森林干扰生态研究

陆地上80％的生态系统都已受到了来自人类和自然的各种干扰，森林生态系统也不例外．在各种干扰作用下，尤其是人类不合理的干扰导致世界范围内的森林退化／衰退已成为一个十分严峻的事实，因此，以维持、恢复森林生态系统固有的多种功能为基础，实现高效、稳定、可持续就成为经营森林生态系统的总目标．随着干扰的加剧，近年来生态学界更加关注的是“受干扰”生态系统的研究．干扰对森林生态系统主要生态过程的影响以及森林生态系统对干扰的响应等问题，已成为森林生态研究领域的国际前沿与热点．因此，系统地研究干扰条件下森林生态系统的生态过程，并在此基础上确立干扰森林的经营理论与技术，对中国天然林资源保护等林业工程实施及国家生态安全建设具有重要的科学和现实意义．本文在广泛收集国内外有关森林干扰研究结果的基础上，总结了森林干扰的基本概念，分析了干扰与森林经营的关系，探讨了森林干扰研究领域所涉及的内容和关注的基础问题，提出了森林干扰生态研究的主要内容与方向，对今后干扰森林生态研究和中国天然林保护等林业工程建设具有参考价值．

A review on disturbance ecology of forest

More than 80% of terrestrial ecosystems have been influenced by natural disasters,human activities and the combination of both natural and human disturbances.Forest ecosystem,as one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems,has also been disturbed without exception.Under the disturbance from natural disasters and human activities,particularly from the unreasonable activities of human beings,forest decline or forest degradation has become more and more severe.For this reason,sustaining or recovering forest service functions is one of the current purposes for managing forest ecosystems.In recent decades,the studies on disturbed ecosystems have been carried out frequently,especially on their ecological processes and their responses to the disturbances.These studies play a very important role in the projects of natural forest conservation and the construction of ecological environment in China.Based on a wide range of literatures collection on forest disturbance research,this paper discussed the fundamental concepts of disturbance ecology,the relationships between forest management and disturbance,and the study contents of forest disturbance ecology.The major research topics of forest disturbance ecology may include:1) the basic characteristics of disturbed forests;2) the processes of natural and human disturbances;3) the responses of forests ecosystem to the disturbances;4) the main ecological processes or the consequential results of disturbed forests,including the change of biodiversity,soil nutrient and water cycle,eco-physiology and carbon cycle,regeneration mechanism of disturbed forests and so on;5) the relationships between disturbances and forest management;and 6) the principles and techniques for the management of disturbed forests.This review may be helpful to the management of disturbed forest ecosystem,and to the projects of natural forest conservation in China.