不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀联合通心络胶囊治疗冠心病合并高脂血症患者的疗效观察

目的:探讨不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀联合通心络胶囊治疗冠心病合并高脂血症患者的疗效。方法:按照随机数字表法将2017年4月至2018年5月内蒙古医科大学附属医院接诊的120例冠心病合并高脂血症患者分为低剂量联合组(5 mg瑞舒伐他汀+通心络胶囊)、中剂量联合组(10 mg瑞舒伐他汀+通心络胶囊)、高剂量联合组(20 mg瑞舒伐他汀+通心络胶囊),每组各40例,三组均治疗12周。比较三组患者的血脂指标、治疗效果、血清炎症因子水平,观察三组患者用药期间不良反应发生情况。结果:高剂量联合组、中剂量联合组治疗总有效率高于低剂量联合组(P0.05)。治疗后,高剂量联合组、中剂量联合组的总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平低于低剂量联合组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平高于低剂量联合组(P0.05)。治疗后三组患者的血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平随着剂量的升高而降低(P0.05)。低、中、高剂量联合组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:采用10 mg和20 mg的瑞舒伐他汀联合通心络胶囊治疗冠心病合并高脂血症疗效确切,可有效改善患者血脂水平,无严重不良反应发生,且对炎症因子的改善效果成剂量依赖性,医师可根据临床实际选择用药剂量。     

阿托伐他汀治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的疗效

目的:研究不同剂量的阿托伐他汀治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的疗效,并探讨性别与年龄对疗效的影响.方法:将320例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者随机分为4组(每组80例):10mg/d阿托伐他汀治疗A组、40mg/d阿托伐他汀治疗B组、80mg/d阿托伐他汀治疗C组与常规治疗D组,其中常规治疗组采用硝酸甘油、血管紧张与素转换酶抑制剂阿司匹林等;疗程12周.分析比较各组患者治疗前后:TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C和hs-CRP的水平变化.结果:治疗12周后,与常规治疗组相比:①三个不同剂量的阿托伐他汀治疗组中患者的TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C和hs-CRP分子的浓度变化差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05;其中以剂量为40 mg/d的阿托伐他汀治疗组的整体疗效相对最好,P＜0.05;②治疗效果与患者年龄呈负相关趋势;③在45-55岁这个年龄阶段,女性患者的治疗效果要好于同年龄阶段的男性患者,P＜0.05;④在老年患者中,大剂量的阿伐他汀的安全性明显低于中小剂量组.结论:中等剂量的阿托伐他汀对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的疗效显著,安全性良好.     

围术期阿托伐他汀强化治疗对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者Lp-PLA2与炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀强化治疗对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2及炎症因子的影响。方法:选取98例行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者作为研究对象,随机分为A组和B组,各49例。A组患者术前顿服阿托伐他汀40 mg,术后继续口服阿托伐他汀40 mg/24 h;B组患者术前顿服阿托伐他汀20mg,术后继续口服阿托伐他汀20 mg/24 h。比较两组患者在治疗前后的脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、白细胞介素(IL)-6/肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)及天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)等炎症因子的水平。结果:治疗前两组患者的Lp-PLA2、IL-6、TNF-α、ALT及AST等因子水平的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者的Lp-PLA2、IL-6、TNF-α、ALT及AST等因子水平均高于治疗前(P0.05),且A组患者的Lp-PLA2、IL-6及TNF-α因子水平明显低于B组(P0.05),两组患者ALT、AST的水平无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:围术期阿托伐他汀强化治疗能显著降低急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的炎症因子水平与稳定斑块,疗效显著。     

丁苯酞软胶囊联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗脑梗死的效果

目的观察丁苯酞软胶囊联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗脑梗死的临床疗效。方法选取福建中医药大学附属人民医院2015年1月～2018年6月收治的脑梗死患者186例,随机分为A、B、C组,每组各62例。A组给予丁苯酞软胶囊治疗,B组给予阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,C组给予丁苯酞软胶囊联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评价患者的神经功能缺损情况,采用Barthel指数评定量表评价患者日常生活能力,采用经颅多普勒超声测量缺血区域脑血流量。治疗1个月后,观察比较3组患者的NIHSS评分、Barthel指数、缺血区域脑血流量及临床总有效率。结果 3组患者治疗后的NIHSS评分、Barthel指数和缺血区脑血流量比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=6.48、5.78、15.69,P0.05)。3组患者治疗后的NIHSS评分均低于治疗前(t=2.523,P0.05;t=3.016,P0.05;t=2.642,P0.05),Barthel指数均高于治疗前(t=2.232,P0.05;t=2.694,P0.05;t=2.086,P0.05),缺血区脑血流量均高于治疗前(t=5.962,P0.05;t=4.672,P0.05;t=5.214,P0.05)。治疗后,C组NIHSS评分低于A、B组(均P0.05),Barthel指数和缺血区脑血流量均明显高于A、B组(均P0.05)。C组治疗总有效率为82.26%,高于A、B组的58.06%、53.23%(χ~2=5.342,P0.05;χ~2=4.163,P0.05)。结论丁苯酞软胶囊联合阿托伐他汀钙片能有效治疗脑梗死。     

