Suppression of bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus urophylla by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in China |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Section Phytopathology, Faculty of Biology, Utrecht University, P. O. Box 800.84, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Section Forest Pathology, Central South Forestry College, 412006, Zhuzhou, Hunan, PR China;1. Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;2. Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110 0002, South Africa;1. Department of Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa;2. Forestry Protection Programme, Smurfit Kappa – Colombia, Calle 15 #18-109, Puerto Isaacs, Yumbo, Valle, 760502, Colombia;3. China Eucalypt Research Centre (CERC), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China;1. Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;2. Department of Plant Science, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;2. Institute of Tobacco Science Research, Guiyang 550081, China;3. Solar Energy Research Institute of Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan 650500, China;1. Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;2. Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China;3. Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 1, biovar III has become a severe problem in Eucalyptus plantations in south China. The disease mainly attacks young eucalypt trees, and no effective control measures are available yet. To explore possibilities to develop biological control of the disease, strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that are effective in suppressing plant diseases by known mechanisms, were tested for their potential to control bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus. Pseudomonas putida WCS358r, Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS374r, P. fluorescens WCS417r, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2 antagonize R. solanacearum in vitro by siderophore-mediated competition for iron, whereas inhibition of pathogen growth by P. fluorescens CHA0r is antibiosis-based. No correlations were found between antagonistic activities of these Pseudomonas spp. in vitro and biocontrol of bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus in vivo. None of the strains suppressed disease when mixed together with the pathogen through the soil or when seeds or seedlings were treated with the strains one to four weeks before transfer into soil infested with R. solanacearum. However, when the seedlings were dipped with their roots in a bacterial suspension before transplanting into infested soil, P. fluorescens WCS417r significantly suppressed bacterial wilt. P. putida WCS358r was marginally effective, whereas its siderophore-minus mutant had no effect at all, indicating that siderophore-mediated competition for iron can contribute but is not effective enough to suppress bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus. A derivative of P. putida WCS358r, constitutively producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (WCS358::phl) reduced disease. Combined treatment with P. fluorescens WCS417r and P. putida WCS358::phl did not improve suppression of bacterial wilt. |
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