀是否有角虽然也有过种种推测,但缺乏可靠依据,榆社的材料鼻部前端的构造,显示了角的存在。因此,Acerorhinus是大唇犀属三个亚属(Heissig,1975)中,唯一有角的一个亚属。文中还就大唇犀头骨吻部主要肌肉进行了复原,对其功能和生态进行了初步的讨论。