Distribution of potential suitable hammers and transport of hammer tools and nuts by wild capuchin monkeys |
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Authors: | Elisabetta Visalberghi Noemi Spagnoletti Eduardo D Ramos da Silva Fabio R D Andrade Eduardo Ottoni Patricia Izar Dorothy Fragaszy |
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Institution: | 1. Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Aldrovandi 16B, 00161, Rome, Italy 2. Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’Uomo, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy 4. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of S?o Paulo, S?o Paulo, Brazil 3. Department of Mineralogy and Geotectonics, Institute of Geosciences, University of S?o Paulo, S?o Paulo, Brazil 5. Psychology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Abstract: | Selection and transport of objects to use as tools at a distant site are considered to reflect planning. Ancestral humans
transported tools and tool-making materials as well as food items. Wild chimpanzees also transport selected hammer tools and
nuts to anvil sites. To date, we had no other examples of selection and transport of stone tools among wild nonhuman primates.
Wild bearded capuchins (Cebus libidinosus) in Boa Vista (Piauí, Brazil) routinely crack open palm nuts and other physically well-protected foods on level surfaces
(anvils) using stones (hammers) as percussive tools. Here we present indirect evidence, obtained by a transect census, that
stones suitable for use as hammers are rare (study 1) and behavioral evidence of hammer transport by twelve capuchins (study
2). To crack palm nuts, adults transported heavier and harder stones than to crack other less resistant food items. These
findings show that wild capuchin monkeys selectively transport stones of appropriate size and hardness to use as hammers,
thus exhibiting, like chimpanzees and humans, planning in tool-use activities. |
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Keywords: | Hammer distribution Anvil distribution Tool use Stone transport Palm nut Nut-cracking Cebus libidinosus |
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