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Global analysis of the apple fruit microbiome: are all apples the same? |
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| Authors: | Ahmed Abdelfattah Shiri Freilich Rotem Bartuv V Yeka Zhimo Ajay Kumar Antonio Biasi Shoshana Salim Oleg Feygenberg Erik Burchard Christopher Dardick Jia Liu Awais Khan Walid Ellouze Shawkat Ali Davide Spadaro Rosario Torres Neus Teixido Okan Ozkaya Andreas Buehlmann Silvana Vero Pedro Mondino Gabriele Berg Michael Wisniewski Samir Droby |
| Institution: | 1. Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010 Austria;2. Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Yaar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel;3. Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Yaar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101 Israel The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel;4. Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101 Israel;5. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 25430 USA;6. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Sciences, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongquing, 402160 China;7. Cornell University, 5 Castle Creek Drive, 112 Barton Lab, Geneva, New York, 14456 USA;8. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Farm, Vineland, Ontario, Canada;9. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia, B4N 1J5 Canada;10. Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), AGROINNOVA—Centre of Competence, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), 10095 Italy;11. IRTA, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de Gardeny, Fruitcentre building, Lleida, Catalonia, 25003 Spain;12. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture 1330, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey;13. Agroscope, Competence Division Plants and Plant Products, Müller-Thurgaustr 29, Wädenswil, CH-8820 Switzerland;14. Facultad de Química–UdeLaR Cátedra de Microbiología, Montevideo, Uruguay;15. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Garzón 780, Montevideo, 12900 Uruguay;16. Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 220 Ag Quad Ln, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061 USA |
| Abstract: | We present the first worldwide study on the apple (Malus × domestica) fruit microbiome that examines questions regarding the composition and the assembly of microbial communities on and in apple fruit. Results revealed that the composition and structure of the fungal and bacterial communities associated with apple fruit vary and are highly dependent on geographical location. The study also confirmed that the spatial variation in the fungal and bacterial composition of different fruit tissues exists at a global level. Fungal diversity varied significantly in fruit harvested in different geographical locations and suggests a potential link between location and the type and rate of postharvest diseases that develop in each country. The global core microbiome of apple fruit was represented by several beneficial microbial taxa and accounted for a large fraction of the fruit microbial community. The study provides foundational information about the apple fruit microbiome that can be utilized for the development of novel approaches for the management of fruit quality and safety, as well as for reducing losses due to the establishment and proliferation of postharvest pathogens. It also lays the groundwork for studying the complex microbial interactions that occur on apple fruit surfaces. |
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