THE PRODUCTION OF ANTIBIOTICS IN SOIL V. BREAKDOWN OF GRISEOFULVIN IN SOIL

When griseofulvin (I; R = Cl, R '= OCH₃), a chlorine-containing antibiotic produced by Penicillium nigricans , was added to fresh garden loam, after an initial lag it disappeared rapidly. When further griseofulvin was added it was inactivated from the start and at rates which increased with each successive addition, suggesting that it was degraded biologically. The numbers of one organism, a Pseudomonas sp., increased in the soil steadily after adding griseofulvin.
When a little soil was added to a solution (pH 7·0) containing inorganic salts and griseofulvin as the sole carbon source, bioassays showed that the griseofulvin disappeared within 5 days. An organism isolated from the broth was identified as the Pseudomonas sp. thought to break down griseofulvin in soil. Griseofulvin also disappeared from a broth at pH 5·0 inoculated with soil, but at this lower pH value a dematiaceous fungus was responsible for its breakdown.
The Pseudomonas sp. also degraded two derivatives of griseofulvin, dechlorogriseofulvin (I; R = H, R'= OCH₃) and the amine (I; R = Cl, R '= NH₂). Cl^– was detected in the solutions after breakdown of griseofulvin by the Pseudomonas ; the amount present agreed well with that calculated on the assumption that all the chlorine in the griseofulvin supplied was liberated as Cl^–. Spectrophotometric examination of the solutions showed no metabolites with the aromatic ring intact, and confirmed the complete breakdown of griseofulvin suggested by the liberation of Cl-.     

高寒草甸土壤生态系统的结构及昆虫群落的某些特性

自1881年达尔文报道蚯蚓对土壤的作用以来,人们对土壤动物的研究做了许多工作,Kevan(1955)和Murphy(1962)先后发表了这方面的专著。70年代初,国际生物学规划(IBP)选择了苔原、草原、森林等典型地区,开展了较为系统的土壤动物调查研究工作。随着人类对土地利用和土壤改良的重视,土壤生态系统的研究正趋向于成为一个专门的研究领域。 土壤动物的研究对象,大多属于土壤昆虫,我国草原土壤昆虫的研究,至今仍属薄弱环     

GLOEOCOCCUS MINUTISSIMUS SP. NOV. ISOLATED FROM SOIL1

A new species of Gloeococcns, G. minutissimus, is described from unialgal culture; the organism was isolated from soil collected near Bastrop, Bastrop Co., Texas. This alga consistently produced Chlamydomonas-like vegetative cells that were motile within nonmotile colonies of definite shape. Its taxonomic position is also discussed.     

CARAGANA FABR. PROMOTES REVEGETATION AND SOIL REHABILITATION IN SALINE-ALKALI WASTELAND

To determine how plantations of Caragana microphylla shrubs affect saline-alkali soil amelioration and revegetation, we investigated the vegetation and sampled soils from saline-alkali wasteland (SAW), perennial Caragana forestland (PCF), Caragana forest after fire disturbance (CFF). Results showed that with the development of Caragana Fabr., highly dominant species of Poaceae family, including Elymus dahuricus, Thermopsis lanceolata, Stipa tianschanica, died out in PCF. Moreover, Papilionaceae family, including Lespedeza indica, Oxytropis psammocharis, and Astragalus scaberrimus, was established both in PCF and CFF. Phytoremediation of saline-alkali wasteland (SAW) was achieved by plantation, resulting in the reduced soil pH, sodium adsorption ratio, exchangeable sodium percentage, salinity, and Na⁺ concentration around Caragana shrubs. Greater amounts of soil organic, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were observed in PCF topsoil than in SAW topsoil. The concentration of mineralized N in PCF soil was significantly lower than that in SAW soil at all sampled depths, indicating that Caragana shrubs were just using N and therefore less measured in soils. Fire disturbance resulted in decreased soil pH and salinity, but increased organic content, total nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen. The improved soil parameters and self-recovery of shrubs indicated that Caragana shrubs were well established after burning event.     

不同水肥条件对春玉米光合运转关系的影响及其产量效应的研究

以两种土壤水分和４种土壤肥力水平对春玉米光合运转关系的影响及其产量效应进行了较深入的探讨。在土壤水分适宜条件下,不同土壤肥力春玉米叶片光合速率随肥力水平的提高而增加的主要原因是气孔因素的限制,光合速率与籽粒产量呈现极显著正相关关系。     

CHLOROSARCINOPSIS VARIABILIS SP. NOVA FROM A CONNECTICUT CORNFIELD SOIL1

A new and pleomorphic species of Chlorosarcinopsis from a Connecticut cornfield soil is described. Two populations were observed and cultured. One produced mostly smooth colonies on agar and formed few packets; the second produced large percentages of rough colonies on agar and frequently formed packets. In older agar cultures numerous Hormotila-like colonies can be observed in both strains.     

西双版纳不同热带森林下土壤铵态氮和硝态氨动态研究

用顶盖埋管法(Close-Top Tube Incubations)就西双版纳3种热带森林（热带季节雨林、片断热带雨林、橡胶林）研究了土壤铵态氮（NH