负荷量阿托伐他汀对稳定型冠心病患者非心脏手术围手术期保护作用的研究

目的:探讨负荷量阿托伐他汀对稳定型冠心病患者非心脏的择期外科手术围手术期主要不良心脏事件的保护作用。方法:将拟行非心脏外科手术的60名稳定型冠心病患者随机分为负荷量阿托伐他汀组(n=30)和对照组(n=30),其中负荷量阿托伐他汀治疗组在术前12小时给予阿托伐他汀80 mg顿服,术前2小时阿托伐他汀40 mg顿服,且每晚服用阿托伐他汀40 mg,对照组术前每晚服用阿托伐他汀20 mg,而后进行非心脏的外科手术(主要病种为慢性胆囊结石胆囊炎、慢性阑尾炎、消化性溃疡、疝气),术后负荷量组给予每晚服用阿托伐他汀40 mg,对照组每晚服用阿托伐他汀20 mg。比较两组围手术期主要不良心脏事件(包括心脏性猝死,急性心肌梗死,非计划性血运重建)的发生情况。结果:对照组出现1例急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死并行急诊前降支介入再灌注治疗和7例无症状型心肌梗死,负荷量阿托伐他汀组出现1例无症状型心肌梗死,围手术期心肌梗死发生率较对照组明显降低(P0.05)。结论:负荷量阿托伐他汀可显著降低稳定型冠心病患者非心脏的择期外科手术围手术期主要不良心脏事件如心肌梗死,特别是无症状型心肌梗死的发生率,但该结果尚需大样本多中心随机对照临床试验进一步证实。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者心功能、血脂及血清TNF-α、ANF水平的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者心功能、血脂及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、心钠素(ANF)水平的影响。方法:选取2016年1月到2017年1月在我院接受治疗的冠心病患者86例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,各43例,对照组给予10 mg剂量的阿托伐他汀进行治疗,观察组给予20 mg剂量的阿托伐他汀进行治疗,两组均治疗6个月。比较两组患者治疗前后的左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心房前后径(LAD)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、TNF-α、ANF水平。对所有患者进行1年的随访,比较患者出现心肌梗死、心律失常、心源性死亡等心血管事件的情况。结果:治疗后两组的LVEDD、LAD、TC、TG、LDL-C、TNF-α、ANF均显著降低,LVEF、HDL-C显著升高(P0.05),治疗后观察组的LVEDD、LAD、TC、TG、LDL-C、TNF-α、ANF低于对照组,LVEF高于对照组(P0.05)。两组的心血管事件发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:两种剂量的阿托伐他汀均能有效的改善冠心病患者的心功能和血脂,降低患者体内的炎症反应,但20 mg剂量的阿托伐他汀效果更佳。     

急性冠脉综合征合并低密度脂蛋白胆固醇基线低水平患者短期中等强度阿托伐他汀治疗的冠脉斑块消退效应

目的:评估短期中等剂量序贯长期低剂量阿托伐他汀治疗急性冠脉综合征(Acute Coronary Syndrome,ACS)合并低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL-C)基线低水平患者冠脉斑块消退效应,使用血管内超声(Intravascular Ultrasound, IVUS)为斑块消退评估依据。方法:2014年1月至2016年12月在昆明医科大学附属延安医院接受IVUS指导下经皮冠脉介入治疗(Percutaneous Coronary Intervention,PCI)的ACS合并LDL-C基线低水平患者随机分组为中等剂量阿托伐他汀(20mg/d)治疗3个月序贯低剂量阿托伐他汀(10 mg/d)治疗9月组与初始低剂量阿托伐他汀(10 mg/d)治疗12月组。分别测定基线、治疗后1、3、6、12月血脂,术后1年复查冠脉造影及IVUS,选取中度非罪犯冠脉斑块进行消退效应研究,并收集相关临床数据进行定量分析。结果:研究入选56例患者,51例患者完成研究。2组患者年龄、性别、LDL-C等基线资料无统计学差异。治疗1、3、6、12月,两组(Total Cholesterol,TC)、LDL-C均有不同程度下降(P0.05),(High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol,HDL-C)不同程度升高(P0.05),TC、HDL-C组间无差异,3月后序贯治疗组LDL-C水平明显低于单一治疗组(P0.05)。序贯治疗组(Triglyceride,TG)治疗12月出现有统计学意义降低(P0.05),单一治疗组TG降低无统计学差异。序贯治疗组冠脉斑块容积减少明显优于单一治疗组(P0.05),斑块容积减少及斑块容积减少百分比分别为2.68±2.251.14±1.99(mm3)、34.60±30.3711.73±20.71(%)。Logistic回归显示LDL-C降低与阿托伐他汀序贯治疗是斑块消退的重要决定因素。结论:短期中等强度序贯长期低强度阿托伐他汀治疗和长期低强度阿托伐他汀治疗均可导致ACS合并LDL-C低基线水平患者冠状动脉斑块消退,而前者效果优于后者。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀联合依达拉奉对急性脑梗死患者血脂、炎症因子和脑血流指标的影响

