外周血白细胞介素-13与干扰素-γ在儿童特应性皮炎中的发病机制研究

目的:探讨外周血白细胞介素-13(IL-13)与干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)在儿童特应性皮炎(AD)发病机制中的作用。方法:选择2016年5月～2018年4月本院收治的AD患儿120例作为观察组,并根据欧洲特应性皮炎评分标准(SCORAD)将其分为轻度组(n=33)、中度组(n=53)、重度组(n=34),采用分层抽样的方法抽取同期在本院进行健康体检的120例健康儿童为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测外周血IL-13和IFN-γ水平,采用放射免疫法检测免疫球蛋白E(Ig E)水平,比较各组IL-13、IFN-γ与Ig E水平,采用Spearman相关分析IL-13、IFN-γ、Ig E两两之间的相关性。结果:观察组儿童治疗前IL-13、Ig E水平高于对照组体检时,IFN-γ水平低于对照组体检时,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前IL-13与Ig E呈正相关关系(r=0.762,P0.05),IFN-γ与Ig E呈负相关关系(r=-0.673,P0.05),IL-13与IFN-γ呈负相关关系(r=-0.672,P0.05)。轻、中、重度组患儿治疗前的IL-13、IFN-γ、Ig E水平整体比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),重度组、中度组治疗前IL-13、Ig E水平高于轻度组,IFN-γ低于轻度组,且重度组治疗前IL-13、Ig E水平高于中度组,IFN-γ低于中度组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗3、6个月后,IL-13水平和Ig E水平明显低于治疗前,IFN-γ水平明显高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:AD患儿外周血IL-13水平升高,IFN-γ水平降低,二者可能通过影响Ig E水平,引起辅助性T细胞1/辅助性T细胞2(Th1/Th2)失衡,从而参与AD的发病过程。     

特异性免疫疗法治疗慢性荨麻疹患者的疗效及对血清IgE、IL-4、IFN-γ和生活质量的影响

目的:研究特异性免疫疗法治疗慢性荨麻疹患者的疗效及对血清免疫球蛋白E(Ig E)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和生活质量的影响。方法:选择2015年4月至2017年2月于陕西省人民医院进行治疗的112例慢性荨麻疹患者纳入本研究,随机分为观察组(n=56)及对照组(n=56),对照组患者给予依巴斯汀片治疗,观察组在此基础上给予特异性免疫疗法进行治疗,对比两组患者的临床疗效以及治疗前后血清Ig E、IL-4、IFN-γ水平,比较两组患者治疗前后的生活质量情况。结果:观察组的总有效率为96.43%,高于对照组的83.93%(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者血清Ig E、IL-4及IFN-γ的水平之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者血清Ig E、IL-4及IFN-γ的水平均降低,且与对照组相比,观察组各指标水平更低(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的生活质量评分比较无统计学差异(P0.05);与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗1个月后、治疗3个月后的生活质量评分均降低,且观察组治疗1个月后、治疗3个月后的生活质量评分低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:采用特异性免疫疗法治疗慢性荨麻疹患者疗效确切,能够降低其血清Ig E、IL-4以及IFN-γ水平,改善患者的生活质量。     

他克莫司软膏联合氯雷他定片治疗特应性皮炎的临床疗效及机制研究

目的:研究他克莫司软膏联合氯雷他定片治疗特应性皮炎患者的临床疗效及可能机制。方法:选取2014年9月至2016年7月于我院就诊的特应性皮炎患者共计82例纳入研究,所有患者随机分成观察组(n=41)和对照组(n=41)。对照组患者采取氯雷他定片治疗,观察组患者在此基础上应用他克莫司软膏治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床治疗效果、SCORAD评分情况、复发情况以及血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-3(IL-13)、干扰素(IFN-γ)及白细胞介素-7(IL-17)水平的变化和不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组患者治疗后的临床总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者皮损严重程度、皮肤病变范围、瘙痒和睡眠程度的评分以及总积分较治疗前明显下降,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后血清IL-4、IL-13以及IL-17水平均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗后血清IFN-γ较治疗前明显升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组复发率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:他克莫司软膏联合氯雷他定片治疗特应性皮炎能够有效提高其临床疗效,可能与其降低血清IL-4、IL-13、IL-17水平及提高IFN-γ水平,进而改善患者的免疫功能有。     

