肥料类型对盐碱地蒙古黄芪生长与光合特征及药材产量和品质的影响

以一年生蒙古黄芪种苗为材料,在盐碱地探究二年生蒙古黄芪根系产量和药效成分对不同肥料(海藻酸水溶肥、腐殖酸水溶肥、微生物菌剂生物肥、复合肥和有机肥)的响应以及其光合生理机制,为盐碱地蒙古黄芪的推广种植提供参考。结果显示:在盐碱地,微生物菌剂生物肥的施用对蒙古黄芪的抗逆性、光合作用效率、生长特性、根系产量及质量均无显著性影响;复合肥的施用显著促进了蒙古黄芪地上部分的生长,但对根系产量无显著影响,反而显著降低了其抗逆性、光合作用效率和药效成分;海藻酸水溶肥、腐殖酸水溶肥和有机肥的施用均显著提高了蒙古黄芪抗逆性、光合作用效率、地下部分的生长及产量、质量;施用有机肥的蒙古黄芪药材产量最高(7 046.2 kg·hm~(-2)),并与施用除腐殖酸水溶肥以外的其余处理差异显著,施用腐殖酸水溶肥和有机肥的蒙古黄芪药效成分含量最高并与其余施肥处理差异显著,它们的黄芪甲苷含量均达到0.13%以上,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量均达到0.06%以上。研究表明,在盐碱地蒙古黄芪栽培过程中,施用有机肥在保证蒙古黄芪药效成分较高的同时,还具有最高的药材产量,可认为是最佳肥料。

Effects of Fertilizer Types on Growth, Photosynthesis, Yield and Quality of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus in Saline alkali Land

Using annual Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus seedlings as materials, we investigated the response of biennial A. membranaceus var. mongholicus to different fertilizers (Water soluble fertilizer of alginic acid, Water soluble fertilizer of humic acid, Organic fertilizer, Biological fertilizer of microorganism inoculant and Compound fertilizer) as well as its physiological photosynthetic mechanism in saline alkali land, which provides reference for the popularization and planting of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in saline alkali land. The results of the study showed that: in saline alkali land, the application of biological fertilizer of microorganism inoculant had no significant effect on the stress resistance, photosynthesis, growth characteristics, yield and quality of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus; the application of compound fertilizer significantly increased the growth of aboveground part of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, while had no significant effect on the yield, and significantly reduced its stress resistance, photosynthesis and pharmacodynamic components; the application of water soluble fertilizer of alginic acid, water soluble fertilizer of humic acid and organic fertilizer significantly increased the stress resistance, photosynthesis, underground growth, yield and quality of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. Among them, the yield of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus applied with organic fertilizer was the highest, reaching 7 046.2 kg·hm^-2. The pharmacodynamic components of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus applied with water soluble fertilizer of humic acid and organic fertilizer were the highest, the content of AS was above 0.13%, and the content of C7G was above 0.06%. In summary, Organic fertilizer had the highest yield and ensured high pharmacodynamic components of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, which can be considered as the best fertilizer.