Y-chromosome evidence for differing ancient demographic histories in the Americas |
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Authors: | Bortolini Maria-Catira Salzano Francisco M Thomas Mark G Stuart Steven Nasanen Selja P K Bau Claiton H D Hutz Mara H Layrisse Zulay Petzl-Erler Maria L Tsuneto Luiza T Hill Kim Hurtado Ana M Castro-de-Guerra Dinorah Torres Maria M Groot Helena Michalski Roman Nymadawa Pagbajabyn Bedoya Gabriel Bradman Neil Labuda Damian Ruiz-Linares Andres |
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Institution: | Department of Biology, University College, London, United Kingdom. |
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Abstract: | To scrutinize the male ancestry of extant Native American populations, we examined eight biallelic and six microsatellite polymorphisms from the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome, in 438 individuals from 24 Native American populations (1 Na Dené and 23 South Amerinds) and in 404 Mongolians. One of the biallelic markers typed is a recently identified mutation (M242) characterizing a novel founder Native American haplogroup. The distribution, relatedness, and diversity of Y lineages in Native Americans indicate a differentiated male ancestry for populations from North and South America, strongly supporting a diverse demographic history for populations from these areas. These data are consistent with the occurrence of two major male migrations from southern/central Siberia to the Americas (with the second migration being restricted to North America) and a shared ancestry in central Asia for some of the initial migrants to Europe and the Americas. The microsatellite diversity and distribution of a Y lineage specific to South America (Q-M19) indicates that certain Amerind populations have been isolated since the initial colonization of the region, suggesting an early onset for tribalization of Native Americans. Age estimates based on Y-chromosome microsatellite diversity place the initial settlement of the American continent at approximately 14,000 years ago, in relative agreement with the age of well-established archaeological evidence. |
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