口服双歧杆菌三联活菌散对 婴幼儿湿疹患者的疗效

目的探讨口服双歧杆菌三联活菌散对婴幼儿湿疹患者免疫状态的影响及其临床治疗效果。方法将106例湿疹患儿随机分为观察组(64例)和对照组(62例),两组患儿均给予丁酸氢化可的松乳膏涂抹治疗,观察组患儿在此基础上口服双歧杆菌三联活菌散剂,0.5g/次,2次/d。全部患儿均连续治疗30d,观察两组患儿的疗效和不良反应发生情况。采用ELISA法检测患儿治疗前后血清干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-4(IL-4)以及IgE水平,并计算IFN-γ/IL-4值。结果观察组患儿治疗总有效率(87.50%)高于对照组(72.58%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组患儿血清IFN-γ水平和IFN-γ/IL-4值明显升高,IL-4和IgE水平明显降低,且观察组患儿IFN-γ水平和IFN-γ/IL-4值高于对照组,IL-4和IgE水平明低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患儿不良反应发生率(6.25%)与对照组(6.45%)之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论口服双歧杆菌三联活菌散可有效改善湿疹患儿免疫状态,提高临床疗效,且安全性高。     

不同剂量丙种球蛋白联合地塞米松治疗儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜的疗效观察

目的:探讨不同剂量丙种球蛋白联合地塞米松治疗儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的临床疗效。方法:选择2010年7月至2015年7月间我院收治的特发性血小板减少性紫癜患儿78例,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组38例及对照组40例。观察组采用200 mg/(kg·d)丙种球蛋白联合地塞米松进行治疗,对照组采用400 mg/(kg·d)丙种球蛋白联合地塞米松进行治疗。对两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后血小板计数、血小板上升时间、血小板恢复正常时间、出血停止时间、住院时间、不良反应及医疗费用进行观察。结果:两组患儿血小板计数治疗前无显著差异(P0.05),治疗后两组血小板计数均呈逐渐升高趋势(P0.05),但组间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患儿血小板上升时间、血小板恢复正常时间、出血停止时间及住院时间均接近,无统计学差异(P0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为94.74%,对照组为95.00%,两组无显著差异(P0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为8.17%,对照组为12.50%,两者相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。观察组患儿平均医疗费用为(1.25±0.34)万元,对照组患儿平均医疗费用为(2.31±0.40)万元,观察组明显低于对照组,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:不同剂量丙种球蛋白联合地塞米松治疗ITP具有类似的临床疗效及安全性,但小剂量丙种球蛋白组治疗费用明显降低,因此值得临床推广应用。     

不同剂量的阿托伐他汀对急性心肌梗死患者血管内皮功能及动脉粥样斑块稳定性的影响

目的:观察和比较不同剂量的阿托伐他汀对急性心肌梗死患者血管内皮功能及动脉粥样斑块稳定性的影响.方法:选择我院收治的急性心肌梗死患者56例,随机分为高剂量和低剂量阿托伐他汀治疗组,每组28例.高剂量组给予阿托伐他汀40 mg/d,低剂量组给予阿托伐他汀20mg/d治疗,检测和比较两组患者治疗前后血管舒张功能(FMD)、淋巴细胞刺激指数(SI)和IFN-γ水平的变化.结果:治疗前,两组患者的FMD、SI、IFN-γ水平比较均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).治疗后,所有患者的FMD均较治疗前显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(低剂量组:t=1.098,P=0.025;高剂量组:t=2.053,P＝0.017),且高剂量组FMD显著高于低剂量组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.451,P=0.017);患者SI、IFN-γ水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).高剂量组SI、IFN-γ均显著低于低剂量组,差异有统计学意义(SI:t=2.234,P=0.002; IFN-γ:t＝4.416,P＝0.001).结论:与低剂量阿托伐他汀相比,高剂量阿托伐他汀对急性心肌梗死患者血管内皮功能及炎性反应的改善作用更明显.     

IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α在膀胱癌患者中的水平变化及意义

目的:探讨白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在膀胱癌患者中的水平变化及意义。方法:选择从2015年2月到2016年12月在我院进行治疗的膀胱癌患者66例纳入本次研究,为膀胱癌组,选择同期在我院治疗的65例腺性膀胱炎患者记为膀胱炎组,另选择同期在我院进行体检的健康体检者65例记为对照组,对比各组患者的IL-2、IFN-γ及TNF-α水平,不同类型和临床分期的膀胱癌患者的IL-2、IFN-γ及TNF-α水平,分析IL-2、IFN-γ及TNF-α水平与其病理类型和临床分期的相关性。结果:膀胱癌组的IL-2和IFN-γ水平均明显低于膀胱炎组和对照组,TNF-α水平明显高于膀胱炎组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。不同类型膀胱癌患者的IL-2、IFN-γ及TNF-α水平相比,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。T2~T4膀胱癌患者的IL-2、IFN-γ水平均明显低于Tis~T1者,TNF-α水平明显高于Tis~T1者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。根据Spearman相关性分析发现,膀胱癌患者的IL-2、IFN-γ与其临床分期均呈负相关(P0.05),TNF-α与其临床分期呈正相关(P0.05),而患者的IL-2、IFN-γ及TNF-α水平与其病理类型则无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:IL-2、IFN-γ在膀胱癌患者中的表达明显下降,而TNF-α表达明显上升,且患者的上述三种指标与其临床分期有关,但与其病理类型无关。     

中药灌肠联合美沙拉嗪对溃疡性结肠炎患者血小板功能的影响

目的:研究中药灌肠和口服美沙拉嗪对溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)患者血小板功能的影响。方法:选择2013年1月至2014年6月我院接受治疗的溃疡性结肠炎患者60例,法随机分为两组,每组30例。观察组患者给予中药灌肠联合口服美沙拉嗪治疗,对照组患者单纯给予口服美沙拉嗪治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉及血小板计数的变化情况。结果:观察组患者总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前CRP、血沉、血小板计数等指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组CRP、血沉及血小板计数显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中药保留灌肠加口服美沙拉嗪肠溶片用于治疗UC,可较好地改善患者症状,增大疗效,改善其血小板功能状态。值得推荐。     

手足口病脑炎患儿脑脊液中细胞因子水平的比较

目的探讨不同病原体(CV-A6、CV-A16、EV-A71)所致手足口病脑炎患儿脑脊液中IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-γ水平及意义。方法采用随机抽样的方法选取2018年3—5月在医院感染科收治的HFMD患儿,其中EV-A71组90例,CV-A6组77例,CV-A16组65例,选择同期高热惊厥患儿20例作为对照(高热惊厥组)。患儿入院后1～2 d行腰椎穿刺术,收集脑脊液2 mL,用流式细胞检测术分别检测细胞因子IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-γ水平。结果 EV-A71组、CV-A6组、CV-A16组IL-6水平均明显高于高热惊厥组(t分别为6.224、7.579、6.667,P!0.05),且组间差异有统计学意义(F=18.631,P<0.05)。EV-A71组、CV-A6组、CV-A16组IL-10水平均高于高热惊厥组,差异具有统计学意义(t分别为5.387、3.227、3.084,P!0.05),且组间差异有统计学意义(F=17.480,P<0.05)。EV-A71组、CV-A6组、CV-A16组TNF-α水平与高热惊厥组差异均无统计学意义(t=-1.071、1.498、0.400,P>0.05),组间差异有统计学意义(F=6.069,P<0.05)。EV-A71组、CV-A6组、CV-A16组IFN-γ水平均高于高热惊厥组,差异具有统计学意义(t分别为4.718、7.303、8.919,P!0.05),且组间差异有统计学意义(F=16.566,P<0.05)。结论 EV-A71、CV-A6、CV-A16所致重症HFMD患儿脑脊液中IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ均升高,表明在这3种不同病原体所致HFMD患儿脑炎中,IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ均起到重要作用。其中,IL-6、IFN-γ明显升高,可作为疾病严重程度的评价指标。     

腹腔镜与开腹宫颈癌根治术对患者血清IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α及IFN-γ水平的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开腹宫颈癌根治术对患者血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-a)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)水平的影响。方法:选取2014年3月至2016年9月在我院接受治疗的64例宫颈癌患者作为研究对象,通过随机方式分为腹腔组和开腹组。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后通气时间、治疗前后血清IL-4、IL-10、TNF-a、IFN-r水平的变化。结果:腹腔组患者的术中出血量和术后通气时间明显低于或短于开腹组(P0.05),而两组患者的手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术前,两组患者的血清IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α及IFN-γ水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);术中,腹腔组的血清IL-4水平明显低于开腹组(P0.05),其余三组指标水平与开腹组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1天和7天,腹腔组患者的血清IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α及IFN-γ水平均明显低于开腹组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术在术中失血量更少,安全性更高,且对于患者术后的IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α和IFN-γ水平抑制效果更加明显,利于患者的术后恢复。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.