Metabolic effects of furaldehydes and impacts on biotechnological processes |
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Authors: | João R M Almeida Magnus Bertilsson Marie F Gorwa-Grauslund Steven Gorsich Gunnar Lidén |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;(2) Department Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;(3) Biology Department, Central Michigan University, 230 Brooks Hall, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA |
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Abstract: | There is a growing awareness that lignocellulose will be a major raw material for production of both fuel and chemicals in
the coming decades—most likely through various fermentation routes. Considerable attention has been given to the problem of
finding efficient means of separating the major constituents in lignocellulose (i.e., lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose)
and to efficiently hydrolyze the carbohydrate parts into sugars. In these processes, by-products will inevitably form to some
extent, and these will have to be dealt with in the ensuing microbial processes. One group of compounds in this category is
the furaldehydes. 2-Furaldehyde (furfural) and substituted 2-furaldehydes—most importantly 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde—are
the dominant inhibitory compounds found in lignocellulosic hydrolyzates. The furaldehydes are known to have biological effects
and act as inhibitors in fermentation processes. The effects of these compounds will therefore have to be considered in the
design of biotechnological processes using lignocellulose. In this short review, we take a look at known metabolic effects,
as well as strategies to overcome problems in biotechnological applications caused by furaldehydes. |
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Keywords: | Furfural Hydroxymethylfurfural Reductases Bioconversion Inhibition |
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