A synthesis of the biological quality elements for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive in the Mediterranean ecoregion: The case of Saronikos Gulf |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea;2. Ecology & Future Research Association, Republic of Korea;1. CBMA — Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campos de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;2. CIIMAR/CIMAR — Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal;3. ICBAS-UP — Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal;1. Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di chimica agraria e ambientale, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;2. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;3. University of Florida, Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Hydrology & Water Quality, 287 Frazier Rogers Hall, P.O. Box 110570, Gainesville, FL, USA;4. University of Milan, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;5. University of Parma, Department of Life Sciences, Viale G.P. Usberti 33/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;6. Enviresearch Ltd., Nanotechnology Centre, Herschel Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU England, UK;1. Department of Environmental & Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, G. Seferi 2, Agrinio GR-30100, Greece;2. Department of Biology, Division of Plant Biology, University of Patras, Rion, Patras GR-26504, Greece;3. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46,7 km Athens-Sounio, Anavissos GR-19013, Greece;4. Department of Physics, Section of Environmental Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens GR-15784, Greece;5. The Piraeus Bank Group Cultural Foundation, 6 Ang. Gerontas St., 105 58 Athens, Greece |
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| Abstract: | Benthic macroinvertebrates, macroalgae and phytoplankton constitute the biological quality elements proposed in the Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) to be used for the classification of the ecological status of a water body. In the context of the preparation for the implementation of WFD, classification schemes for all three elements have been developed and tested for all the European ecoregions. In the present work, the classification schemes, with the corresponding metric tools and the interpretations of the class boundaries according to the normative definitions of WFD, are presented for each biological element in Saronikos Gulf, as case study in the Mediterranean ecoregion. The combination of the three biological elements into an integrated classification for coastal water bodies has been one of the major issues addressed in the context of WFD guidelines. Results are interpreted and validated, through an ecological viewpoint, on the basis of relevant environmental data. Moreover, this work presents a way to combine the EUNIS system to the typology of water bodies in the Mediterranean ecoregion. |
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