西双版纳不同热带森林下土壤铵态氮和硝态氨动态研究

用顶盖埋管法(Close-Top Tube Incubations)就西双版纳3种热带森林（热带季节雨林、片断热带雨林、橡胶林）研究了土壤铵态氮（NH     

羊草草原土壤微生物的分布及其与土壤因子间的关系

 本文较系统地研究了东北羊草草原土壤微生物的分布规律和环境因子对微生物分布的制约作用。结果表明：微生物的数量、生理群的数量及微生物总生物量在羊草和杂草群落土壤生境中均最高,而碱茅和碱蓬群落生境中最低,隐子草群落生境居中。土壤全磷、全氮、全钾、pH和活性有机质对微生物有较大的直接作用,通径系数为6.15—2.02。全氮—全磷、活性有机质-全磷、pH-全磷、pH-全钾、全钾—全磷、活性有机质—全氮、活性有机质—全钾和有机质—全氮之间的间接作用对微生物影响最明显,作用系数为5.94—2.90,其余因素的作用相对不显著。     

THE PRODUCTION OF ANTIBIOTICS IN SOIL V. BREAKDOWN OF GRISEOFULVIN IN SOIL

When griseofulvin (I; R = Cl, R '= OCH₃), a chlorine-containing antibiotic produced by Penicillium nigricans , was added to fresh garden loam, after an initial lag it disappeared rapidly. When further griseofulvin was added it was inactivated from the start and at rates which increased with each successive addition, suggesting that it was degraded biologically. The numbers of one organism, a Pseudomonas sp., increased in the soil steadily after adding griseofulvin.
When a little soil was added to a solution (pH 7·0) containing inorganic salts and griseofulvin as the sole carbon source, bioassays showed that the griseofulvin disappeared within 5 days. An organism isolated from the broth was identified as the Pseudomonas sp. thought to break down griseofulvin in soil. Griseofulvin also disappeared from a broth at pH 5·0 inoculated with soil, but at this lower pH value a dematiaceous fungus was responsible for its breakdown.
The Pseudomonas sp. also degraded two derivatives of griseofulvin, dechlorogriseofulvin (I; R = H, R'= OCH₃) and the amine (I; R = Cl, R '= NH₂). Cl^– was detected in the solutions after breakdown of griseofulvin by the Pseudomonas ; the amount present agreed well with that calculated on the assumption that all the chlorine in the griseofulvin supplied was liberated as Cl^–. Spectrophotometric examination of the solutions showed no metabolites with the aromatic ring intact, and confirmed the complete breakdown of griseofulvin suggested by the liberation of Cl-.     

高寒草甸土壤生态系统的结构及昆虫群落的某些特性

自1881年达尔文报道蚯蚓对土壤的作用以来,人们对土壤动物的研究做了许多工作,Kevan(1955)和Murphy(1962)先后发表了这方面的专著。70年代初,国际生物学规划(IBP)选择了苔原、草原、森林等典型地区,开展了较为系统的土壤动物调查研究工作。随着人类对土地利用和土壤改良的重视,土壤生态系统的研究正趋向于成为一个专门的研究领域。 土壤动物的研究对象,大多属于土壤昆虫,我国草原土壤昆虫的研究,至今仍属薄弱环     

东北羊草草原土壤微生物呼吸速率的研究

本文主要报道了东北羊草草原土壤微生物呼吸速率的季节变化规律,并将测试数据进行回归分析。研究表明:土壤温度和土壤水分的季节变化对土壤微生物的呼吸速率影响较大。三者呈明显的正相关,相关系数r=1。随着土壤温度升高、水分增多,微生物呼吸速率加快,但超过一定限度则呈现出呼吸速率减慢现象。土壤微生物只有在适宜的生态环境中才能进行正常的生命活动。