免疫的代价

免疫系统发育的代价主要是为B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞发育抗原识别多样性时的低效率过程提供能量 ,为开始形成白血球提供基质 (如氨基酸和脂肪 ) ,并为胚胎和雏鸟提供白细胞。维持免疫系统的代价与持续产生白细胞、免疫球蛋白以及其它血浆蛋白时的营养分配有关 ,这些血浆蛋白用于取代在正常的细胞代谢中丢失的蛋白质以及细胞间的蛋白质。利用免疫系统阻碍可能的病源体入侵的代价有两种主要形式。第一 ,由于白细胞参与效应子机制时发生的损害、组织整合性以及寄主细胞的存活力的损伤 ,组织功能有一些损失。第二 ,在活化相应类型的细胞并产生其效应子作用时存在着营养耗费。病源体挑战所带来的主要代价是系统的急性期反应(特别是肝脏的复原 )通过产生保护性的蛋白质来帮助免疫系统

The costs of immunity

The costs of development of the immune system come primarily from the expenditure of energy to fuel the inefficient process of developing antigen recognition diversity in B and T lymphocytes and to provide substrates (e g., amino acids and lipids) for the initial burst of leukopoiesis needed to supply the late embryo and hatchling with leukocytes. The costs of maintaining the immune system are related to allocating nutrients for the continued production of leukocytes, immunoglobulin, and other plasma proteins to replace those lost during normal turnover of cells and extra-cellular proteins. The costs of using the immune system to thwart the invasion of potential pathogens come in two primary forms. First, there are losses in tissue function that result from damage incurred when leukocytes engage their effector mechanisms and damage tissue integrity and host cell viability (collateral damage). Secondly, there are nutritional costs in mobilizing the responding cell types and fueling their effector functions. The primary cost of an authentic pathogen challenge is in the systemic acute phase response, especially recruitment of the liver, to assist the immune system by producing protective proteins