PAR modulation of the UV-dependent levels of flavonoid metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. leaf rosettes: cumulative effects after a whole vegetative growth period |
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Authors: | Michael Götz Andreas Albert Susanne Stich Werner Heller Hagen Scherb Andreas Krins Christian Langebartels Harald K Seidlitz Dieter Ernst |
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Institution: | 1. Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany 4. Breun Seeds GdbR, 91074, Herzogenaurach, Germany 2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany 3. Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Biomathematics and Biometry, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Abstract: | Long-term effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on flavonoid biosynthesis were investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana using the sun simulators of the Helmholtz Zentrum München. The plants, which are widely used as a model system, were grown (1) at high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 1,310 µmol m?2?s?1) and high biologically effective UV irradiation (UV-BBE 180 mW m?2) during a whole vegetative growth period. Under this irradiation regime, the levels of quercetin products were distinctively elevated with increasing UV-B irradiance. (2) Cultivation at high PAR (1,270 µmol m?2?s?1) and low UV-B (UV-BBE 25 mW m?2) resulted in somewhat lower levels of quercetin products compared to the high-UV-BBE conditions, and only a slight increase with increasing UV-B irradiance was observed. On the other hand, when the plants were grown (3) at low PAR (540 µmol m?2?s?1) and high UV-B (UV-BBE 180 mW m?2), the accumulation of quercetin products strongly increased from very low levels with increasing amounts of UV-B but the accumulation of kaempferol derivatives and sinapoyl glucose was less pronounced. We conclude (4) that the accumulation of quercetin products triggered by PAR leads to a basic UV protection that is further increased by UV-B radiation. Based on our data, (5) a combined effect of PAR and different spectral sections of UV radiation is satisfactorily described by a biological weighting function, which again emphasizes the additional role of UV-A (315–400 nm) in UV action on A. thaliana. |
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