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The infection cushion of Botrytis cinerea: a fungal ‘weapon’ of plant-biomass destruction |
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| Authors: | Mathias Choquer Christine Rascle Isabelle R Gonçalves Amélie de Vallée Cécile Ribot Elise Loisel Pavlé Smilevski Jordan Ferria Mahamadi Savadogo Eytham Souibgui Marie-Josèphe Gagey Jean-William Dupuy Jeffrey A Rollins Riccardo Marcato Camille Noûs Christophe Bruel Nathalie Poussereau |
| Institution: | 1. Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA-Lyon, Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240 MAP, 10 Rue Raphaël Dubois, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France;2. Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA-Lyon, Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240 MAP, 10 Rue Raphaël Dubois, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France
Bayer SAS, Crop Science Division, Laboratoire Mixte, 14 Impasse Pierre Baizet, Lyon, F-69263 France;3. Plateforme Protéome, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France;4. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;5. Bayer SAS, Crop Science Division, Laboratoire Mixte, 14 Impasse Pierre Baizet, Lyon, F-69263 France Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), Research Group in Plant Pathology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy;6. Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA-Lyon, Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240 MAP, 10 Rue Raphaël Dubois, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France Bayer SAS, Crop Science Division, Laboratoire Mixte, 14 Impasse Pierre Baizet, Lyon, F-69263 France These authors contributed equally to this work. |
| Abstract: | The necrotrophic plant-pathogen fungus Botrytis cinerea produces multicellular appressoria dedicated to plant penetration, named infection cushions (IC). A microarray analysis was performed to identify genes upregulated in mature IC. The expression data were validated by RT-qPCR analysis performed in vitro and in planta, proteomic analysis of the IC secretome and biochemical assays. 1231 upregulated genes and 79 up-accumulated proteins were identified. The data support the secretion of effectors by IC: phytotoxins, ROS, proteases, cutinases, plant cell wall–degrading enzymes and plant cell death–inducing proteins. Parallel upregulation of sugar transport and sugar catabolism–encoding genes would indicate a role of IC in nutrition. The data also reveal a substantial remodelling of the IC cell wall and suggest a role for melanin and chitosan in IC function. Lastly, mutagenesis of two upregulated genes in IC identified secreted fasciclin-like proteins as actors in the pathogenesis of B. cinerea. These results support the role of IC in plant penetration and also introduce other unexpected functions for this fungal organ, in colonization, necrotrophy and nutrition of the pathogen. |
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