陕西竹子上的蚧虫寄生蜂二新种（膜翅目：跳小蜂科）

报道采自陕西竹子的蚧虫寄生蜂2新种,即寄生白尾安粉蚧Antonina crawi的棒节抑虱跳小蜂Acerophagus clavatus sp.n.和寄生竹半球链蚧Bambusapis hemisphaerica的长尾秀德跳小蜂Pseudectroma longicauda sp.n,对新种进行了详细描述,并附特征图。本文也是抑虱跳小蜂属和秀德跳小蜂属在我国分布的首次记录。标本存放浙江大学植物保护系。     

湿地松粉蚧两种外引跳小蜂形态特征初步观察

简单介绍了从湿地松粉蚧原产地美国引进的两种寄生蜂——火炬松短索跳小蜂（松粉蚧抑虱跳小蜂）Acerophagus coccois Smith、迪氏跳小蜂Zarhopalus debarri Sun的形态特征。认识这一特征有助于林间调查寄生蜂种群鉴定与引进蜂控制作用的评价。     

中国花翅跳小蜂族二新种(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

记述采自辽宁沈阳和大连的跳小蜂2新种,即丽柄虱克跳小蜂Aschitus scapus Xu,sp.nov.和短颊赛诺跳小蜂Xenoencyrtus brevimalarus Xu,sp.nov..虱克跳小蜂属Aschitus Mercet和赛诺跳小蜂属Xenoencyrtus Riek为我国新纪录属.     

艾菲跳小蜂族三中国新记录属三新种(膜翅目:跳小蜂科)

报道采自辽宁沈阳、阜新和大连的3种跳小蜂,即黑角赛巴跳小蜂Ceballosia nigricornis Xu,sp．nov．、短翅抑蚧跳小蜂Echthroplexiella brachyptera Xu,sp．nov．和黄角秀柯跳小蜂Pseudococcobius flavicornis Xu,sp．nov．,对新种进行了详细描述。本文也是赛巴跳小蜂属Ceballosia Mercet、抑蚧跳小蜂属Echthroplexiella Mercet和秀柯跳小蜂属Pseudococcobius Timberlake在我国分布的首次记录。     

阿里食虱跳小蜂生物学特性及其应用研究进展

柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是传播柑橘黄龙病病菌的重要媒介昆虫,对我国柑橘产业的健康发展造成了严重的威胁.阿里食虱跳小蜂Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis(Shaffe,Alam and Agarwal)是柑橘木虱的一种优良内寄生蜂,在我国乃至世界多个国家均有分布,发挥着重要的生防作用.本文综述了阿里食虱跳小蜂分类地位、形态特征、地理分布、生长发育、生殖能力、寿命、寄生行为等生物学特性,以及人工繁育技术的研究与应用的最新研究进展,同时分析了目前其应用方面存在的问题,旨在为我国今后利用阿里食虱跳小蜂科学、高效和可持续防控柑橘木虱提供参考,不断推动我国柑橘产业健康、稳定和可持续发展.     

沙地木虱跳小蜂对枸杞木虱的寄生生物学特性

【目的】了解沙地木虱跳小蜂Psyllaephagus arenarius对枸杞木虱Paratrioza sinica的寄生作用,为合理利用沙地木虱跳小蜂防治枸杞木虱提供科学依据。【方法】在室内观察了沙地木虱跳小蜂的形态和寄生特征,通过室内实验测定了其对枸杞木虱若虫的寄生偏好性、寄生功能反应、种内干扰效应和寄主识别能力,并在宁夏中宁田间调查了该寄生蜂的田间寄生特征。【结果】沙地木虱跳小蜂是枸杞木虱若虫重要的寄生性天敌,为单寄生蜂与内寄生蜂,最偏好寄生枸杞木虱4龄若虫,偏好系数为0.44±0.02,而不偏好寄生3龄和5龄若虫,且不寄生1龄与2龄若虫。寄生蜂对4龄若虫的最大寄生量、搜寻效率系数、处理时间系数分别为40.3头、0.8688和0.0243,均优于寄生3龄和5龄若虫。沙地木虱跳小蜂受到的种内干扰系数为0.3856,且对已被寄生的木虱寄主具有明显的辨别能力。沙地木虱跳小蜂田间发生期为6月下旬到9月中旬,正处于3-5龄木虱若虫第2代发生高峰期,发生期平均寄生率为44.2%±6.7%,其中寄生率顶峰为89.7%±12.2%,发生在7月4日。沙地木虱跳小蜂在植株下层寄生率是上中下3层中最高,为58.1%±6.8%;在植株西向寄生率是5个方位中最高,为51.4%±8.2%;对4龄若虫寄生率是木虱若虫龄期中最高,为69.7%±3.1%。【结论】研究表明,沙地木虱跳小蜂是具有控制潜力的寄生性天敌,人工释放该新纪录寄生蜂可有效控制枸杞木虱若虫,降低木虱为害。     

中国拟细角跳小蜂属分类学研究（膜翅目: 跳小蜂科）

对中国拟细角跳小蜂属Leptomastidea 分类研究进行了回顾, 并记述了分布于中国的拟细角跳小蜂属6 种, 其中草居拟细角跳小蜂L. herbicola, 红胸拟细角跳小蜂L. rubra 和谢氏拟细角跳小蜂L. shafeei为中国新记录种。文中提供了分种检索表、形态特征图。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国跳小蜂二新纪录属及三新种(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

报道采自福建福州、吉林长春的3种跳小蜂,即桔小食甲跳小蜂Cerchysiella citricola Xu,sp.nov.,寄主为日本方头甲Cybocephalis nipponicus Endr.-Younga,初级寄主为柑橘类;扁角尼克跳小蜂Neocladella platicornis Xu,sp.nov.寄主不明和短翅思奇跳小蜂,其触角扁平膨大;短翅思奇跳小蜂Schilleriella brevipterus Xu,sp.nov.寄主为粉蚧,其前翅退化缩短.对新种进行了详细描述.本文也是尼克跳小蜂属Neocladella Girault和思奇跳小蜂属Schilleriella Ghesquiere在我国分布的首次记录.标本保存在浙江大学农业与生物技术学院应用昆虫研究所.     

中国艾菲跳小蜂属一新种(膜翅目:跳小蜂科)

本文对艾菲跳小蜂属Aphycus(膜翅目Hymenoptera:跳小蜂科Encyrtidae)的2种进行了研究,标本均采自中国四川省。发现并描述了一新种——康定艾菲跳小蜂Aphycus kangdingensis sp.nov.,另一种为札幌艾菲跳小蜂Aphycus sapporoensis(CompereAnnecke)。研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国跳小蜂科三新种(膜翅目：跳小蜂科)

描述了在湖南省采集的寄生蚧虫的跳小蜂3新种：短尾阿德跳小蜂Adelencyrtus brachycaudae新种,中华阿德跳小蜂Adelencyrtus chinensis新种和湖南花翅跳小蜂Microterys hunanensis新种。模式标本保存于河南农业大学生物工程学院植物保护系昆虫标本室。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.