摘要 目的：探讨依达拉奉分别联合不同剂量的阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死（ACI）患者血脂、炎症因子和脑血流指标的影响。方法：纳入2018年3月~2020年1月期间我院收治的81例ACI患者,采用随机数字表法分为低剂量组（依达拉奉联合10 mg/d阿托伐他汀治疗）、中剂量组（依达拉奉联合20 mg/d阿托伐他汀治疗）和高剂量组（依达拉奉联合40 mg/d阿托伐他汀治疗）,每组各27例。对比三组疗效、血脂、炎症因子、脑血流指标、相关量表评分及不良反应。结果：治疗14 d后,高剂量组、中剂量组总有效率高于低剂量组,且高剂量组高于中剂量组（P<0.05）。治疗14 d后,高剂量组、中剂量组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）、改良Rankin 量表（mRS）评分和总胆固醇 (TC ) 、三酰甘油 (TG )、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C )、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-8（IL-8）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）低于低剂量组,且高剂量组低于中剂量组（P<0.05）。治疗14 d后,高剂量组、中剂量组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-C )高于低剂量组,且高剂量组高于中剂量组（P<0.05）。治疗14 d后,三组平均血流速度较治疗前增加,外周阻力较治疗前降低（P<0.05）,但三组间平均血流速度和外周阻力比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。三组不良反应发生率组间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：40 mg/d阿托伐他汀联合依达拉奉治疗ACI患者,可更加有效控制疾病进展,改善机体血脂、炎症因子,较为安全可靠,但有关脑血流的改变可能与阿托伐他汀剂量无关。     

阿托伐他汀治疗急性冠状动脉综合症的疗效分析

目的:探讨不同剂量的阿托伐他汀治疗急性冠状动脉综合症的疗效,并探讨患者性别与年龄对疗效的影响.方法:240例急性冠状动脉综合症患者随机分为常规治疗组(60例)和阿托伐他汀治疗组(180例),其中阿托伐他汀治疗组又分为20mg/d、40mg/d和80mg/d三组,每组60例.常规治疗组采用拜阿司匹林、硝酸酯类、血管紧张素转换酶抑制荆等,阿托伐他汀组在常规治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀;疗程8周.检测患者治疗前后的hs-CRP、TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C的水平的变化.选取60例健康人作为对照组.结果:与正常组或常规治疗组相比,急性冠状动脉综合症患者治疗8周后,阿托伐他汀组中患者的hs-CRP、TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL.C的水平变化差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).在三个使用剂量中,以剂量为40mg/d的阿托伐他汀治疗组的治疗效果相对最好(P<0.05).急性冠状动脉综合症患者的发病的风险度/程度与患者年龄的呈正相关,但与患者性别无明显相关;而治疗效果与年龄基本呈负相关.结论:40mg/d剂量的阿托伐他汀治疗早期ACS可获得较好的疗效.     

康复训练联合阿托伐他汀对SIVD患者认知功能及日常行为能力的影响

目的:研究康复训练联合阿托伐他汀对SIVD患者认知功能及日常行为能力的影响。方法:选取97例确诊为SIVD的患者,根据随机数表法将所有患者分为观察组(n=48)和对照组(n=49),对照组给予口服多奈哌齐,观察组给予口服阿托伐他汀和康复训练。结果:治疗1个月后,观察组和对照组的MMSE、Mo CA、BI评分与治疗前差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗6个月后,观察组的MMSE、Mo CA、BI评分显著高于治疗前(P0.05);观察组的MMSE、Mo CA、BI评分显著高于对照组(P0.001);观察组治疗1个月与6个月后总有效分别为16.6%与87.5%,高于同期对照组的12.24%(x~2=0.363,P=0.547)与53.06%(x~2=27.523,P0.001),差异无统计学意义。结论:康复训练联合阿托伐他汀能有效治疗SIVD,值得在临床中推广。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.